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Family Interest-Early Childhood: 4 Years – 8 Years

Please write your responses below and then copy and paste the questions and your answers into the Week Four, Discussion 2 forum.

Q1: Do you encourage visits from parents?

A1: Yes, to develop a positive relationship with child, as well as caregiver, it is essential to make frequent visits.

Q2: What do you expect from me as a parent?

A2: To provide quality time to your child, no matter how short or how long it can be. Listening to the children, motivating them, helping them in problem solving, and playing with them improves their confidence and mental strength.

Q3: How do you communicate with parents? Is there a regular newsletter or a notice board? Is there a daily report or another way you inform parents of what children did during the day (naps, bottles, BMs, etc.)?

A3: Today is the era of technology, where newsletters and notice board has become an old fashioned and traditional methods. I would prefer to communicate with parents via web portals. It is easier for parents too, who can search and check daily reports while sitting in their offices. This is efficient method as parents may not have time to read notice board daily. Also, it is the cheap method as no money is required to post a message for the parents, instead newsletters may get costly. However to ensure the message delivery to all parents, the updated information display on notice board can be effective too.

Q4: Can you give examples of some of the toys and activities in your learning environment and explain how they are age-appropriate?

A4: children always love to play with painting balls, blocks, colored pens and peppers, and musical learning instruments. Thus, these all toys are helpful to the toddlers to children to learn new things, concepts, calculations, and problem solving techniques.

Q5: Can you please briefly describe your indoor and outdoor play areas, and explain how they ensure children can safely explore and develop physical skills?

A5: the indoor area consists of a wide room, filled with soft toys and activity toys, such as blocks and painting brushes. The play areas are cleaned after every 2 hours to ensure that no harmful object is present in the area. On the other hand, the outdoor area consists of a smooth garden, with no sharp areas. The children can run, play, and enjoy without any danger of getting injured.

Q6: What role, if any, does screen time have in your learning environment?

A6: I do not prefer to use any media in play area of the children, as exposure to the screen time may affect toddlers’ and children’s eye sight and metal capabilities, instead they are motivated to do physical activities essential to keep them fit and healthy.

Q7: How do you comfort children?

A7: By reading stories for them and singing songs.

Q8: In what ways specifically does your classroom foster cognitive, social, and emotional development?

A8: The classroom has a very collaborative set up, where students sit together, discuss their stories, and develop strong social relation with each other. As in classroom, students share their different stories, regarding home, friends, and daily life, so they get emotionally attached to each other. Further, the learning activities, such as use of blocks, storytelling, singing songs, and paint colors, foster cognitive development of the students.

Q9: How do you handle discipline or behavioral problems? For instance, how do you handle biting, hitting, or bullying situations?

A9: I encourage the students to keep discipline in the class by rewarding them. The obedient students are rewarded with gifts, chocolates, and their favorite toys. On the other hand, the bitting, bullying, and hitting is treated with love, care, and affection to let students realize that hate can never be a solution to any problem.

Q10: How do you help children learn how to express themselves appropriately and encourage their good behavior?

A10: I appreciate students for expressing what they feel, no matter how wrong they are speaking or how silly they are behaving. This motivates the students to express them in the right way at the right time. Also, rewarding them improves their positive behavior with others.

References

https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/what-do-children-learn-preschool-program

Feasibility Report For Healthcare Difference Between The US And Other Countries

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

English: Feasibility report for health care difference between the US and other countries.

Purpose: The purpose of this memo is to highlight the issue of unhygienic food in university cafeterias.

Introduction: This feasibility report will study issues that the students and faculty face regarding unhygienic food at the university cafeteria. The purpose of this proposal is to highlight the issues that consumers of campus food face and to improve and promote the availability of healthy and clean food to the students, which will have a positive effect on the students’ health and enhance their academic performance at WSU.

Research Options: According to the survey, Food hygiene is one of the three aspects of hygiene, with the others being environmental and personal hygiene. Food hygiene is a conscious effort to keep food safe from potential contamination and protect the health of consumers.

Dining on campus usually involves buffet style dining with a number of food options. Limitations like time, money, space, and cooking equipment, students have to settle for the food that is unhygienic. According to the IFS (International Food Standard) the supply of good quality food on Campus is related to the quality management system, supported by detailed prerequisite programs i.e. (Good Manufacturing Practice), GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) and GHP (Good Hygiene Practice) requirements. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2015), out of 150 million University scholars, almost 1 in 10 fall sick after eating contaminated food at campus and 2160 die every year. There are still food suppliers and distributors who do not have satisfactory knowledge of food hygiene and therefore cannot practice what they do not know. According to the highest Food Authorities in the country, it will be made sure that only registered persons can operate food stalls inside the campus. Moreover, it will also be necessary for them to have medical and quality assurance certificates.

A number of research studies suggest that there is a need to scrutinize and evaluate the quality of food that the students are consuming on campus and to educate food handlers about nutritional requirements for health. There is a lack of knowledge about nutritional values among most food suppliers and distributors. Most university scholars develop poor eating habits due to these unhealthy and unhygienic food items. They have no other option but to select food on campus according to convenience, time, and price available to them, rather than their nutritional values.

A study on quality of food on campus conducted by the American Research Institute for policy Development in 2017 stated that four universities and several colleges in the state of Washington were vulnerable and students were left with no option but to take unsafe and unhygienic food. When it comes to cost of healthy food, the biggest question by the authorities is, "Who will pay for it?" The expenses and the effort that goes into maintaining the food quality and standards must be comparatively high. That is one of the areas in which different campuses have different opinions on how to provide high quality food to the students. WSU’s student federation recommends that students’ annual university fee should cover the expenses rather than them having to worry about it afterwards. Food suppliers and a quality control department should maintain a check and balance on the matter. CITATION Ado18 \l 1033 (Ado)

 The Food and Agricultural Organization has set rules for food hygiene and all the practical measures that must be taken in keeping food safe and nutritious through all the phases of production till the point of sale or consumption. It is also clarified that the implications of this definition are that food must be sheltered from spoilage and harmful microorganisms. Any toxic germs present in the food that might result in illness of the consumer should be prevented from reproduction to the fullest. Harmful bacteria in the food should be eliminated by careful cooking or processing and that food should be placed somewhere that is safe and free from germs. The quality of food must be maintained during the process of moving it from one place to another i.e. from the kitchen space to the cafeteria. CITATION Bru18 \l 1033 (Y)

Methodology

Area of the study: The study was conducted in Washington State University (the main campus).There are many vendors and cafeterias, where a number of food handlers work. It was picked as the location of study because researchers observed that the students and faculty, who make up the most important part of the country’s population, depend on the food that is being served there.

Design of the study: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used in this study.

Population for the study: The population sample for the study contained all food handlers in the campus including cooks and waiters. Students and faculty members who consume food from cafeteria occasionally or on a daily basis.

Instrument for data collection: A questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection. It was designed based on facts and figures obtained from research options, literature review and the objectives of the study. The questionnaire was validated and verified by two Food Quality Assurance experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was also determined by incorporating the split-half procedure.

Data collection techniques: 130 copies of the questionnaire were distributed within the campus. From which 112 copies were filled and returned. This represents a 91% return rate.

Data analysis techniques: Data was analyzed using regularities and percentages.

Evaluation and Feasibility Assessment: Some of the food available at the campus meets the quality standards while the rest needs to be taken care of by the University’s quality assurance team. In general, meeting food quality standards is a complex process, but some things are easier than others. For example the Partnership for Healthier America (PHA) started the Healthier Campus Initiative to make the availability of hygienic food possible on campus. Their CEO stated that authorities of food quality assurance must regularly manage the hygienic situations under which food distributors are working for them to prepare food. There are a large number of canteens all around the country that are selling unhygienic food to students, who are the most likely to be victims of this situation, especially those who live on campus and have no other option other than to eat whatever they can find inside or close to the university premises.

Food is the basic source of energy and it needs to be cooked and preserved in an appropriate environment to ensure that it fulfils the eating needs of the students rather make them sick. Eating expired or unhygienic food can damage a person’s abilities to function in a proper way. Overall at this point, students are not eating good quality food. CITATION Tac19 \l 1033 (Tachalyn)

Conclusion: There was no proper check and balance for the food quality on campus. Students who spend a good part of their day at this place have no option other than to consume unhygienic food from the café. The university’s concerned professionals for food quality assurance started to look into the matter and assured all concerned that quick and effective measures would be taken towards this matter.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Ado, Amelia. "Food Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Food." Sciendo 12 November 2018: 250. Document.

Lee, Hui Key. "Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge." International Journal of Environmental research and public health (2017)pp. 34-38. Document.

Tachalyn. Star online. 16 January 2019. Document. 24 March 2019.

Y, Bruce. "College food needs to get better, This PHA initiative is helping." Forbes (2018)pp 24-24. Print.

CITATION Hui17 \l 1033 (Lee)

Female Protagonists

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Female Protagonists

Almost half of the world population is a woman. According to several leaders and thinkers, “women hold up half the sky”. Nevertheless, society has always remained oblivious to their innate potential. Even today, this is a patriarchal world, and men dominate in every sphere of life. Though women have been subjected to several kinds of pressures, several authors and activist tried to change this unjust way of life. The Yellow Wallpaper is a case in point. Here, the main female character spends most of her time in a mansion as she is married to a doctor. This story depicts the post-partum scene where this lady suffers from depression. Instead of giving her time and attention, her husband advises here to stay alone in the mansion. This is counter-productive to her sickness as she gets stuck in this quagmire. Some lines, “But John says if I feel so I shall neglect proper self-control; so, I take pains to control myself, —before him, at least, —and that makes me very tired” (Gilman, 2) reveal the state of Gilman who is under societal pressure. It is not wrong that she is imprisoned, but then she liberates herself from this injustice.

Furthermore, the Gustave Flaubert in (Flaubert) is depicting a simple feminine soul. It is about a maid who is an epitome of grace, love, and loyalty. Her love marries someone else, but that does not make here bitter or cruel in any way. Instead, she finds joy in extending her love to children. This lady Felicité is truly a selfless soul. Her character in the story shows the strength and vigor a lady which is not easily acknowledged in society.

Thus, these stories make it obvious that women are not limited in their strength and potential. They are powerful whenever they decide to use it. It is not justified to restrict women on the basis of their gender or sexuality.

Works Cited

"The Yellow Wallpaper - Google Search." Google.com. N. p., 2019. Web. 5 July 2019.

Soul, A. "A Simple Soul." Feedbooks. N. p., 2019. Web. 5 July 2019.

Final Assignment All Sources Annotated Bibliography

Final Assignment All Sources Annotated Bibliography

[Name of the Student]

[Name of the Institution]

Final Assignment All Sources Annotated Bibliography

Thesis Statement

Interviews are an effective tool to gauge the relevant skills because interviews in the present time involve transparent hiring processes, and collaborative approach has made interviews more effective.

Annotated Bibliography

MultiBrief: The new trend in hiring? Collaborative interviews. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2019, from http://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/the-new-trend-in-hiring-collaborative-interviews/business-management-services-risk-management

It is a website that cannot be considered a scholarly source. It claims that a new approach to interviewing the candidates is to apply a collaborative approach, which yields more positive results. The source claims that the interviewers use the candor that ensures the interviewee will describe him- or her-self openly. Transparency has become a prominent feature in the hiring process. Traditionally, interviews were much formal, unable to find out the candidate’s choice and know important facts about the candidate. The source further claims that the interviewers today prefer to discuss openly with the candidate about the work environment, challenges, career path, pay range, etc. Besides discussing the interview process, the source sheds light on the current trends of employers in the hiring process. With online processing of job applications, candidates are informed of each phase of the process they are in. They can get sufficient information about the hiring preferences of the company through the online sources provided by the company.

The source helps understand the given thesis by describing a new approach that fits the requirements of the present-day hiring process. It emphasizes mutuality, transparency, and collaboration. It explains clearly what is collaborative interviewing and how both employers and workers can benefit from this concept. The source proves that interviews are the most efficient way of hiring the required talent for jobs by describing the significance of clarity in decision-making on both sides, interviewer as well as interviewee.

