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The Scientific Method
Joseph Modica
[Name of the Institution]
The Scientific Method
Part 1.
IDENTIFY THE HYPOTHESIS. Make sure you STATE the hypothesis as clearly and correctly as possible. This is worth a lot of points.
The most reliable hypothesis of the research was that elsewhere 1–2 h/day, in both girls and boys, there was a direct upsurge in the commonness of depressing indications with growing sitting time, and this was regardless of physical movement levels. Amongst boys, 1–2 h/day of sitting behavior was meaningfully connected with an inferior odd of cheerless symptoms associated with < 1 h/day. Country-wise examination displayed that sitting behavior of ≥3 h/day was connected with miserable indications in 26 of the 30 involved republics and solitary a fat level of between-country heterogeneity was noticed with the general guess grounded on a meta-analysis.
One hypothesis is that further than one hour consumed inactive, for instance watching TV, may be a measure of proxy for a developed socioeconomic position in LMICs. Those shorn of access to a TV may be less inactive; however, they may have a lower socioeconomic position, which is a recognized risk element for hopelessness in youngsters.
Null hypothesis
Depression is communal and troublesome in teenagers. However, there are multiple reasons for depression and anxiety.
What predictions do the authors make based on their prediction (in other words, if their hypothesis is correct, what will happen…if the null hypothesis is correct, what another thing will happen)?
The paper delivers multi-national signs of an association amongst inactive conduct and cheerless indications in teenagers, and this was regardless of physical action levels. The constancy of these relations perceived, at least outside 1–2 h/day of inactive conduct, across the encompassed nations, adds additional weight to the mounting indication for a construction amongst inactive conduct and poor psychological health in youths. Succeeding forthcoming longitudinal researches, these predictions could offer significant new marks and approaches for interferences to grab the depression-sedentary performance relation at its exact initial phases.
Do their results support or refute their hypothesis?
The results support their hypothesis. The results show the symptoms of depression amongst youth. Accustomed investigates in the complete sample displayed that associated to < 1 h/day of inactive behavior, three hours were connected with important cumulative odds for depressing indications.
What did you learn from this article? Was it interesting to you?
The article is quite interesting. The leading cause of depression amongst youth is discussed in great details. It is also stated that depression is the main cause of other viral and dangerous disease like heart problems and many mental disorders. The rate of depression is high among school girls and boys.
Part 2. Label the figure.
Golgi Bodies
Golgi bodies receive materials from the ER, packages them, and sends them to other parts of the cell.
Chloroplasts
It grabs energy from sunlight and stores it in molecules.
Lysosome
It contains chemicals that break down food particles and worn-out cell parts.
Cytoskeleton
It gives the cell its shape and provides strength.
Cell membrane
It separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. It permits some material to pass in and out of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
It is a network of passageways that carry materials from one part of the cell to another part of the cell.
Nucleus
It controls activities of the cell and contains the hereditary material.
Ribosomes
They are the protein factories of the cell.
Mitochondria
It produces most of the cell energy.
Cell Wall
It surrounds the cell membrane and provides a rigid structure.
Central Vacuole
It stores food, water, and wastes. It also provides support for the cell when full.
Part 3. Describe IN YOUR OWN words what the “endosymbiotic theory” is. What evidence supports this hypothesis?
Endosymbiotic theory is amalgamated and extensively acknowledged theory of how organelles ascended in creatures, opposing prokaryotic creatures from eukaryotic creatures. In endosymbiotic theory, constant with overall evolutionary philosophy, all creatures ascended from a single mutual antecedent. This antecedent possibly looks like a bacteria or prokaryote with a solo constituent of DNA enclosed by a plasma sheath. Through time, these microorganisms deviated in function as well as form. Certain bacteria developed the capability to process vitality from the atmosphere in different conducts. Photosynthetic microorganisms industrialized the trails that permitted the manufacture of sugar from sunbeams. Other creatures established innovative techniques to use this sugar is oxidative phosphorylation. It fashioned ATP from the collapse of sugar with oxygen. ATP might then be used to source vigor to other responses in the cell.
Meanwhile, the symbiotic hypothesis declares that chloroplasts and mitochondria raised from bacteria inflowing a eukaryotic cell to create a symbiotic connection, correspondences amongst bacteria and these semiautonomous organelles indicate sturdy proof that this hypothesis is precise.
Function
Mitochondria stake very parallel physiognomies with purple-aerobic microorganisms. They both consume oxygen in the manufacture of ATP, and they both do this by using the oxidative phosphorylation and Kreb’s Cycle and. Chloroplasts are very analogous to photosynthetic bacteria in that they both have very analogous chlorophyll that hitches light dynamism to alter into chemical vitality. Though there are numerous resemblances amongst mitochondria and intricate chloroplast and aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic microorganisms, they seem to be minor and to have ascended via progression.
Size
The size of chloroplast and mitochondria in contrast to bacteria is an additional meek reflection that funds the endosymbiotic hypothesis. Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, and prokaryotes (bacteria) vary from around one to ten microns in size. This appears very rudimentary; however, if there was a huge variance in sizes amongst these three constituents, the hypothesis would seem to be untrue.
RNA, DNA, Proteins Synthesis and Ribosomes
The first portion of indication that wanted to be initiating the provision to endosymbiotic supposition was whether or not chloroplast and mitochondria require their own DNA and if this DNA is analogous to DNA of bacteria. This was advanced recognized to be accurate for RNA, DNA, chlorophyll, ribosomes, and protein amalgamation. This delivered the first considerable indication for the endosymbiotic supposition. It was also strong-minded that chloroplasts and mitochondria divide self-sufficiently of the cell they live in.
Mitochondria devouring their own DNA and separating autonomously of the cell is what eventually outcomes in only mitochondrial DNA being hereditary by the mother of one since only an egg cell has DNA while a sperm cell does not.
Part 4. Label the diagram.
The process is called The Cell Cycle. In stage 1, interphase amongst cell division takes place. In stage 2 cell growths take place in 12 hours. In stage 3 DNA syntheses takes place in 6 hours. Stage 4 is the rest interval before the start of mitosis. It took 6 hours. Stage 5 is the start of mitosis that takes place in half hour. Stage 6 is for Cytokinesis in which mitosis finishes and results in the formation of two daughter cells.
End Notes
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