Thorax - Bones Of The Thorax, Ribs Types, Bony Landmarks

Thorax - Bones of the Thorax, Ribs Types, Bony Landmarks

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Thorax

Thorax of a body is formed by the thoracic cage. It constitutes 12 pairs of ribs along with their cartilages and a sternum. These pairs of ribs are supported at the posterior of a body to the thoracic vertebrae. Heart and lungs are mainly protected by the thoracic cage. One of the bones of the thorax is described as sternum which supports the inner part of a thoracic cage. It mainly constitutes 3 parts i.e. the manubrium, body and the xiphoid process. The tip of the sternum is marked by the xiphoid process. The xiphoid process is thought to exist as the cartilage in early life while it develops into the bone in middle age ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uK7de4zA","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Saladin, 2004)","plainCitation":"(Saladin, 2004)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":188,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CKNkWnK9/items/2M5RTWLV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CKNkWnK9/items/2M5RTWLV"],"itemData":{"id":188,"type":"book","title":"Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function","publisher":"McGraw-Hill Higher Education","number-of-pages":"1187","source":"Google Books","abstract":"Aimed to motivate and enable students to understand and appreciate the wonders of anatomy and physiology, this work requires no prior knowledge of college chemistry or cell biology. It is designed for a two-semester college course.","ISBN":"978-0-07-121423-0","note":"Google-Books-ID: pTaRNgAACAAJ","title-short":"Anatomy & Physiology","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Saladin","given":"Kenneth S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Saladin, 2004). Corresponding to the sternum, cartilage is present, which is so obvious that it is mainly used as a starting point from where ribs emerge. Ribs are categorized into two types; true ribs (1-7) and false ribs (8-12). The function and structure of a thoracic cage are highly connected ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hmUVta9P","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Graeber & Nazim, 2007)","plainCitation":"(Graeber & Nazim, 2007)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":186,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CKNkWnK9/items/SDDLWJFR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CKNkWnK9/items/SDDLWJFR"],"itemData":{"id":186,"type":"article-journal","title":"The anatomy of the ribs and the sternum and their relationship to chest wall structure and function","container-title":"Thoracic Surgery Clinics","page":"473-489, vi","volume":"17","issue":"4","source":"PubMed","abstract":"As with all parts of the body, the anatomy and physiology of the chest wall are intimately intertwined. To carry out the unique functions performed by the chest wall, the anatomic structures are formed precisely for maximal efficiency. This article focuses on the unique structural characteristics in the internal thoracic diameters. It discusses the specific anatomy of the ribs and costal cartilages, along with the sternum. How these parts interrelate through joints is described also. Finally, it describes the muscles that cause the motion in the chest wall.","DOI":"10.1016/j.thorsurg.2006.12.010","ISSN":"1547-4127","note":"PMID: 18271162","journalAbbreviation":"Thorac Surg Clin","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Graeber","given":"Geoffrey M."},{"family":"Nazim","given":"Muhammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Graeber & Nazim, 2007).

Ribs are thought to attach to the sternum otherwise, how they would be able to support the individual of a huge mass. Thorax and Thoracic cage play a huge role in the breathing process ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"5JGJXiRE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Graeber & Nazim, 2007)","plainCitation":"(Graeber & Nazim, 2007)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":186,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CKNkWnK9/items/SDDLWJFR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CKNkWnK9/items/SDDLWJFR"],"itemData":{"id":186,"type":"article-journal","title":"The anatomy of the ribs and the sternum and their relationship to chest wall structure and function","container-title":"Thoracic Surgery Clinics","page":"473-489, vi","volume":"17","issue":"4","source":"PubMed","abstract":"As with all parts of the body, the anatomy and physiology of the chest wall are intimately intertwined. To carry out the unique functions performed by the chest wall, the anatomic structures are formed precisely for maximal efficiency. This article focuses on the unique structural characteristics in the internal thoracic diameters. It discusses the specific anatomy of the ribs and costal cartilages, along with the sternum. How these parts interrelate through joints is described also. Finally, it describes the muscles that cause the motion in the chest wall.","DOI":"10.1016/j.thorsurg.2006.12.010","ISSN":"1547-4127","note":"PMID: 18271162","journalAbbreviation":"Thorac Surg Clin","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Graeber","given":"Geoffrey M."},{"family":"Nazim","given":"Muhammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Graeber & Nazim, 2007). During the process of inhalation, the chest cavity expands which allows lungs to expand which are the key organs of a respiratory system. The thoracic cage is pulled upward and forward which helps the lung to incorporate the inhaled air. It is also thought to protect the muscles which contract to reorient the ribcage. Likewise, these structures play an important role in facilitating the process of respiration along with the lungs. Lungs would be at greater risk of rupture due to their sensitive nature therefore, thoracic cage gives necessary protection to this organ. The anatomy and physiology of thorax are well suited to provide extra care to the internal body organs and muscles associated with it.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Graeber, G. M., & Nazim, M. (2007). The anatomy of the ribs and the sternum and their relationship to chest wall structure and function. Thoracic Surgery Clinics, 17(4), 473–489, vi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2006.12.010

Saladin, K. S. (2004). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.