Knight, R. (2015, January 23). How to Conduct an Effective Job Interview. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2015/01/how-to-conduct-an-effective-job-interview

The source is an article (non-scholarly) published in a business magazine to provide general information on how to conduct interviews. It describes the effective ways for making interviews successful in respect of the company. The source presents views of the experts in this regard and emphasizes that the interviewers should understand the fact that hiring top talent is not easy these days, and interviews are meant not only to assess candidates but also to persuade the right ones to stay. The source suggests that interviews should be organized to reduce the stress of candidates by informing them about the way it is to be conducted and the nature of questions to be asked. It also proposes that interviews should involve a little number of judges (three persons are good), and immediate bosses, peers, and HR personnel should constitute the panel. The source prohibits to ask absurd questions that compel candidates to lie. Instead, behavioral and situational questions should be asked to explore the candidate's potential. To find a cultural fit is important but not essential, as people tend to adapt at workplaces. The first section of the interview should comprise objective assessment, and the second one can be used for selling the job and other subjective issues. The source further presents two case studies to elaborate the thesis it presents.

The source focus on describing the way an organization can hire the best talent for its job openings. It comprehensively discusses the details that should be kept in mind while structuring interviews. The thesis given in this bibliography is well-supported by the content given in this source. It suggests that interviews should be used for the collective benefits of the employers and the candidates. It emphasizes that by facilitating candidates for the interview, developing relevant questions to be asked, and understanding the needs of candidates as well as the difficulties of hiring suitable staff can ensure the success of the company in the long run.

FINAL EXAM

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Day Month Year

Final Exam

Pair ID# 1: Manifest Destiny and Compromise of 1850

History shows that Southern slaveholders wanted to increase the power of Congress by expanding new territories. On the other hand, Northern politicians wanted to limit slavery to certain slave states by confining their territory. On other hand, South wanted to support salves "Manifest Destiny" was used as a term for the first time in 1845 by a newspaper editor which described the mindset of the 19th century of American expansionists. Manifest was not a government policy nor a political philosophy. It was a conviction that expansion of American freedom and values would benefit those who were influenced by it. Compromise of 1850 was a package consisting of five September bills passed by Congress of the United States in September 1850. This package of bills resolved the conflict between South and North, by defusing a political confrontation between free and slave states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican War. Compromise of 1850 played a significant role in give and take game between north and south when they were not happy with what they got. It was believed that America was destined to expand by God in which North America was destined to spread its special virtues of American people. Institutes of North America along with the spread of its democratic values were also destined (Woods et al, pp. 438-456). It is the Compromise of 1850 that allowed the United States for accepting California so that America could expand its territory. California was enriched with natural resources such as gold and agricultural things that would make the country economically rich. So, in order to know the attitude of South and North America towards slavery and expansion both the concepts helped people. Given two terms are interrelated as one points towards divine idea of expansion and others reflect upon comprise of states regarding the separation in the form of bills passed.

Pair ID# 2: Cotton and the industrial revolution

The terms cotton and industrial revolution go hand in hand. It could be seen that cotton was the main raw material of the industrial revolution. Strong fibers of cotton, suited to hard mechanical treatment were spanned in machinery. The industrial revolution started with cotton production in and around Manchester. During the revolution, cotton was import from the slave plantations only. It were the slaves who provided the cotton raw material for the industrial revolution and they contributed the most for the economic growth. The foundation of the industry was laid on the slave labor. They provided the central raw material for the founding the base of the industrial revolution. In the 16th century, cotton was first imported to England and with this import industrial revolution started (Koetsier et al, pp. 177-207). Though initially linen and yarn were also imported with cotton, but in the 1750 industrial revolution was marked by the pure cotton cloth production in Britain. So it won’t be wrong to say that with cotton, industrial revolution started and that was supported by the slave labors. In 1774, demand for cotton boomed and cause people to invest in improving the production of cotton and related products. In 1833 Britain revolutionized world industries by producing a huge amount of cotton. Cotton production revolutionized inventors, finance organizations, and industries. All these areas changed under the influence of cotton raw material that paved the way for the industrial revolution.

Essay: what caused the Civil War?

Introduction

American history is full of events and one of the most prominent events is the Civil War. Civil war resulted due to many causes. Period of the Civil war was the most depressing in American history. It leads towards many social and political changes and halted centuries of slavery in the country. Though America was already ripped up and torn up because of the negative fad in race relations Civil war shook political and social structure. This war started with the conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery but in-depth analysis shows that the Civil war started because of the economic difference that existed between south and north. According to historians and experts, a large number of causes are there due to which the Civil war started in America. The Civil war was the result of many conflicts and it would be right to say no single issue directly led to the war. Slavery is believed to be the root cause of division but in fact, other reasons contributed to the split of the union. Though slavery was the main point of contention but conflict of states' rights were one of its causes. Generally, it is asserted that causes of slavery include pressing the issues, slavery in society as well as the economy, conflict of rights and slave and non-slave states, etc.

Discussion

The American Civil War of 1861-1865 is referred as a fight between Union (northern and southern states). A clear conflict was there in the mindset of southern and northern people, as the south believed in the rights of states so that they could set their laws, whereas the northern believed in the unity of strong federal government over the state it rules. A great socially difference was also there between north and south territory. North was based on the new social set up such as cities and industrial life. On the other hand, in South America, life was more close to nature as agriculture and rural life were more prominent there. Another major cause of the Civil war is there came a change in people's way of thinking. They started having individual opinions and conflict between the southern and northern mindset that inculcated in them a sense of insecurity for due to which they wanted to empower them (Miller et al, pp. 141-143). Slavery is another major cause that led the Civil war that divided people who ruled and who were ruled by others. Not only people but also the states were labeled with the title "slave state and non-slave state". It was the southern people who realized the importance of slaves but the northern people never realized how slaves could help them in making their territory strong socially and economically as they were inconsiderate about the Southern farmers. Unfair compromises were created and inculcated feelings of hatred and enmity in people from both sides.

Slavery was inconsistent with ideals incorporated in the Constitution but allowed the founding father to the perverse union at any cost. Slavery was not a new issue but was there for years. American government failed to solve it and constant propagation led towards freedom and liberty. The unrest of the slaves and how they were treated incorporated feelings of insecurity. Slavery was the primary cause and this hatred between the whites and blacks was intensified when America gained freedom from Great Britain. Revolutionaries did not pay much attention to the slave that spark animosity towards the Confederation and whites. Over the issue of federal power, states fought for prohibiting and encouraging slavery (Allen et al, pp. 675-677). History shows that slavery played central role in the Civil war as Southern political leaders’ resistance against the attempts of Northern antislavery political forces to block the expansion of slavery in western lands. The majority of slavery during the time, in the northern areas, was illegal. North never considered slaves as equal and did not bother to think of slaves living in the north. The situation was opposite in the south as it used its workforce of slavery for supporting its economy. Efforts were made to raise the chattel slavery and discouraged the idea of selling and purchasing slaves as property but people in the north did not support this idea. Culture abolitionists in the Union and on the other hand, the desire of supporting slaves created a conflict between both sides that ultimately escalated.

Conclusion

So, taking a look at the above discussion, it could be asserted that the Civil war resulted because of various causes and not only a single cause could be blamed for this historic event. Inequality of rights claimed by states and social as well as economic differences led to the conflict which changed into Civil war when disputes were not settled. It has been observed that despite taking steps to settle the issues between south and north territories, pressing the issues exploded and caused great damage to American. Change of mindset was also a cause of conflict as slavery was ending on the southern side and support was given to slave as they were the backbone of economy and farming in the south. In the north, freedom of slaves was opposed as industrial and city life dominated that land. So as a whole, it could be concluded that though there are various causes of Civil war one of the most prominent was the slavery and conflict between the south and north regarding slavery.

References

Allen, Austin. "Melissa Milewski. Litigating Across the Color Line: Civil Cases between Black and White Southerners from the End of Slavery to Civil Rights; Kimberly M. Welch. Black Litigants in the Antebellum American South." (2019): 675-677.

Koetsier, Teun. "The first wave of the industrial revolution: Cotton textiles and pig iron." The Ascent of GIM, the Global Intelligent Machine. Springer, Cham, 2019. 177-207.

Miller, Richard F. "Boston and the Civil War: Hub of the Second American Revolution." Historical Journal of Massachusetts 47.2 (2019): 141-143.

Woods, Michael E. "The Compromise of 1850 and the Search for a Usable Past." The Journal of the Civil War Era 9.3 (2019): 438-456.

Foreigner In There Own Home

Oscar Lopez

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Title: “Foreigner in their own home”

Immigration is defined as the international movement of people into any other country without having citizenship of that country to reside in that country. Some people immigrate due to their employment, some are on a scholarship program to study or do an internship, some are refugees while others are sponsored by their family or are direct relatives of the citizens of that particular country. There are number of people who migrate to the US to get higher and professional education.

The US is considered a “melting pot” because people living in this country are diverse with different cultures, race, and identity. Immigrants are the main reason for this cultural diversity. According to the survey conducted in 2015 US is ranked as the country that has a larger immigrant population than any other country in the world. The “yearbook of immigration statistics” shows that one million legal immigrants were residing in the US out of which 20% were sponsored by their family and 47% were direct relatives of the US citizens and 13% were refugees as well. It is still a matter of discussion that whether immigrants are helping the economy or causing adverse effects. Most of the researches show that immigrants benefit the country's economy and are involved less in crimes as compared to US citizens.

This essay will discuss the arrival of different immigrants in the US specifically Asian Americans, their cultural differences and their impact on the US education system, economy and political mobility. Also, immigration laws affecting the immigrants and the contribution of immigrants to the US development.

History

The US has been considered as a nation of immigrants. Firstly, Native Americans ancestors arrived in North America and scattered over the land which is now considered a part of the US before the arrival of Europeans immigrants. Many of the immigrants arrived because of religious freedom and some for job opportunities. However, many enslaved Africans were migrated against their will due to which in 1803 the US congress passed a bill to prohibit the migration of slaves to their country. From 1820 to 1870 the US experienced a second migration wave that includes people from western Germany and Irish background. The reason for Irish people's migration was the failure of potato crops. During this time in 1848, the war between Mexico and America ended making people living in Mexico a part of the US. Also, with the discovery of gold many Chinese and Latin Americans migrated to the west coast. The third migration wave started in 1881 with the arrival of almost 23.5 million people from Russia, Poland, and Italy. The reason for their migration was the religious and economic conditions of their country. In 1898 the Spanish-American war ended leaving Puerto Rico and Guam a part of American jurisdiction and their people American citizens although they are still struggling for their rights. Moving on, in 1924, the Immigration Act was passed in which fixed quotas of national origin only while in 1929 Congress establishes the annual immigration quotas permanent. (Soennichsen, 8).

Asian migration

Immigration of people from the continent of Asia to the US is referred to as Asian immigration. In 19 century the US experienced first wave of Asian immigration in the region of Hawaii and the west coast. Although, they faced exclusion due to the immigration laws of the US and were prohibited to migrate until 1940. Due to the elimination of the law in which Asians were prohibited to migrate there has been a tremendous increase in the number of immigrants belonging from continent Asia. The people mostly worked as cheap labor for different American companies. Gradually the immigrants started to settle down and as they came to know about their rights they started to protest against minimum wage and increase work hours. Due to which many companies’ owners had to reconsider their policies. In 1185 mostly Japanese people seek refuge in the US to support their families due to an increasing poverty rate in their own country.

After the discovery of gold in California many Asian people migrated to the US to get away from the war and poor social status of their country. Additionally, many merchants from china also migrated to the US to invest their savings, forming the beginning of china town. In 1882 an act known as The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by the government which prohibited all immigration from China except merchants, diplomats, and students.

Discussing South Asia some Sikh farmers were the first ones to migrate to the US. Although, most of the immigrants were men.

Cultural differences

Every person has a unique identity and set of beliefs on which his or her whole life depends. As it is human nature to adjust according to their surroundings they often tend to follow other cultures as well or at least them. While comparing the culture between Anglo American and Asian immigrants there are lots of differences that can be taken into account. Specifically talking about Chinese and American culture, the people of Chinese society is all about the group while Americans prefer individuality. For Chinese people, teamwork is very important and they think that it is their moral duty to consider how their actions affect other people. Also, Hierarchy is very important for Chinese people. Americans, on the other hand, prefer equality and have a much flatter structure in their working environment. Most Americans speak directly without hesitation while Chinese people consider it mandatory to speak in a polite tone with their elders and to their seniors.

Another factor that differentiates the two is food. Chinese people chopsticks while Americans use forks and knives. For Chinese people family is important so the always prefer round food table. In contrast, Americans typically believe in individuality and person space so they prefer a square table. Their cuisine is also very different. If we talk about south Asian people they love spices but for Americans, too many spices are hard to bear. Likewise, mostly Japanese and Korean food is different from American food as people in America are more inclined towards fast foods rather than home-cooked meals and vegetables.

