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Business and management
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Business and management
Using Suncoast dataset, effectiveness of training program, effects of lead exposure and difference in return of investment has been evaluated using statistical data analysis techniques in Excel data analysis Toolpak. The document includes the hypothesis, Excel outputs and interpretation of results for independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA.
Independent Samples t-test
Hypothesis
The null and experimental hypotheses of the research measuring the effectiveness of training program are stated below.
Null hypothesis H0: The mean difference between two groups in the effectiveness of training program is equal to zero.
Experimental hypothesis H1: The mean difference between two groups in the effectiveness of training program is greater than zero.
Excel output and interpretation
Independent T-test has been chosen to check the difference as it the most suitable test to know the mean difference among two groups from different populations (Field, 2009). Figure 1 shows the Excel output of independent sample t-test. The sample comes from the different populations, group A, who received prior training and the other group B, who received the revised training.
Fig. 1. Excel output for independent sample T test
It can be observed from the figure 1 that means for two groups are not equal. Mean difference observed is equal to 14.98. The value for the test 1.93983E-15 is significantly less than 0.05. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis that the mean difference between groups is equal to zero and accept the experimental hypothesis. It can be noted that the average is greater in group B which suggests that the revised training program is better than the previous one.
Dependent Samples (Paired Samples) t Test
Paired sample t-test will be used to know the amount of lead before and after exposure as the sample meets the assumptions of paired sample t-test. The test variable has been recorded twice in the same group or same population before and after exposure (Field, 2009; Creswell & Creswell, 2017).
Hypothesis
Null hypothesis H0: The mean difference in the blood lead amounts is zero before and after the project.
Experimental hypothesis H1: The mean difference in the blood lead amounts is higher than zero before and after the project.
Excel output and interpretation
Fig. 2. Excel output for paired sample T test
It can be seen from the results that the mean difference, 0.428 microgram is closer to zero. The p value p = 0.056 suggests a slight increase after the exposure but the value rounded to two decimals, 0.06>0.05. We accept the null hypothesis that the mean difference before and after the exposure is zero. This suggests that the project does not contribute to higher level of lead in the blood of workers.
One-way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA test is used to know the differences in two or more groups for one variable Creswell & Creswell, 2017). The one-way ANOVA tells the difference in one variable measured in different groups from different samples. The variable in this study is return of investment measured for four different projects air, water, soil and training.
Hypothesis
Null hypothesis H0: No difference exists in the return of investment by the four projects.
Experimental hypothesis H1: A difference exists in the return of investment by the four projects.
Excel output and interpretation
Fig. 3. Excel output for one-way ANOVA
The excel output provided above show p value, 1.76E-06 is significantly higher than 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis. The greatest amount of return in investment has been received from soil project with average 9.1 and second highest was air project, average 8.9. water project generated an average 7 and the least amount of return from the investment was given by training project. Therefore, the Suncoast can keep investing in air and soil projects for higher revenues.
References
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS:(and sex, drugs and rock'n'roll) (Vol. 497). Sage.
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