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Article Review
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Article Review
When species are introduced into a new environment as a result of direct and indirect human intervention causes a change in the natural ecosystem. From many studies, it is evident that such introductions cause the native species to get extinct and also the ecosystem of that area change but what is the effect on the new species is still unknown. It is a fact that non-native species do cause changes in the natural environment the moment they are introduced in the new environment, for example, the presence of pathogen cause disease in animals plants and other species. Still, there is no proper understanding and also management policy about the invasion of these organisms. Having said that there is no proper understanding of the impact of these species because the synthesis of the provided information is blocked because the clear understanding of the impact of these organisms is not clearly stated by researchers. In order to achieve clarity regarding the meaning of the impact, communication among the scientists from various fields and other stack holders should be clear. One particular area where improved communication is required to evaluate the risks involved in the introduction of non-native species or organisms. So for all these reasons, it is important to assess the impact of such organisms in the natural habitat is required.
To understand the impact of these organisms, it is important to address four questions that fall in four different classifications. These are directionality, classification and measurement, ecological change and also the scale of the change. All of these criteria include the term change because the impact is produced because they ultimately change the ecosystem. These changes can affect both the population in which it is introduced and also other populations as well. In the case of directionality, it is considered that either decrease in the species diversity occurred which is unidirectional or bidirectional in which both increase and decrease in the species are considered. To consider the bidirectional changes it is important to consider the overall complexity of the ecosystem. For example with many studies it has been proved that plant population richness and also diversity decreases when a foreign population is introduced in that population but the soil richness increases as a result of that change. In the classification and measurement, it is estimated that are the effects are estimated based on the direction and magnitude of the impact, or is there any human values are also involved. In the case of ecological and socioeconomic changes both or anyone is addressed. Many researchers focused mainly on the changes that occurred in the native population densities and also ranged, and in another study, the socio-economic changes like the impact on the overall agriculture and livestock are estimated. In the case of scale various regional national and other seasonal scales are measures. The focal impact is quite significant in the case of the overall description of the impact. For example, the introduction of a foreign species can either improve the richness at a small scale, or it can also cause disasters.
All these questions are quite helpful in evaluating the overall impact of a foreign species into a native environment. These questions help to identify the definition of impact by all policymakers and scientists. This way it will be quite helpful to clearly understand the impact because in this way a synthesis of overall data is informative. It is important to note here that how impact is measured in a certain community depends on how they define it, so it is important to define it (Jeschke, 2014) clearly. There are certain regulating organisations who define the term impact of foreign species in a morebroader sense. The explicit definition of impact will help to understand the scientists that what is needed by the managers and what is currently delivered by the scientists (Ricciard, 2014). While doing so, scientists must be able to address their audience and how they define the term.
References
Jeschke, J. M., Bacher, S., Blackburn, T. M., Dick, J. T., Essl, F., Evans, T., ... & Pergl, J. (2014). Defining the impact of non‐native species. Conservation Biology, 28(5), 1188-1194.
Ricciardi, A., Hoopes, M. F., Marchetti, M. P., & Lockwood, J. L. (2013). Progress toward understanding the ecological impacts of nonnative species. Ecological monographs, 83(3), 263-282.
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