The other major cultural difference is celebrations. In America people celebrate Christmas, Halloween, Easter while in Asian countries they have different celebrations like in South Asia people celebrate Diwali, ‘Eid and Holi. Additionally, in china people celebrate like spring festival, Qingming Festival and many more.

Impact of cultural differences on Americans and immigrants

When guests arrive at our home to live we make certain adjustments to cater to them or if we are guests we also need to make adjustments. Likewise, when people migrate to any other country they have to get along with the culture of the people living there. Also, the citizens of the country had to make adjustments to accept the differences in their culture.

Previously people used to accept each other cultures as a way of unifying different groups. They used to celebrate every event with joy. Nowadays people are getting more protective of their own culture and beliefs to an extent that they defy celebrating different events. This is also because most immigrants entering the US have no intention of becoming a part of America or its culture rather than they focus more on their community. Immigrants have created their separate communities where they practice and celebrate their own beliefs and events.

Another barrier that people face in unifying different culture is religion. Although every religion teaches peace yet their basic ideology, beliefs and practices are different. This cause a huge impact on people as now they are less tolerant of the diverse background of people. The fear of losing their culture that has been passed on to them from ages makes people more vulnerable (Kruzykowski, 16).

Cultural differences cause a major impact on children. As living in a place where people are of a different color, race, ethnicity and, looks children often feel socially alone. They often get bullied by others because of their looks and color due to which they develop certain mental issues as well. This bullying culture is not limited to school. Immigrants of all ages face this discrimination on daily basis. Although, many people including Americans are speaking up for the rights of immigrants so that everyone can lead a happy life.

On the contrary cultural differences often do have a good impact as well. Accepting diversity and getting knowledge of every culture can have lots of positive effects on people.

Public attitude towards immigrants

According to most of the researchers, immigration causes a very great impact on the economic condition of the country. Many US citizens consider the US a place where every person deserves equality and free will to practice their religion and follow their culture. According to these people, diversity has a positive impact as people can learn new things from others. In contrast, many people are against immigrants. They think that immigrants are polluting their culture and religious beliefs. They also think that immigrants are taking all the benefits from the government as they have a specific quota in every field of life. Most of the immigrants that came to the US on employment visa works on very low wages which is very beneficial for the companies causes a major problem for the US citizens who are not very skilled. Also, many new immigrants especially Chinese are highly educated due to which they are more likely to get a better job than average Americans which is again a big problem for the Americans who dislike immigrants (Wong, Hirschman 387).

Impact of immigration laws on immigrants

In the US the immigration laws have changed a lot. In recent years’ immigrants are also given certain benefits in every field of life but things were not the same back then. While talking about the Asian community, they suffered a lot because of the immigration laws. During the exclusion era the “Chinese Exclusion Act” was passed in which Chinese and Japanese immigrants were prohibited to migrate to the US. This act was further expanded prohibiting immigrants from some parts of the Middle East, Central, and South Asia to migrate to the US. This was a major concern as even the existing immigrants were forced to leave the country and were excluded from labor, jobs and, etc (Juniu 358).

When the era of exclusion was over and the government allowed some of the Asian people to migrate to the US, Asian people faced lots of racial discrimination and some of them were even considered ineligible for citizenship despite fulfilling all the requirements. They also faced employment discrimination and prohibition on buying any property. They were not allowed to vote. Even the children were not spared they also faced segregation in schools.

Recently, many immigration laws are changed and immigrant has a separate quota in every field of life. Children are allowed to take admissions in any school even student visas are issued for several Asians to get higher education in American universities. However, while talking about Muslim Asian immigrants, policies, and laws are still the same. People from many Muslim Asian countries are still banned from entering the US except few and even those few face the same discrimination as other migrants use to face many years ago (Menjívar and Lakhani)

Conclusion

Migration is not easy as it requires lots of strength and patience. It is never easy to adjust in any other country whose culture and language are different from that of immigrants' own culture. Immigrants play a very important role in the country's economy. Talking about Asian immigrants, they are typically hard-working and will work on even lower wages as well despite being highly skilled. Most Asian immigrants are highly educated and have higher educational attainment than all foreign and US-born adults due to this reason they have achieved a significant advance in their income.

Although Chinese Americans have struggled a lot their yet their hard work lead them to achieve success and moving to urban areas. They also found employment in various industries, forming their neighborhoods due to which Chinatowns came into being. They also began introducing their cuisine and due to its variety and taste it is famous not only in USA but around the world. Traditionally Chinese gave immense importance to the education of their children. They have always set a bar so high. This cultural diversity attracts lots of tourists to visit the USA, also as Chinese American merchants are spreading their business in every country and even this will, in turn, benefit the economy of the US. Thus the success of Chinese Americans may also be considered as American immigrant success.

References

Juniu, Susana. "The impact of immigration: Leisure experience in the lives of South American immigrants." Journal of leisure research 32.3 (2000): 358-381.

Kruzykowski, Katerina G. "Reconciling two cultures: The experience of immigrants and first generation Americans from non-western countries." Social Sciences Journal 7.1 (2007): 7.

Menjívar, Cecilia, and Sarah M. Lakhani. "Transformative effects of immigration law: Immigrants’ personal and social metamorphoses through regularization." American Journal of Sociology 121.6 (2016): 1818-1855.

Soennichsen, John. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. ABC-CLIO, 2011.

Wong, Morrison G., and Charles Hirschman. "The New Asian Immigrants." (1979).

Forum: Unit VIII Discussion Board

Discussion Board

Javier

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Discussion Board

Response one

Every subject has its significance, while each student expects to learn more, acquire skills, and gain knowledge from what she is subjected to study. In response to Javier’s discussion, this course helped to meet her expectations. Javier's concerns and expectations were that she should not be limited to only theories, she needs exposure to business market to analyze top market requirements, so that, she may be able to learn and acquire skills accordingly.

In response to Javier, best thing about this course is that, this has let her get exposure with business-oriented professionals, advisors, and peers, above all meeting people having similar thoughts lets you enter into networking opportunities. This course has also enabled Javier, to improve team working skills and she can work with teams as a member and sometimes as a leader effectively. Individuals may boost their communication and understanding skills by working with groups.

In response to Javier, she suggests that, there should be internship opportunities rather than giving students homework and assignments. Internships will help students to analyze their skills and they will be able to improve and acquire new skills. This course may improve, if it is not limited to class boundaries, there has to be some practical work to ensure quality in learning.

Pygmalion Effect

A teacher may influence their students to meet their expectations during learning processes. Pygmalion effect is a positive effect, which increases teachers' expectations from their students which develops their performances, so for teachers and students, this is a self-fulfilling prophecy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iD3YwXKP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Niari et al., 2016)","plainCitation":"(Niari et al., 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":405,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/LRKAY522"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/LRKAY522"],"itemData":{"id":405,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Pygmalion Effect in Distance Learning: A Case Study at the Hellenic Open University","container-title":"European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning","volume":"19","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"The Pygmalion Effect is the positive form of self-fulfilling prophecy and shows how teacher expectations influence student performance. According to this phenomenon, higher expectations can lead to an increase in performance. In this research qualitative methodology was adopted both in data collection, and in analysis, in order to investigate the impact of the Pygmalion Effect in distance adult learning. Observation was held in two Contact Sessions of the Postgraduate Module for Open and Distance Education (EKP65) of the School of Humanities at the Hellenic Open University (HOU). Also, 22 interviews were conducted, 6 with Tutors/Advisors and 16 with students of the same Postgraduate Module. The data analysis indicates that both Tutors/Advisors and postgraduate students shape form their expectations based on the behaviour as reflected in their first contact (telephone contact, face-to-face contact, written contact through the CV). Expectations originally are positive, though this could change due to mismatched following behaviour. Tutor’s expectations are expressed in verbal and non-verbal ways both in written and face-to-face communication. However, it is the non-verbal behaviour - and mainly the encouragement and the support towards the students - that influences their positive mood and attitude towards the learning object and distance learning itself. In conclusion, not to reject the educational trend according to which the adult learner has developed selfmotivation, we accept that Tutor’s expectations reflected in encouragement and support towards the student may influence the learning process.","DOI":"10.1515/eurodl-2016-0003","title-short":"The Pygmalion Effect in Distance Learning","journalAbbreviation":"European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning","author":[{"family":"Niari","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Manousou","given":"Evaggelia"},{"family":"Lionarakis","given":"Antonis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",7,26]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Niari et al., 2016).

First Mover Advantage

A first-mover advantage is a provision, which helps to gain a competitive advantage in the market, being in first position and helps to introduce new brands and services ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VfVGVnAD","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sammut-Bonnici & Channon, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Sammut-Bonnici & Channon, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":408,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/32TVABAI"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/32TVABAI"],"itemData":{"id":408,"type":"chapter","title":"First Mover Advantage","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"First mover advantage is derived from a firm's ability to gain early entry into a new market. Significant payoffs exist when barriers to entry are created. In the early days of the PC industry, Microsoft created high barriers to entry by collaborating with Intel. Today, Microsoft still holds a dominant position with 90% market share of the PC operating system market. Lockheed Martin's early technological and partnership advantage with Russian aerospace companies allowed it to secure a leadership position in the global market for commercial space launches, servicing the satellite industry. The timing of strategic moves into international markets may be critical for success as a result of the positive advantages accruing to first movers. The set of advantages to be gained are costs advantages, preemption of geographic space, technological advantages, differentiation advantages, and political advantages. For first mover advantage, to materialize, it is necessary to create high barriers for competitors to enter the market, be the first to introduce new systems and to, exploit first mover advantage to achieve customer loyalty. There is no first mover advantage where there are low or zero barriers to entry by competitors. Indeed, it may involve much greater risk than being an early follower.","ISBN":"978-1-118-78531-7","note":"DOI: 10.1002/9781118785317.weom060085","author":[{"family":"Sammut-Bonnici","given":"Tanya"},{"family":"Channon","given":"Derek"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",1,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sammut-Bonnici & Channon, 2015). This benefits firms and companies for establishing strong branding recognition due to which customer loyalty increases as compared to other companies competing in market.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Niari, M., Manousou, E., & Lionarakis, A. (2016). The Pygmalion Effect in Distance Learning: A Case Study at the Hellenic Open University. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 19. https://doi.org/10.1515/eurodl-2016-0003

Sammut-Bonnici, T., & Channon, D. (2015). First Mover Advantage. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom060085

Gender And Identity Issues

Student’s Name

Instructor’s Name

Course Code

Date

Gender and identity issues

In life we live, people tend to view every aspect of life differently. Society is inclined in a certain direction and men and women are separated by the culture. Traditionally, society was inclined against women. There was a clear distinction on how tasks are divided and men were more responsible for family affairs and making major decisions on major issues in the family. People have different perspectives on how women and men should relate. During this time men have a different expectation on how women should carry themselves. Men expect women to acquiesce to their demands, Peter said: "women should just get married and keep quiet." In the minds of elders, women are the caretakers of homes and should be with children to ensure that the family is well-taken care of. Therefore, traditionally women in our society have been regarded as a tool just to be seen not heard something which has tainted most societies.

During the 1950s and early 1960s, the story of men pursues prestigious courses were the order of the day. Most universities admit male students for courses such as medicine, engineers and pilot. There were courses which were reserved for men and some for women. Girls could be advised to take a course in nursing, secretary, customer care and other business courses which are less attractive. In the society, male bias against women is shown by moat males and therefore, male chauvinists traits are used to deny women opportunities in the society. Some men repeatedly criticize women with the intention to pursue medicine as a career. It is because most men do not believe a woman can pursue a career in medicine and therefore, they keep criticizing medical school dreams of women to make them develop fear. On most occasions, women would be reminded that “a woman would not even imagine becoming a doctor.” A woman would be suggested to pursue nursing if, they are determined to interact with the sick people in the hospital what the majority of women do but leave doctors alone because it is men's field. This indicates that a doctor is a career reserved for men and therefore, it is crazy for a woman to imagine becoming a doctor.

