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Paper Proposal: Why And When Humans Lost Their Hair
Final Film Critique
Martin Gutierrez
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
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Paper Proposal: Why and When Humans Lost Their Hair
Human evolution is the process through which human beings developed on planet earth from the now-extinct mammals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"I6DVOQlp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Human evolution | Stages & Timeline,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Human evolution | Stages & Timeline,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":148,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/DLJL2NCC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/DLJL2NCC"],"itemData":{"id":148,"type":"webpage","title":"human evolution | Stages & Timeline","container-title":"Encyclopedia Britannica","abstract":"Human evolution, the process by which human beings developed on Earth from now-extinct primates. The only extant members of the human tribe, Hominini, belong to the species Homo sapiens. The exact nature of the evolutionary relationships between modern humans and their ancestors remains the subject of debate.","URL":"https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,22]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Human evolution | Stages & Timeline,” n.d.). Science believes that physical as well as behavioral traits of people originated from their apelike ancestors. In the process of evolution, there are series of natural changes that provoke species to arise. Based on my preliminary research, the question I would like to explore is: Why and When Humans Lost Their Hair? “Darwin considered that human hairlessness was unlikely to have evolved purely by natural selection, as the absence of a reflective coat would leave man unshielded from the intense rays of a tropical sun” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"SiZNf6PO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schwartz & Rosenblum, 1981)","plainCitation":"(Schwartz & Rosenblum, 1981)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":150,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/5L9VN45L"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/5L9VN45L"],"itemData":{"id":150,"type":"article-journal","title":"Allometry of primate hair density and the evolution of human hairlessness","container-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","page":"9-12","volume":"55","issue":"1","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","DOI":"10.1002/ajpa.1330550103","ISSN":"0002-9483, 1096-8644","journalAbbreviation":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Schwartz","given":"Gary G."},{"family":"Rosenblum","given":"Leonard A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1981",5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schwartz & Rosenblum, 1981). Hair is another part of humans that makes them stand out among other species. Human hair goes under great evolution similar to the other organs of the body.
Hair loss has been observed for centuries. It is mentioned in the Bible too. In 1500 BC, baldness was covered with wigs and there were many treatments for hair loss. In ancient Egypt, patients used a mixture of onion, iron, red lead, honey and alabaster. They were asked to swallow it after reciting invocation to the sun god. Hippocrates also described the connection between the hair loss and sexual organs. The most common cause of hair loss is Androgenic Alopecia (male patterned baldness). Several studies have reported that 25% of men aged 25 years have some degree of clinically apparent androgenic alopecia and over 40% of men will develop it at some point in their life. Another reason for hair loss might be Telogen Effluvium. It happens because of stressful events, childbirth and surgery ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hLN3WKh5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Verret, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Verret, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":151,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/QG6PDQDZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/QG6PDQDZ"],"itemData":{"id":151,"type":"book","title":"Patient Guide to Hair Loss & Hair Restoration","publisher":"DJ Verret","number-of-pages":"119","source":"Google Books","abstract":"If you are one of the millions of people around the world who suffers from hair loss and is bothered by it, the Patient Guide to Hair Loss & Hair Restoration is for you. With explanations of the reasons for hair loss and possible treatments, Dr. Verret provides an unbiased reference for understanding what can be a psychologically devastating process.","ISBN":"978-0-578-01492-0","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Verret","given":"D. J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Verret, 2009). The most popular theory, thermoregulation, talks about why people lose hair. The theory states that environmental pressures led our ancestors out of shady forests; these new conditions created a number of physiological changes in human body and caused hair loss ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"u3msZFwV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sunday, April 28, & Pm, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Sunday, April 28, & Pm, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":156,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/DI296CDQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/DI296CDQ"],"itemData":{"id":156,"type":"webpage","title":"Appliance of Science: Why did humans lose their hair?","abstract":"In a world where hair removal is a big industry we sometimes forget how little hair we actually have, writes Dr Naomi Lavelle","URL":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/features/appliance-of-science-why-did-humans-lose-their-hair-920633.html","title-short":"Appliance of Science","language":"en","author":[{"literal":"Sunday"},{"family":"April 28","given":""},{"family":"Pm","given":"2019-09:00"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,28]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,22]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sunday, April 28, & Pm, 2019).
I have chosen this topic because it is a universal problem and has existed for centuries. The most challenging part was to make the information concise. The research shows how human hair evolve with time and what its causes are. Along with hair loss problems, Darwinists also admit that they have no idea why humans did not lose all their body hair ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"8OdfT0bu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bergman, 2003)","plainCitation":"(Bergman, 2003)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":153,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/SL2W9HVW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/SL2W9HVW"],"itemData":{"id":153,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Why Mammal Body Hair Is an Evolutionary Enigma","source":"Semantic Scholar","abstract":"*Jerry Bergman, Ph.D., Northwest State College 22-600 State Rt 34, Archbold, OH 43543 Received April 4, 2003; Revised October 13, 2003 Mammal body hair is a complex structure that involves several basic parts, including a shaft, a root, and a follicle. The most common theory currently in vogue is that hair evolved from reptile scales. Although both scales and hair preserve well in the fossil record, especially in amber, no evidence of hair evolution has been found after more than a century of searching. Another problem is that all primates have thick, coarse hair called fur, and explanations as to how this fur was lost in human evolution are deficient and contradictory. the body can use to produce heat. The muscle contraction produces the familiar “goose bumps” that result from cold temperatures, embarrassment, or fear (and is an important means of communication both to one’s self and to others). Located in the hair root, the external root sheath contains all the epidermal strata existing in normal skin. If the epidermis and superficial part of the dermis are damaged, the undamaged part of the hair follicle (which is protected because it lies deep with in the dermis) is a source of new epithelium to repair surface skin damage (Seeley et al., 2003). Each hair shaft has an inner layer of cells called the medulla or pith, containing soft keratin and shrunken cells of dried epithelial structures. The next layer is called the cortex, which is a semi-transparent, thick layer that contains “hard type keratin” filled cells (Seeley et al., 2003). It occupies the bulk of the hair. The cortex contains scattered pigment cells that produce melanin, giving hair its color. Color is an important tool used to differentiate hair for both biological research studies and forensic work (Saferstein, 2002). The outer layer of the hair shaft, the cuticle, consists of a single layer of colorless keratinized cells that cover the hair somewhat like skin. These hardened, flat cells overlap like house shingles and are arranged “in an imbricate fashion and often beautifully sculptured” (Hamilton, 1939, p. 69). The ends of the flat cells always point toward the tip of the hair, not the hair root (Saferstein, 2002).","author":[{"family":"Bergman","given":"Jerry R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bergman, 2003).
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bergman, J. R. (2003). Why Mammal Body Hair Is an Evolutionary Enigma.
Human evolution | Stages & Timeline. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2019, from Encyclopedia Britannica website: https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution
Schwartz, G. G., & Rosenblum, L. A. (1981). Allometry of primate hair density and the evolution of human hairlessness. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 55(1), 9–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330550103
Sunday, April 28, & Pm, 2019-09:00. (2019, April 28). Appliance of Science: Why did humans lose their hair? Retrieved October 22, 2019, from https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/features/appliance-of-science-why-did-humans-lose-their-hair-920633.html
Verret, D. J. (2009). Patient Guide to Hair Loss & Hair Restoration. DJ Verret.
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