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The Privacy Act of 1974, a Federal Law in the United States of America, is a law that enforces the fair use of information which involves the assemblage, preservation, protection, use and publication of information. The information majorly focused on this law is data or the pieces of information, which play a vital role in the personal identification of an individual (Rights, 1974). The act was enacted on December 31, 1974.
The Privacy Act of 1974 established a Code of fair use of information or Fair Information Practice, binding the federal agencies to fairly collect, maintain, protect, use and disseminate the information contained in their system of records. The system of records is a collection of data or information under the control of some particular agency, from which the data can be taken out using the name of that specific individual or any particular information only assigned to that individual.
The Privacy act binds the federal agencies not to disclose any kind of information, until unless the individual, to whom the information belongs, provides a written consent to do so. In addition to this, the Privacy Act of 1974 also provides the authority to the individuals to view and even make changes in their records. Moreover, the individuals, who have the privilege to review their information, can also see when and where their information has been disclosed.
As far as the Federal agencies are concerned, the Privacy Act binds the agencies to serve a public notice for their system of records and get them published in the Federal Register (Solove, 2016). However, there are certain exceptions, and conditions of disclosure. The information can be disclosed for the purposes of congressional investigations, as per the requirements of law enforcement agencies, for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics and other administrative purposes.
References
Rights, F. E., & Act, P. (1974). USC 1232-34 CFR Part 99.
Solove, D. J. (2016). A brief history of information privacy law. Proskauer on Privacy, PLI.
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