On some occasions, women would be lookdown up and refer to belong to ascertain class not equal to mean. A male would bring in the aspect of dialogue to show how a woman is unconventionality near men. It is a stereotype that is meant to belittle women and make them look valueless in society compared to men. This is common among African American society and it is practiced in most societies around the world. The society believed that women should belong in the kitchen and take care of husband and children and it is the stereotype built across by elders and traditionalists member of the society. However, there are two aspects of women who are represented in society, the feminist and the comfort and submission of women. The docile and feminist character of what we witnessed in modern society. Some women are comfortable with their role as housewife and they take care of children and very submission to the husband. But some women are feminists of today and most disagree with men and try hard to pursue whatever they want in life, even career which is reserved for men in the society. This has created a shift in how women are regarded in society. Therefore, the change women enjoyed in society were achieved through a difficult fight to ensure that gender equality is established in most of our societies.

Generation Kill: A Conversation With Stanley McChrystal

Generation Kill: A Conversation with Stanley McChrystal

Generation Kill: A Conversation with Stanley McChrystal

The United States remained involved in a battle in Afghanistan and Iraq from past fifteen years. The war was aimed at combating terrorists, which were suspected of the 9/11 attacks of 2001. The United States started combating those terrorists ferociously after the 9/ 11 incident. Despite spending billions of dollars on this war against terrorism, it is an obvious understanding that terrorism today still possess a range of challenges, both at the social and political level. In consideration of these issues, this essay will analyse, those challenges inferred from an interview of a commander in the Iraq war, Stanley A. McChrystal.

As reported and described by Stanley McChrystal, a centralized and narrowly focused fight was ongoing with the terrorist’s organizations before the attack of 9/11. For instance, most of the actions were not grounded on a high mark of intelligence. Further, only a few operations were executed with a high level of concealment, before the 9/11 incident ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"n8dteBh3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(S. McChrystal & Rose, 2013)","plainCitation":"(S. McChrystal & Rose, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2143,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/JB686VSL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/JB686VSL"],"itemData":{"id":2143,"type":"article-journal","title":"Generation kill: A conversation with Stanley McChrystal","container-title":"Foreign Affairs","page":"2–8","volume":"92","issue":"2","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Generation kill","author":[{"family":"McChrystal","given":"Stanley"},{"family":"Rose","given":"Gideon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (S. McChrystal & Rose, 2013). Things changed after the 9/ 11 incident, which totally changed the pattern as to how these operations were planned and conducted. Precisely, it also became appropriate to look into the issues clearly. In order to attain this objective, the US army allied in all the parts of the battlefield. The basic aim was to collect evidence and gather intelligence, right after any incident takes place anywhere in the world.

This resulted in the need for high intelligence and secretive operations. In addition, to that, the 9/11 attacks carried a new prospect to counterterrorism. As a result, the American Army had to stay connected and interlinked so that they could obtain information in no time. The five-step procedure that was used initially to communicate was taking more time and was inefficient to get the communication where it was required to move. Hence, the commander had to come up with something new that could cut the steps involved in the process, keeping it simple yet effective. In addition, they required to move far being capable to catch just one person at night. “You understand who or what is a target, you locate it, you capture or kill it, you take what intelligence you can from people or equipment or documents, you analyze that, and then you go back and do the cycle again, smarter ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"G4yK9yaM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Generation Kill,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Generation Kill,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2146,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/V36EZ82H"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/V36EZ82H"],"itemData":{"id":2146,"type":"webpage","title":"Generation Kill","URL":"https://www.foreignaffairs.com/interviews/2013-02-11/generation-kill","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",8,25]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Generation Kill,” n.d.)”.

McChrystal devised a plan that not only reduced the steps involved in the process but also enabled to catch more than one person at night. McChrystal also shared that things have changed strategically. It commenced with their well-trained commandos, but McChrystal mentioned three things to be changed. The first thing is this global positioning system, the second-night vision goggles and the third one unmanned aerial vehicles. The first one enables navigating from one part to another, the night equipment enabled perform night operations by seeing in the night and unmanned aerial vehicles enabled them to have a bird’s eye view and sharing the live feed. In addition, these technologies reduced the number of commandos needed in the field ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"UeBIxJx8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(G. S. A. McChrystal & McChrystal, 2014)","plainCitation":"(G. S. A. McChrystal & McChrystal, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2148,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/GZMFTPD7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/GZMFTPD7"],"itemData":{"id":2148,"type":"book","title":"My share of the task: A memoir","publisher":"Portfolio","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"My share of the task","author":[{"family":"McChrystal","given":"General Stanley A."},{"family":"McChrystal","given":"Stanley A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (G. S. A. McChrystal & McChrystal, 2014). The number of raids also increased since technology also enabled night raids.

McChrystal believed that using technology against terrorists will make them more vulnerable to them. For instance, he believed that using sophisticated technology against terrorist will make drag them more close to a terrorist. This can also impact the United States counter-terrorism measures negatively. If for any unfortunate reason, the terrorists are able to get a part of their technology, they can make it more destructive. This can also make the allied forces working against those terrorists more vulnerable to them. This is the reason McChrystal has remained against the use of technology against terrorists.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Generation Kill. (n.d.). Retrieved August 25, 2019, from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/interviews/2013-02-11/generation-kill

McChrystal, G. S. A., & McChrystal, S. A. (2014). My share of the task: A memoir. Portfolio.

McChrystal, S., & Rose, G. (2013). Generation kill: A conversation with Stanley McChrystal. Foreign Affairs, 92(2), 2–8.

Global Environment And HR

Global environment and HR

Global Environment and HR

China is among the rising countries in terms of job opportunities as I believe that in the near future, United States might not have that many jobs to cater the needs of the unemployed people. Seeing this threat, I might plan to relocate to China, as it suits my preferences with respect to job and housing. I have observed that Chinese are more adaptive to external culture, which is quite appreciable. However, there are cultural differences too. For example, the people of Chinafocus more over team initiatives and dislike individualism ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"QIJK4utd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Steers & S\\uc0\\u225{}nchez-Runde, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Steers & Sánchez-Runde, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":248,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/48JHIYE7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/48JHIYE7"],"itemData":{"id":248,"type":"article-journal","title":"Culture, motivation, and work behavior","container-title":"The Blackwell Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management","page":"190–216","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Steers","given":"Richard M."},{"family":"Sánchez-Runde","given":"Carlos J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Steers & Sánchez-Runde, 2017). Contrary to the US, Chinese companies are hierarchy based and tend to value those at the upper ranks. Chinese people also show hesitation in accepting contribution of those with different nationalities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"S9Ty8tBV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Chin, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Chin, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":244,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/EC3ECP3Q"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/EC3ECP3Q"],"itemData":{"id":244,"type":"article-journal","title":"Harmony and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese organizations","container-title":"The International Journal of Human Resource Management","page":"1110–1129","volume":"26","issue":"8","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Chin","given":"Tachia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Chin, 2015). Finally, the Chinese culture is based on fostering friendships and developing a substantive relationship, which is good, but sometime a foreigner might feel uncomfortable with this.

In light of the cultural differences mentioned above, I think I would need some adjustment in the company-oriented structure. For example, I do value the teamwork, but at the very same time, I need to earn credit for my inputs. Secondly, some adjustments would be required in the company hierarchy, I would be working for. Since I appreciate the valued input of my seniors, but I value my opinion as well, as I believe my inputs add an extra edge to the product under development. Lastly, I also need to adjust something in myself, which is to be extra cautious of the cultural barriers. The human resource practices which might be helpful in this domain are self-adjustments, identifying challenges and delivering tasks ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"78s93Ee0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hassan, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Hassan, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":246,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/Z855AKP8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/Z855AKP8"],"itemData":{"id":246,"type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of HRM practices on employee’s performance","container-title":"International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences","page":"15–22","volume":"6","issue":"1","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Hassan","given":"Saira"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hassan, 2016). Such practices are very helpful, just not in my case, rather generally. The HR based practices are quite obliging in being successful abroad, but one needs to be so watchful and thorough in adopting such practices. As consistency serves the purpose of success.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Chin, T. (2015). Harmony and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(8), 1110–1129.

Hassan, S. (2016). Impact of HRM practices on employee’s performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 6(1), 15–22.

Steers, R. M., & Sánchez-Runde, C. J. (2017). Culture, motivation, and work behavior. The Blackwell Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management, 190–216.

Halfaouine: Child Of The Terraces Movie Review

Movie Analysis

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Movie Analysis

One of the things that is being talked about during the course of the movie is that how the transition from the mother’s world to the father world is difficult for the character. One of the reason that this transition turns out to be difficult is due to the fact that how most of the times the indifferent attitude and the uptight nature of the father means that the guidance and the support that the character needs in the midst of some of the life changes as well as the physical changes that are happening in the body needs explanation and without clear explanation, it becomes quite difficult for the main character to get the hold of the things that are happening around them. Not only that, there is a need for the strong support system for the main character and the aloof nature of father means that this support system is quite visibly absent during one of the most important phases of his life.

One of the things that can be seen during the premises of the article is that how the sexuality is being depicted behind the closet in the whole country. The point that is being made here is that how people across the country with regards to the way they are going to be defining and talking about sexuality at the particular point and this lack of ease is one of the prime reasons that one gets to see sexuality being explored by the main character in a very unhealthy manner. The idea that is being propagated here is the fact that how due to the close ended nature of the way things are being depicted in terms of the sexuality, it is quite hard to find and discuss the sexual awakening among the major character and due to that confined nature, the character has developed the tendency to ensure that his sexual urges are taken care off in an unhealthy manner.

Hammam is used as a metaphor in a sense that how things are supposed to be done in Tunisian society in a place where everything that is not supposed to be done in open is going to be done in Hamman. The idea that is being talked about here is that how with the passage of time things are changing in the society and the start of the change is witnessed in Hammam which seems to be quite a harmless thing. The Hammam is an important place in a sense due to the fact that it is providing a confined and a closed space where women are supposed to be quite open about how they are feeling about certain things and the start of the women to self-express themselves is only available in the small space. The other aspect that is quite important in terms of the way whole thing is where dynamics of the master and the lord comes into a major role. Not only that, the Noora seems to be having desired to make sure that they are having a place where they are getting an opportunity to make sure that they have an ample opportunity to satisfy it at the first place. The film is a fairy tale (the director’s father was a librarian and a storyteller), that of a difficult passage from the world of children to the world of adults, a traumatising initiation into the formation of the libido, into the desire for women. The hammam, which Western literature and painting have portrayed since the eighteenth century, offers Noura an opportunity to approach with an indiscrete gaze the bodies of women, without veils, in a sensuous atmosphere where the vaporous warmth puts reason to sleep, where one puts one’s guard down and where social etiquette is weakened.

The film provides a wonderful insight about how the cultural sensibilities in Tunisia are supposed to work. The movie provides insight about the fact that how society as a whole is having a hard time when it comes to make sure that the accurate cultural depiction is being showed in the culture and how the sense of self identity are having a hard time to ensure that the correct perspective is developed in this regard. The idea that is being showed here is that how Tunisia as a country is having a hard time balancing its hard-cultural identity with the balanced view and perspective that is witnessed in the country at the particular point of time. So, all these things show an important depiction of the whole Tunisian culture.

It has to be noted that film as a medium can employee variety of ways through which it tends to achieve its sense of purpose. The same thing can be said about this movie that how it is supposed to ensure that it is trying to achieve at the first place and what are some of the underlying factors that it has to take care off when it comes to making sure that the right depiction of the Tunisian culture is supposed to make. The other thing that movie has been able to do well is the fact that how they have ensured to explain some of the other underlying theme such as how the exploration of the sexuality among certain people is supposed to be witnessed. The cultural identities and context are also explored and despite the fact that the themes that are explored are quite mature in nature, the director has not made it to heavy handed.

Health Care Economics And Finance

Title page

Healthcare economics and finance

Joint Commission National Patient Safety goals for the current year it offer cost-effective quality are to the patients that leads to their welfare. The goals are focused on protecting patients and reducing future risks by improving forecasting. It is further aimed at enhancing relationship of patients with nurses that leads to patient safety. The concept of patient safety is linked to their experience depicting the need for adopting adequate measures for delivering care that is in responsive to patient needs CITATION Geo173 \l 1033 (Silvera, 2017). Joint Commission National Patient Safety is focusing on improving accreditation that will influence the healthcare outcomes. Substandard patterns of care are removed and replaced with the efficient ones that ensure elimination of risk factors. Providing adequate knowledge to the staff and offering training will lead to the development of competency that saves long-term costs CITATION Joh021 \l 1033 (Griffith, Knutzen, & Alexander, 2002). This is due to the fact that competency nurses and staff adopt right treatment that results in early recovery and eliminates possibilities of adverse outcomes.

Provision of quality care to the patients exhibits the need for building a supportive environment that encourages care providers to practice evidence-based practices. By improving quality of care and responding to the patients in timely manner the Joint Commission National Patient Safety goals also aims at reducing the death rates. The financial goals emphasize on reducing total expenditure of healthcare costs by adjusting it with HCFA index. Improvements in the quality of care will also reduce the number of days spent by the patients in the hospital. This is also an effective strategy for minimizing costs because costs are linked with the number of days spent in the hospitals. Early discharge will allow the patients to save costs and also help institutes to save funds. This also increase hospitals capacity of attending more patients. The doctors and the staff will also use resources for attending outpatients more efficiently CITATION Kat134 \l 1033 (Oman, Fink, Krugman, Goode, & Traditi, 2013). Joint Commission National Patient Safety goals reveals that these indicators have significant impacts on financial measures.

Evidence-based practices will allow to stay current regarding healthcare finance. The practices and evidence suggests that one of the critical issues faced by the healthcare institutes is to manage costs without compromising quality of care. An effective way of minimizing costs is by responding to the patients on time. This will allow the staff to take appropriate actions on time and prevent from the development of complex issues. By hiring registered nurse the hospitals will reduce the burdens of physicians top attend huge patient turnover. This is a practical way of saving costs because nurse demand much low salary than physicians CITATION Zer17 \l 1033 (Zerwekh & Garneau, 2017). Improving clinical judgments and diagnosis is an effective way of minimizing cost burden because it eliminates the possibilities of errors. Maintaining healthcare resources improves the internal evidence for acquiring patient’s personal history and through EBP that will enhance quality and outcomes of the management process.

Evidence-based practice suggests asking questions by following a PICOT criteria and searching for the best evidence before choosing the treatment. Evidence is appraised critically by considering patients values and preferences. By following this comprehensive framework the patients and the healthcare institutes will manage to minimize costs and enhance quality of care CITATION Geo173 \l 1033 (Silvera, 2017). Evidence suggest that reducing the stay of patient and early discharge is linked to efficient performance of the staff. This is a practical way of minimizing costs associated with healthcare services. Evidence also suggests that reducing rates of readmission is also linked to minimization of costs.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Griffith, J. R., Knutzen, S. R., & Alexander, J. A. (2002). Structural versus Outcomes Measures in Hospitals: A Comparison of Joint Commission and Medicare Outcomes Scores in Hospitals. Quality Management in Health Care, 10 (2), 29–38.

Oman, K. S., Fink, R. M., Krugman, M., Goode, C. J., & Traditi, L. K. (2013). Rural Hospital Web-Based, Evidence-Based Practice Professional Development. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development, 29 (2), 58Y63 &.

Silvera, G. A. (2017). The Moderating Role of Hospital Size on the Relationship Between Patient Experience and Patient Safety. Q Manage Health Care, 26 (4), 210–217.

Zerwekh, J., & Garneau, A. (2017). Nursing Today. Elsevier.

Health Trajectory

Health Trajectory

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Health Trajectory

A health trajectory gives an idea about the status of current health or illnesses with which an individual might be battling (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). Additionally, a health trajectory tells about whether or not an individual would contract a certain disease based on the analysis of symptoms that may appear before time (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). The prime responsibility of a college student is to remain active during the years of adulthood so that they do not suffer from chronic and deadly illnesses later in their old age. Based on the current health status of me and my family, it can be concluded that I would live long enough barring unforeseen deadly accidents. There are no serious health-related issues found in my family that can jeopardize my health trajectory. Therefore, I am likely to be affected by my optimal aging. Optimal aging is the slow or normal rate of aging of the skin, cardiovascular system, respiratory, and musculoskeletal system. The curveball can bear detrimental effects on the health of an individual. A curveball requires a mix of skill and prowess along with multiple parts of the musculoskeletal system to deliver. Although it has been scientifically proven that the curveballs are not dangerous but individuals must exercise caution because they are not entirely safe either. The effect of the curveball on my health can be that I can be experiencing uncalled for fatigue during my normal days when I am not throwing curveballs. This fatigue can prove to be a blueprint of any injury that might be waiting for me in the future. To slow down the detrimental effects of the curveball on my health, I must strive to stay in the best shape possible.

The current health of an individual can describe a lot about the state of the physical activity, dietary patterns and future health-related issues that might confront the individual (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). At the moment, I have no any health-related issue that I should be worried of. Therefore, I would experience normal aging in my later years. Socioeconomic status of an individual is another determinant in the health trajectory (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). Individuals living in poverty experience diseases that tend to harm their health and increase their aging process. Most of the times, individuals suffering from poverty experience impaired aging. However, I am thankful to God as I belong to a family with a sound financial status. This means that I am less susceptible to diseases than individuals mired in poverty.

Having diseases run in the family can put individuals at increased risks of getting the same disease (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). My family does not have a history of any sort of disease that I should be worried about. Had my family any suffered from any disease then I should have been at increased risk of getting that disease too. For now, I might be experiencing optimal or normal aging of the skin and other systems.

Health habits and dietary patterns can give an insight into the lifestyle of an individual (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). As I am an active participant of the college baseball team, I have to exercise to keep myself in great shape. The only issue that I might experience the latter in my life is the negative effect of a curveball on my musculoskeletal system. I might experience impaired aging in my musculoskeletal system.

References

Cavanaugh, J. C., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2018). Adult development and aging. Cengage Learning.

HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020, LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM GOALS, AND INTERVENTION

Healthy People 2020, Long-Term and Short-Term Goals, and Intervention

Felisha jones

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Healthy People 2020, Long-Term and Short-Term Goals, and Intervention

The collection of demographic information is necessary to evaluate the needs of a local community to be able to diagnose its problem and develop appropriate health interventions and improvement plans CITATION Nie19 \l 1033 (Nies & McEwen, 2019). The purpose of the paper is to examine and assess a community health problem within Franklin county against Healthy People 2020 goals, by utilizing the prevention framework suggested by Milio (1976) in order to devise short and long-term interventions to aid disease prevention efforts in the community.

CVD in Franklin County

An examination of the mortality rates from Franklin county's population demographics reveals that heart disease and cancer are among the leading causes of death. Although the county seems to fare better than statewide rates, nearly 3.84% of the population above the age of 18 have been diagnosed with CVD CITATION PRC13 \l 1033 (PRCHN, 2013). It is relevant because CVD remains the leading cause of mortality across the nation. Among the behavioral risk factors identified in the community include poor nutrition, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and living a generally unhealthy lifestyle.

Analyzing CVD through Milo’s Framework of Prevention

Milio (1976) suggested that the lifestyle and health choices of an individual are affected by convenience, cost, and availability more compared to any knowledge they obtain through education. In the case of CVD, two propositions from Milio’s framework can be applied. Firstly, the community’s state of health is a result of having too much or too little of health-sustaining resource, thus the affluent indulge in an excess of food, alcohol, and soda. In Franklin County, it is convenient and inexpensive to buy fast food even for low-income populations, and most of the available options come with super-size deals for a small price difference. Secondly, Milio (1976) suggested that people’s choices are based on their perceived community or individual resources, and thus the prevalence of obesity and CVD within Franklin county can be explained by the lack of physical fitness facilities compared to the available number of fast food restaurantsCITATION Moh \l 1033 (Mazidi & Speakman, 2018). For every 62 fast food outlets, there are only 11 fitness centers for a 100,000 population within the county CITATION Pur18 \l 1033 (Purdy, 2018).

Comparison with Healthy People 2020 National Goals

The healthy people 2020 launched an initiative in 2014 to enhance cardiovascular health through the treatment, detection, and prevention for CVD risk factors, especially through prevention of CVD associated events, to reduce overall mortality. In Franklin County, the mortality figures for CVD are 132.50 for every 100,000 people, which is significantly higher than the 100.8 value targeted by the Healthy People 2020 goal CITATION PRC13 \l 1033 (PRCHN, 2013). To obtain the set targets, major improvements within the community’s lifestyle, physical activity, and diet have to be made CITATION Hea141 \l 1033 (Healthy People, 2014).

Long-Term and Short Term Goals

To achieve the Healthy People 2020 goals, an appropriate mix of short and long-term exercise and nutrition goals have to be set to decrease the prevalence of CVD associated morbidity and mortality, while addressing the underlying factors related to availability, and cost of resources, as specified by Milio’s (1976) framework. In this regard, public health nurses should collaborate with other community organizations and agencies to launch motivational exercise programs, in a way that people find convenient and easy to influence the social forces at play. The recommended exercise would be 30 minutes, every 5 days, which includes 75 minutes of vigorous and 150 minutes of moderate exercises for adults, involving strength training and aerobic exercises. A long-term intervention would be to launch nutrition education through school curriculums, booklets, health education programs, and mass media to draw stakeholders into using less hydrogenated oils, replacing them with omega-3 fatty acids and vegetable oils. They would also be guided to introduce healthier food options such as half-portion size in fast food restaurantsCITATION Sha151 \l 1033 (Sharifi & Amani, 2015).

In conclusion, reaching the Healthy people 2020 goals for reducing CVD prevalence requires nurses and community health professionals to encourage healthier lifestyle goals, which includes healthy nutrition and physical exercise to control the risk factors. Long term interventions to encourage stakeholders to adopt healthier alternatives in fast food chains, alongside the promotion of exercise regimens would enable a significant reduction in CVD associated mortality rates.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Healthy People. (2014). Heart Disease and Stroke. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from ODPHP: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/heart-disease-and-stroke

Mazidi, M., & Speakman, J. R. (2018). Association of Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Densities With Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, and the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(11), 1-13.

Milio, N. (1976). A framework for prevention: changing health-damaging to health-generating life patterns. American Journal of Public Health, 66(5), 435-439. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1653306/

Nies, M. A., & McEwen, M. (2019). Community/Public Health Nursing (7th ed.). Saunders.

PRCHN. (2013). Franklin County: Full Health Indicators Report. Cleveland, OH: Prevention Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.prchn.org/Downloads/CHNA%20Franklin%20County.pdf

Purdy, N. (2018, January 5). Recreation and Fitness Facility Access. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from Healthy Franklin county: http://www.healthyfranklincounty.org/recreation-and-fitness-facility-access

Sharifi, N., & Amani, R. (2015). Nutritional interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors: an Iranian perspective. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, 7, 51-60.

Hernandez Genogram Paper

Hernandez Genogram

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Hernandez Genogram

A genogram is described as a display of individual family qualities or traits, medical history, and relationship. A genogram is different from a traditional family tree, which includes mother, father, and children. It provides detailed hereditary pattern and psychological aspects, which can help relationships. It can be used in several ways in the family. According to Chanist (2017), genogram can be used in the identification of a recurring pattern, behavior and other hereditary tendencies within a family system. It will provide an illustration of three generations and the way these family generations interact with one another. A family ancestry or lineage is a good sign of why a specific person may be acting or do what they do. However, this paper will provide detailed of genogram, identify the element of Hernandez’s family, which might have influenced the way Juan and Hernandez solve their issues with social workers. And it finally provides an illustration of how genogram can help address the needs of the Hernandez family.

A genogram of the Hernandez family

The Hernandez is a very young family comprises of Juan and Elena who are married Latino couples. Juan is 27 years old and Elena is 25 years. However, the two couples were referred to New York City Administration for Children Services (ACS) o solve a case of abuse allegations. Elena and Juan are having two children Juan Jnr who is eight (8) years old and Alberto who is six (6) years old. The couples got married immediately after the birth of their first son Juan Jnr seven (7) years ago. Both couples were born in Puerto Rico and grew up in Queens, New York. Elena worked as a baby sitter for one family in New York, while Juan worked at the airport in the luggage section. Physically the couples are fit although Elena has been diagnosed with diabetes while Juan is suffering from lower back pain, which could be as a result of loading and unloading of luggage at the airport. Elena and Juan Hernandez drink socially with friends possibly twice a month. They do not have any sign of drug abuse and none of them smoke. Although they identify themselves as Catholics, they rarely attend church service. It is also noted that Juan was arrested as a juvenile for a petty theft a long time ago but the record has been expunged from the records.

The ACS was reached after Juan Jnr, described to their teachers the kind of punishment, which his parents exposed him to. He illustrated that his parents asked him to kneel down for hours while carrying encyclopedia CITATION Plung \l 1033 (Plummer, Makris, Brocksen, & Patterson, 2014). The manner which they punish their children were not impressive and therefore, they were invited so that the issue could be resolved. It is also important to point that Juan and Elena had little formal education and therefore, mostly worked for little pay until Juan was promoted to the position of a manager at the Connery Company. However, at the ACS the couples admitted to having used inappropriate kind of punishment and therefore, the social workers at the center asked them to attend a family session at the center CITATION Bro14 \l 1033 (Brocksen, Makris, & Beth Plummer, 2014). However, the fact that Elena and Juan were asked to attend parenting session did not make them happy, they argue that they were given similar punishment when they were young. It is, therefore, evident that the historical treatment of Elena and Juan by their parents is what influencing their behavior hence the kind of punishment they give their children.

Factor influence how Juan and Elena handle issues with social workers

Elena and Juan were raised from a humble background where mostly their parents used to give them, punishment and therefore, they adopted a similar practice and using to punish their children Juan Jnr and Alberto. It is evident that when they were asked by social workers why they gave such punishment to Juan Jnr CITATION Plung \l 1033 (Plummer, Makris, Brocksen, & Patterson, 2014). They replied that they used to give a similar kind of punishment when they were kinds by their parents. It is, therefore, evident that their family background or history and the way they were raised are some of the factors, which influence how Elena and Juan Snr handle issues with social workers at ACS center. Both Juan and Elena used to be given heavy punishment and therefore, them asking their children to hold a book is not a big punishment and therefore, it makes them angry that they were called to the center. Elena and Juan used to be canned by their parents using switch and belt. This makes them believe that giving heavy punishment to their children is a normal thing. This is likely to influence how they address the problem with social workers since the couples giving punishment like holding a book is a big deal and it is the best mode of punishment. On the same hand, the ACS social workers believe that Elena and Juan are not giving their children the right punishment and holding a heavy book is torture.

Genogram to solve the problem of the Hernandez family

Hernandez family was raised in a hostile environment and therefore, this made them develop an angry altitude or hostile. It is noted that Juan and Elena were born in Puerto Rico and trace their root to Mexico and therefore, their behavior or actions are influenced by their parents’ actions when they were young. However, the genogram, which could help in solving the problem, which the two are having, would be linked to proper parenting with not beating. Either Juan or Elena would have come from another family. For instance, Elena would have born and grew up in a white family, especially born in New York and raised in New York as well. A different behavior would have been introduced. The anger would be different since the way either parent was raised would have been different. It is noted that the way an individual has raised influences how a person behaves and therefore, with

Since the problem of Juan's family related to the way, they were raised up. The genogram where a different family setup is coming together to work with them would be the best way to solve the problem. It would be advisable to put the two couples with other families to work together so that they can learn some other ways of addressing the problem. This would include a combined session within the ACS center with other family members, house visit so that they can learn how to address children issues from other families.

In conclusion, most character traits are inheritance or hereditary and therefore, a family way of solving problems can exist with a generation for a longer time. Juan and Elena ways of doing things are basically influenced by the way they were raised and this could be realized on anyone who was raised the way Juan and Elena were raised. However, the social workers would work very well with the couples after understanding their history and through collaboration and group discussion on parenting and other family issues, the problem existing between the Juan, Elena, and their children would be addressed.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Brocksen, S. M., Makris, S., & Beth Plummer, S. (2014). Session Case history. Columbia: Laureate International Universities Publishing, Inc.

Chavis1, A. M. (2017). Genograms and African American Families: Employing Family Strengths of Spirituality, Religion, and Extended Family Network. The genogram, 2-38.

Hernández-Wolfe, P. (2015). A Borderlands View on Latinos, Latin Americans, and Decolonization ... New York: Pearson.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen, S., & Patterson, R. (2014). Sessions: Case histories: Juan and Elena. Baltimore: Laureate International Universities Publishing.

Zastrow, C., & Kirst-Ashman, P. (2016). Understanding human behavior and the social environment. Boston: Cengage Learning.

HERODOTUS' STORY OF CROESUS AND SOLON

Herodotus’ Story of Croesus and Solon

Name

Date

Herodotus was a Greek historian, writer, and geographer, he was also considered as the first writer who systematically treated historical topics. He was named as the father of history, because he wrote on the topics of history with a more comprehensive approach. The analytical methodology was his apparatuses for investigation. He introduced analytical reasoning in his writings and tried to figure out the cause and effects of different events on the bases of events that occurred in the distant past. Herodotus wrote a book called Histories. The word Historie is a Greek word that means investigation. He wrote the History of Persian wars and highlighted the importance of these wars for future development. According to Herodotus, the purpose of his Histories was to write on the great works of Greeks, so that these works would not be forgotten.

Herodotus was a historian who did not always put forward, his views directly. He mostly deployed his descriptions to specify his opinions. In the story of Solon and Croesus, Herodotus puts forward his views in two different ways. He expressed his opinions directly by providing an analytical statement. He also narrated his thinking indirectly and implicitly by using literary strategies. Solon made three major points in front of King Croesus. First, he argued that the gods were always jealous of the human race and they tried to create difficulties and problems for humans. Secondly, Solon claimed that human happiness could not be stable because the gods were not happy with humans and they would try to destabilize their happiness. Finally, Solon put forward the idea that humanity could not become happy, until he ended his life in a good manner.

Solon did not directly explain the characteristics of a happy end to one's life. He used the examples of three different persons to explain his philosophy of a happy ending. Tellus was an old man who lived in Athens. He had his family and was economically well off. Tellus helped Athens in the battle and fought the war with courage and bravery. He died in the battle and buried with love and honor. Solon declared it a happy ending because he lived a moderate life and died with courage. He earned the public’s love and respect. Solon also described the stories of Cleobis and Biton as an example of a happy ending. They both died in a temple at a very young age, as a result of their mother’s prayer. Solon declared their lives less competed as compared to the life of Tellus ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"UJta20n3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Shapiro 1996)","plainCitation":"(Shapiro 1996)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":992,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/PN95X9ZJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/PN95X9ZJ"],"itemData":{"id":992,"type":"article-journal","title":"Herodotus and Solon","container-title":"Classical Antiquity","page":"348-364","volume":"15","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Shapiro","given":"Susan O."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1996"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Shapiro 1996). But all of these three shared one similarity which was the happy ending of life. They all died soon after the completion of a life goal and succeeded to get love and respect from the public. In Solon's point of view, a happy end of life meant a death in the company of your friends and family. In this way, a man could live longer in the hearts of others. In Solon's point of view, the gods were jealous of the happiness of Croesus. Herodotus did not directly give his point of view, over the matter of jealousy. Instead, he used the views of Solon to express himself. Herodotus narrated the story of the downfall of Croesus, soon after the speech of Solon ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"h592IKvv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Pelling 2006)","plainCitation":"(Pelling 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":991,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZXMAFM82"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZXMAFM82"],"itemData":{"id":991,"type":"article-journal","title":"Educating Croesus: Talking and Learning in Herodotus' Lydian {Logos","container-title":"Classical Antiquity","page":"141-177","volume":"25","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Pelling","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Pelling 2006). This fact indicated that Herodotus indirectly shared the views of Solon.

Herodotus indirectly and implicitly advocated the views of Solon. Croesus exceeded the limits of human happiness and invited the god’s jealousy that could destabilize him. He ignored the advice of Solon and considered himself as the happiest person among them all. After some time, there was a series of incidents that took place and became a source of Croesus's downfall. Herodotus implicitly put forward the Greek traditional mythology that gods were not like the excessive amount of happiness with a person and they cursed the person who tried to cross the human limits. There was divine jealousy that became the source of Croesus's downfall. Solon advised the Croesus not to judge any person’s happiness without considering the end of life. This was the end of life that determined the quality and happiness of a human ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hW1o5lr4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kindt 2006)","plainCitation":"(Kindt 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":989,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/KKARXDQA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/KKARXDQA"],"itemData":{"id":989,"type":"article-journal","title":"Delphic Oracle stories and the beginning of historiography: Herodotus’ Croesus logos","container-title":"Classical Philology","page":"34-51","volume":"101","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Kindt","given":"Julia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kindt 2006). The human fortunate was unstable and it changed over time. Regardless of the quality of life a person spent, he could only be considered as a happy person if he got a good end. Herodotus agreed with Solon's view that a person could get a good end only if he spent life in moderate means and accomplished his greatest achievement. A person’s death could be considered as good only if he got permanent honor and respect from society.

In his investigation of Persian wars, he started his work chronologically. He first stated the hostilities that had existed between East and West in the distant past. Then he followed these hostilities down to the time of conflict. He tried to explain the nature of the clash by investigating the past relationship between the two parties. Herodotus included astronomy, folktales, geography, and ethnography in the subject of history and wrote an extraordinary work for literature that had yet to be completed in its exceptionality. Herodotus made his writings interesting and entertaining for the readers by including the traditional folk stories and practices of ancient cultures.

Herodotus named Persians as Eastern nations and Greek as the Western nation. The war between Persians and Greeks was declared as the war between the so-called East and West. Herodotus explored the bone of contention between the two nations and found the reasons of a missing event. The Phoenician traders stole a Greek woman that gave birth to hostility among the nations. Herodotus claimed that the conflict between East and West had deep roots in time and space. Herodotus could be seen as the first writer who tried to explore and explain the relationship of Greeks with the far beyond nations and territories. He considered himself at the center of the world and analyze the geography of other nations as compared to the location of Greece. He considered Delphi as the center of the earth and the equator passed through the mountains of Delphi and Taurus. The Equator divided the world into two symmetric halves. Herodotus’s knowledge of geography was inversely proportionate to the distance of that specific place from central Greece.

India was considered the most distant nation known to the Greeks. Herodotus explained the differences between the so-called eastern and western cultures. The Greeks could never eat the dead bodies of their forefathers. While many tribes in India consume their dead parents. Arabia was considered as the land of ancient and secretive spices. The male goat was the most common domestic animal in Arabia that was used to get milk and meat. The Greeks never like it because of its unbearable smell. The Greeks did not have direct and easy access to the East. There were fold stories that became part of history. Most of the Arabian and Eastern stories reached Greece by the Phoenicians. Phoenicians were traders and they used to move between East and West. In the same way, Ethiopia was considered as the land of gold. Ethiopian land was full of wooden trees. The Greeks assumed that the Ethiopian people were very tall and they lived very long lives. Libya was explored by the Greeks around the mid of 8th century BC and it was considered as the land of wild animals. Herodotus assumed certain characteristics of the Eastern lands and people. Eastern people were considered very backward in the use of technology as compared to the technological advancement in Greece. They live on raw foods like milk and meat from different animals. Their lands were full of different types of wild creatures. Herodotus compared Eastern culture with the culture of Greeks. He admired some cultural norms of the East but mostly he declared Eastern culture as abnormal and against true human nature. He studied different societies like Egypt, India, Arabia, Lydia, and Palestine. Most of their population lived in small groups and tribes. Each tribe had its socio-cultural norms.

Herodotus was the writer and philosopher who did not always put his views directly forward. Sometimes he used an analytical approach for providing his point of view and sometimes he used indirect and implicit approaches for the advancement of his views. In the story of Croesus and Solon, he indirectly spread the thoughts of Solon. Implicitly, he agreed with all three of the claims of Solon. He indirectly agreed that gods were jealous of humankind and they tried to disrupt their happiness. Due to this divine hostility of gods, human happiness was very unstable and vulnerable. Just like a man's happiness, human life was also unstable. In an unstable life, no one could judge the other person's happiness level throughout his life. It was the end of a human that decided the true nature of human life. A good end could be considered as a good and happy life and vice versa. It increased the respect and honor of a person in society.

Bibliography

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Kindt, Julia. 2006. “Delphic Oracle Stories and the Beginning of Historiography: Herodotus’ Croesus Logos.” Classical Philology 101 (1): 34–51.

Pelling, Christopher. 2006. “Educating Croesus: Talking and Learning in Herodotus’ Lydian {Logos.” Classical Antiquity 25 (1): 141–77.

Shapiro, Susan O. 1996. “Herodotus and Solon.” Classical Antiquity 15 (2): 348–64.

HLTENN011 Implement And Monitor Care For A Person With Acute Health Problems

HLTENN011 Implement and monitor care for a person with acute health problems

[Name]

[Institution]

[Date]

HLTENN011 Implement and monitor care for a person with acute health problems

Attention Students:This is an editable word document.This word copy of assessment is for student to work offline. Please DO NOT upload this document in Student Hub. You can copy and paste answers from this word document to your online assessment.

Assessments

Student

:

Mariama Kamara - S1711554

Course

:

Diploma of Nursing

Course Offer

:

17NDONB11

Course Unit

:

HLTENN011 Implement and monitor care for a person with acute health problems

Assessment type

:

Theory Assessment

List 5(five) sign or symptoms of an Acute Renal disorder

Acute kidney failure occurred when the kidneys are unable to filter the unwanted product from the blood vessels (Albright Jr, 2001). The common sign and symptoms are:

Fluid retention results in the swelling in the ankles or feet

Decreased output of urine

Fatigue

Shortness of breath

Nausea (Meroney, Lawson, Rubini, & Carbone, 1956).

List 5(five) nursing interventions for the management of acute diarrhea

Nursing intervention for the management of acute diarrhea includes:

Assessment of abdominal discomfort, liquid stools, urgency, cramping, and hyperactive bowel sensations.

Nurses have to evaluate the defecation patterns in order to have direct treatment. The stool will be tested by the nurse to find out potential etiologic organisms.

Nurse should be investigating about the tolerance of the patient to dairy products as diarrhea is a sign of lactose intolerance.

Nursing intervention also includes the check-up for food intolerance of the patient, as some foot increases the osmotic pressure of the intestine.

Recommendation of medication such as antibiotic can also be included in nursing intervention for the management of acute diarrhea (Wayne, BSN, & R.N., 2017).

3.  Myocardial Infarction

3.1

List 3(three) signs or symptoms for a suspected Myocardial Infarction

Acute myocardial Infraction is a medical term for heart attack and the common symptoms for suspected myocardial infarctions are

Pain in the chest, jaw, back and other areas of the upper body that goes away and come back or lasts for more than a few minutes.

Sweating

shortness of breath (Barefoot & Schroll, 1996).

3.2

List 3(three) nursing interventions for a suspected Myocardial Infarction

Nursing Intervention:

Treatment of acute coronary syndrome by the help of morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerine, and aspirin (MONA).

Assessing a 12 lead ECG on the chest of someone having chest pain to find out whether an ST elevated MI is happening or not. The ECG results are normal then, the patient should be assessed through cardiac monitoring.

Nursing intervention can also include the cardiac catheterization and monitoring of blood pressure (“Nursing Care Plan for Myocardial Infarction (MI),” n.d.).

4.  Mr John has been admitted to the Emergency Department with chronic Pneumonia and severe dehydration

4.1

Define pneumonia (25-50 words)

Pneumonia is an infection that affects one or both lungs. It intensifies the air sacs in the lungs and in sometimes the air sac is filled with pus or fluid causing cough, chills, fever, and difficulty in breathing. Pneumonia is caused by microorganisms like viruses, fungi, and bacteria. It can vary in seriousness from mild to acute life-threating illness (Van Der Sluis et al., 2014).

4.2

List 4(four) nursing diagnosis according to priority

Nursing diagnosis according to priority:

Problem-focused diagnosis is about the clinical judgment that concerns the response of a human to a health condition

Health promotion diagnosis focuses on the desire and motivation to improve the well-being of the patient. The health promotion diagnoses include risk-prone behavior, sedentary lifestyle, and readiness for the status of enhanced immunization.

Risk nursing diagnosis is the third one and it looks at the vulnerability of the patient for developing a reaction to some specific health condition. It requires some finding regarding the risk factors like obesity, smoking, and advanced age.

Syndrome is the final nursing diagnosis and identifies the special group of diagnosis that makes a pattern and can be addressed with the help of similar nursing interventions. For example, a risk of ineffective cerebral or cardiac tissue perfusion (Carpenito-Moyet, 2006).

4.3

List 3(three) possible Nursing Diagnosis for severe dehydration

Possible Nursing Diagnosis for severe dehydration

Report of no urine for max 4 hours.

Report of vomiting

Lethargy, fussiness, and irritability(Gulanick et al., 1986).

4.4

List 3(three) nursing interventions

Nursing intervention

Asses Vitals like taking notes of the presence of fever, elevated breathing or heartbeat or dehydration

Examination of skin for the symptoms of dehydration.

Monition the output and intake of the patient to find out the fluid balance in the body ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dEbJkJVc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gulanick et al., 1986)","plainCitation":"(Gulanick et al., 1986)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":170,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/EWcKoWvh/items/UB6DHXEZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/EWcKoWvh/items/UB6DHXEZ"],"itemData":{"id":170,"type":"book","title":"Nursing care plans: nursing diagnosis and intervention","publisher":"Mosby","ISBN":"0-8016-3361-3","author":[{"family":"Gulanick","given":"Meg"},{"family":"Myers","given":"Judith L."},{"family":"Klopp","given":"Audrey"},{"family":"Gradishar","given":"Deidra"},{"family":"Galanes","given":"Sue"},{"family":"Puzas","given":"Michele Knoll"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1986"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gulanick et al., 1986).

5.  Burns

5.1

Using the Rule of Nines, estimate the percentage of burns for a person with second degree burns to both arms and chest.

Rule of nine:

The rule of nine estimates the percentage of burns in a human body and is useful to make treatment decisions. If both the arms and chest are burned then the percentage of burn according to the rule of nine would be 81 per cent. As both arms have a percentage of 4.5 each and chest’s percentage is 9 (Wachtel, Berry, Wachtel, & Frank, 2000).

5.2

List the three phases of psychological intervention planning you would implement in a burn case

Critical stage:

The characteristic of this face includes the stress, struggle for survival and uncertainty about the result of the treatment. The primary goal of this face is physical survival through various defense mechanism applied by the care center.

Acute stage:

That focusses on the restorative care, but the patient will continue to have painful treatment.

Long term rehabilitation face:

Begins after discharge from hospital and include patient’s physical rehabilitation, surgery or dressing element for a patient recovering from severe burns (Wiechman & Patterson, 2004).

6.  List three nursing interventions for the following Nursing Diagnosis related to burn management

Nursing Diagnosis

Nursing Management

6.1

Promoting Gas Exchange and Airway ClearanceNursing intervention could be encouraging patients to take a deep breath

Monitor that rate, effort, depth, and rhythm and of respiration

Nursing intervention could be the monitor the cough and respiratory secretion (Greenfield, 2010a).

6.2

Restoring fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Nurse can be responsible for the complete blood count of the patient and will be checking the increasing and decreasing hematocrit value.

Screening test should be done to check the plasma level of an electrolyte like potassium, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

The pH of urine and be checked and should be between4.6 and 8.2(Rogenes & Moylan, 1976).

6.3

Maintaining Normal Body Temperature:

Covering up the head of the patient will help to minimize the loss of heat from the body

Room temperature should be kept elevated by the nurse to increase the patient’s body temperature.

Nurse intervention should also be included avoiding wet dressing and the usage of lukewarm water to maintain body temperature (Burns, Wojnakowski, Piotrowski, & Caraffa, 2009).

6.4

Minimizing Pain and Anxiety

Detailed pain assessment can be done, and should be continued in a regular interval.

Nurses need to concentrate on stress-free pain management and psychological assessment of the patient and the family can be done.

Patient response to the pain management plan is checked and actions are taken accordingly (Greenfield, 2010b).

7.  Outline 2(two) examples of post-operative education for a client who has had a Total Hip Replacement and will soon be discharged

Problem

Post-operative discharge education

7.1

Pain management

For the management of pain, the patient pain assessment should be done and the list of pain medication should be reconciled. Post-operative education for the patient could be to take the timely anti-inflammatory drug and not to sit in a position that can increase the pain (de Leon, 2016).

7.2

Wound care

Post-operative discharge education to patient regarding wound manage could be continuously changing the dressing of the wound to keep it safe from getting the infection by taking medication on time (de Leon, 2016).

7.3

Potential complications

Physical therapy is important to minimize the potential complication after hip replacement and antibiotic should be taken during, after or before any invasive procedure (de Leon, 2016).

8.  A client returned from theatre 20 minutes ago post bowel surgery with a GCS of 15. On examination of this client you find that their GCS has dropped to 10.

8.1

What will you do?

If the patient is having a GCS of 10 then it means that the patient is in severe dysfunction. In that situation, I would try to manage his or safety. I would try to wake the patient up with the help of clear and loud vocal voice to check the patient response to that stimuli. I would also elicit a pain response by pushing behind the era (Basauhra Singh et al., 2016).

8.2

What are the possible causes?

The level of lowering of GCS can drop du to any injury in brain and in this case the patient will not be given proper airway management.

8.3

List 4(four) members of the Emergency Response Team.

Doctors

Nurses

Respiratory therapist

Pharmacists (Basauhra Singh et al., 2016).

9.  Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

9.1

What is TPN? (15 -30 words)

Total parenteral nutrition full fill the requirements of all-day nutrients. It is a method of feeding through the gastrointestinal tract. A specific formula is followed to give the body enough nutrients that it wants.

9.2

When would it be used? (30-60 words)

The methods can be used by some who is unable to take food or fluid through the mouth. It can be used both at home and in hospital. The doctor will choose the right amount of TPN solutions and calories. The cathedral will also be checked whether. It can be used by the patient with GI tract (Goldstein, Braitman, & Levine, 2000).

9.3

How is it administered (30-60 words)?

TPN can be administrated by a doctor and the water required for the solution should BE kept between 30-40 milliliter. Critical ill patients need 45 kcal of energy and children will be needing a different concentration of a fluid. Normally 2L of the solution is needed daily and can be modified upon laboratory testing (Goldstein, Braitman, & Levine, 2000).

9.4

List 4(four) signs and symptoms to watch for at the insertion site?

Bloodstream infection related to catheter also called sepsis should be taken care of. Aseptic technique should be strictly followed with insertion

The localized infection could be experienced at the entry and exit site.

Pneumothorax can happen if the catheter touched the pleural space

Hyperglycemia should be checked after the insertion (Goldstein, Braitman, & Levine, 2000).

10.  Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/CPAP

10.1

List 4(four) nursing interventions for a client diagnosed with Sleep Apnoea and receiving CPAP

Nurse can take care of the ventilation setting to check the Inspiratory and expiratory pressure.

Oxygen therapy should be applied to ease breathing

Humidification is also needed in case of Sleep Apnoea

Regular oral hygiene needs to be improved (Mansfield, Antic, & McEvoy, 2013)

10.2

When would it be necessary to consult with an RN regarding a client diagnosed with Sleep Apnoea and receiving CPAP?

The patient who would be in high risk of adverse health outcomes should be consulting with RN.

If the patient needs to improve life condition like the patient might want some advice on diet, weight loss or exercise, reduce alcohol intake or wants to quit smoking can consult RN (Mansfield, Antic, & McEvoy, 2013)

11.  AnesthesiaList 3(three) complications of the following:

11.1

Complications of General Anesthesia

Dizziness

Temporary confusion

Memory loss (Galbraith, McGloughlin, & Cashman, 2018).

11.2

Complications of Spinal Anesthesia

Urinary retention

Infectious co plications

Hematologic complications (Galbraith, McGloughlin, & Cashman, 2018).

11.3

Local Anesthesia

Paresthesia

Infection

Complications that occur from the blockage of nerve in that area (Eke & Thompson, 2007).

11.4

Epidural Anesthesia

Low blood pressure

Itchy skin

Loss of bladder control (Wulf, 1996).

11.5

Peripheral nerve block

Bleeding

Nerve injury

LAST (Fredrickson & Kilfoyle, 2009).

12.  Pre and Post-operative Nursing The following question relate to a 56 years old man with a History of Diabetes, HT and smoking. They are having a R) Below Knee Amputation (BKA).

12.1

What psychological challenges are likely for a BKA? (15 -30 words)

Post-traumatic stress disorder is seen in a patient with BKA with a patient who had surgery due to burning, suicidal attempt or injury. A number of problems that re related to body image appears after BKA. Mutilation anxiety might also affect the patient (Bradway, Malone, Racy, Leal, & Poole, 1984).

12.2

List 4(four) pre-operative nursing interventions

Pre-operative nursing interventions

Communication with the patient and make them feel easy before the operation

The patient should be briefed on the routine they are going to expect.

Patient’s pre-operative question should be heard and noted down by the nurse.

Baseline pf the patient be recorder and general anesthesia will be given (Vera, BSN, & R.N., 2013).

12.3

List 4(four) post-operative nursing interventions for a client with Below Knee Amputation

Post-operative nursing interventions

Encourage the patient to perform the advised exercises

Stump care will be given by taking care of the wounds.

Measuring the process of the patient periodically

Nee extension should be maintained (Vera, BSN, & R.N., 2013).

References

Albright Jr, R. C. (2001). Acute renal failure: A practical update. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76, 67–74. Elsevier.

Basauhra Singh, H. K. a/p, Chong, M. C., Thambinayagam, H. C. a/l, Zakaria, M. I. bin, Cheng, S. T., Tang, L. Y., & Azahar, N. H. (2016). Assessing Nurses Knowledge of Glasgow Coma Scale in Emergency and Outpatient Department. Nursing Research and Practice, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8056350

Bradway, J. K., Malone, J. M., Racy, J., Leal, J. M., & Poole, J. (1984). Psychological adaptation to amputation: An overview. Orthotics and Prosthetics, 38(3), 46–50.

Burns, S. M., Wojnakowski, M., Piotrowski, K., & Caraffa, G. (2009). Unintentional hypothermia: Implications for perianesthesia nurses. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 24(3), 167–176.

Carpenito-Moyet, L. J. (2006). Nursing diagnosis: Application to clinical practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

de Leon, E. (2016). Managing Postoperative Pain for Timely Discharge of Total Hip Replacement Patients.

Eke, T., & Thompson, J. R. (2007). Serious complications of local anaesthesia for cataract surgery: A 1 year national survey in the United Kingdom. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 91(4), 470–475.

Fredrickson, M. J., & Kilfoyle, D. H. (2009). Neurological complication analysis of 1000 ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blocks for elective orthopaedic surgery: A prospective study. Anaesthesia, 64(8), 836–844.

Galbraith, A. S., McGloughlin, E., & Cashman, J. (2018). Enhanced recovery protocols in total joint arthroplasty: A review of the literature and their implementation. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-), 187(1), 97–109.

Goldstein, M., Braitman, L. E., & Levine, G. M. (2000). The medical and financial costs associated with termination of a nutrition support nurse. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 24(6), 323–327.

Greenfield, E. (2010a). The pivotal role of nursing personnel in burn care. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery: Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 43(Suppl), S94.

Greenfield, E. (2010b). The pivotal role of nursing personnel in burn care. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 43(Suppl), S94–S100. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.70728

Mansfield, D. R., Antic, N. A., & McEvoy, R. D. (2013). How to assess, diagnose, refer and treat adult obstructive sleep apnoea: A commentary on the choices. The Medical Journal of Australia, 199(8), S21–S26. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja13.10909

Meroney, W. H., Lawson, N. L., Rubini, M. E., & Carbone, J. V. (1956). Some observations of the behavior of amylase in relation to acute renal insufficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, 255(7), 315–320.

Nursing Care Plan for Myocardial Infarction (MI). (n.d.). Retrieved August 7, 2019, from NRSNG Academy website: https://academy.nrsng.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-myocardial-infarction-mi/

Nursing Care Plan for Vomiting / Diarrhea—NRSNG Academy. (n.d.). Retrieved August 7, 2019, from https://academy.nrsng.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-vomiting-diarrhea/

Rogenes, P. R., & Moylan, J. A. (1976). Restoring fluid balance in the patient with severe burns. The American Journal of Nursing, 1953–1957.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)—Nutritional Disorders. (n.d.). Retrieved August 7, 2019, from MSD Manual Professional Edition website: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/nutritional-disorders/nutritional-support/total-parenteral-nutrition-tpn

Van Der Sluis, P. C., Verhage, R. J., Van Der Horst, S., Van Der Wal, W. M., Ruurda, J. P., & Van Hillegersberg, R. (2014). A new clinical scoring system to define pneumonia following esophagectomy for cancer. Digestive Surgery, 31(2), 108–116.

Vera, M., BSN, & R.N. (2013, July 13). 4 Amputation Nursing Care Plans. Retrieved August 7, 2019, from Nurseslabs website: https://nurseslabs.com/4-amputation-nursing-care-plans/

Wachtel, T. L., Berry, C. C., Wachtel, E. E., & Frank, H. A. (2000). The inter-rater reliability of estimating the size of burns from various burn area chart drawings. Burns, 26(2), 156–170.

Wayne, G., BSN, & R.N. (2017, January 15). Diarrhea – Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan. Retrieved August 7, 2019, from Nurseslabs website: https://nurseslabs.com/diarrhea/

Wiechman, S. A., & Patterson, D. R. (2004). Psychosocial aspects of burn injuries. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 329(7462), 391–393.

Wulf, H. (1996). Epidural anaesthesia and spinal haematoma. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 43(12), 1260–1271.

How Can The Sex Trafficking Rate Be Reduced In Communities By Law Enforcement And What Actions Are Necessary To Make Them Possible?

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Date]

Annotated Bibliography

Breuil, Brenda Carina Oude, et al. "Human trafficking revisited: legal, enforcement and ethnographic narratives on sex trafficking to Western Europe." Trends in Organized Crime 14.1 (2011): 30-46.

The author Brenda along with her fellow researchers in their research paper investigated the ways by which victims and perpetrators are imagined in the context of females who have been trafficked to various parts of West Europe. The authors focused on three domains that are local law enforcement, ethnographic academic perspective and national law to analyze the perspective of people regarding sex trafficking. According to the author, the narratives of legal law enforcement diverge from the ethnographic narratives. Thus, there is a need to consider all three narratives to mitigate the issue of sex-trafficking. This will encourage realistic and locally adapted law enforcement practices.

Davy, Deanna. "Anti–human trafficking interventions: how do we know if they are working?." American journal of evaluation 37.4 (2016): 486-504.

The author Deanna Davy in her research discusses the issue of sex trafficking that is prevalent in our society. According to the author, many interventions are proposed earlier yet most of them were not evaluate to test their effectiveness. A quality evaluation serves as a key to determine whether the objectives of the interventions were fulfilled or not. Additionally, the author highlighted that the data collection techniques and evaluation methods of anti-trafficking programs have been insufficient. Although several challenges such as hidden victim populations are faces by the evaluators while evaluating anti-trafficking interventions yet still there is a huge need to examine the intervention closely before deploying it. Specifically, imposing evaluation requirements on organizations that are within the project funding arrangement can help in making policies and interventions that can reduce sex-trafficking.

Kotrla, Kimberly. "Domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States." Social work 55.2 (2010): 181-187.

The author Kimberly Kotrla in her research highlighted the issue of minor sex trafficking in the US. According to the author, there has been an alarming increase in the issue of child sex trafficking. This heinous practice exists in the US is all because of the principle of supply and demand. Thousands of American children are subjected to commercial sexual exploitation because there exists an increasing demand for them in the market. Additionally, the author also discussed the factor of cultural tolerance. According to the author, in the Netherlands, Jamaica, US, and Japan the reason for increased child sex trafficking is due to the culture that supports sex traffic markets. The author also proposed several interventions such as practice and agency-based responses and the need for awareness among people to reduce child sex trafficking.

Litam, Stacey Diane A. "Human Sex Trafficking in America: What Counselors Need to Know." Professional Counselor 7.1 (2017): 45-61.

The author Stacey in her research paper discussed the social justice issue of human sex trafficking. According to her, sex trafficking is a form of modern slavery. Furthermore, she highlighted several factors that are the reason for the widespread of this issue. The author discussed the association of location with sex trafficking. The author highlighted that people belonging from third world countries are the ones have a large supply of victims. This is because mostly underdeveloped countries due to poverty, war and other social crisis and therefore sex traffickers can lure victims by promising them a safe future. The author also discussed inter and intrapersonal risk factors. According to her females are more likely to become a target of sex traffickers due to their huge demand. Thus, there is a need to treat the victims of sex trafficking effectively to help them cope up with the trauma.

Market, Finding‘Common Ground’in Drug, et al. "Sex Trafficking: Identifying Cases and Victims."

The author Robert Moody in his research paper discussed the role of law enforcement agencies in mitigating the issue of sex trafficking. According to the author, although congress created laws regarding sex trafficking yet still the issue is prevailing in our society. In these circumstances, there is an immense need to educate and aware of law enforcement agencies regarding this issue. The author provided examples of several case studies in which police officers had encounters with the sex traffickers many times but were failed to identify them. Due to this reason many sex traffickers were not caught red-handedly on time. This because of a lack of awareness and plan. According to the author, many sex traffickers were caught due to the information provided by the anonymous. Thus, developing a proper confidential system and educating law enforcement officers can help to prevent sex trafficking.

Sanchez, Rosario, and Sharon W. Stark. "The hard truth about human trafficking." Nursing management 45.1 (2014): 18-23.

The author Rosario along with her fellow researcher Sharon in described sex trafficking as modern slavery in her article According to the author, victims of sex trafficking are only subjected to sexual abuse but they had to face emotional and physical abuse as well. This results in serious health issue especially, child victims are more to develop several mental disorders when they are subjected to reduce. Additionally, forensic nurses can help a lot in improving the health of the victims however law enforcement agencies must educate people regarding this issue as well. According to the author, several policies are there that can reduce sex trafficking yet there is a need for collective efforts from both law enforcement agencies, healthcare departments, and communities to mitigate the issue of sex trafficking.

Samarasinghe, Vidyamali, and Barbara Burton. "Strategising prevention: A critical review of local initiatives to prevent female sex trafficking." Development in Practice 17.1 (2007): 51-64.

The author vidyamali along with her fellow researchers discussed several local initiatives to prevent female sex trafficking. According to the author, due to macro-economic reforms, females can attain new paid jobs that also increased women’s mobility across the borders. However, owing to the economic vulnerabilities, sex traffickers are exploiting women by luring them and promising them to get highly paid jobs. Furthermore, the author focused on the prevention of sex trafficking by recommending, anti-trafficking training sessions for both law enforcement officials and community people so that people can get awareness regarding this issue. Specifically, females residing in third world countries must be educated so that they can protect themselves from sex traffickers.

Wilson, Jeremy M., and Erin Dalton. "Human trafficking in the heartland: Variation in law enforcement awareness and response." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 24.3 (2008): 296-313.

The author Jeremy in his research paper discussed the characteristics of human trafficking for sexual exploitation. The author further limited the research by selecting states like Ohio, Columbus and Toledo to determine the causes of sex trafficking and the role of law enforcement officials in each state. The author discussed five different cases and observed that in most of the sex trafficking cases victims were largely from the local area. In contrast, human trafficking for forced labor include victims belonging from foreign countries. The author suggested that there is a need to refine old law enforcement departmental policies and also improved collaboration above different departments of law enforcement agencies to crack down against the sex-traffickers.

Works Cited

Breuil, Brenda Carina Oude, et al. "Human trafficking revisited: legal, enforcement and ethnographic narratives on sex trafficking to Western Europe." Trends in Organized Crime 14.1 (2011): 30-46.

Davy, Deanna. "Anti–human trafficking interventions: how do we know if they are working?." American journal of evaluation 37.4 (2016): 486-504.

Kotrla, Kimberly. "Domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States." Social work 55.2 (2010): 181-187.

Litam, Stacey Diane A. "Human Sex Trafficking in America: What Counselors Need to Know." Professional Counselor 7.1 (2017): 45-61.

Market, Finding‘Common Ground’in Drug, et al. "Sex Trafficking: Identifying Cases and Victims."

Sanchez, Rosario, and Sharon W. Stark. "The hard truth about human trafficking." Nursing management 45.1 (2014): 18-23.

Samarasinghe, Vidyamali, and Barbara Burton. "Strategising prevention: A critical review of local initiatives to prevent female sex trafficking." Development in Practice 17.1 (2007): 51-64.

Wilson, Jeremy M., and Erin Dalton. "Human trafficking in the heartland: Variation in law enforcement awareness and response." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 24.3 (2008): 296-313.

How Can The Sex Trafficking Rate Be Reduced In Communities By Law Enforcement And What Actions Are Necessary To Make Them Possible?

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Sex-Trafficking

Outline

Introduction

Hook: Sex-trafficking is an international social problem that gives rise to illegal trade and crimes in a society.

Transition: Many people are becoming victims of sex trafficking as the traffickers use several tactics to perform this crime.

Thesis Statement: Sex trafficking is the gravest issue in the United States that can be controlled through proper policymaking, education, and awareness.

People involved in this Crime

The rate of people involved in sex-trafficking in the United States

The group of people that is at more risk to get involved in sex-trafficking

Causes

Reasons for the rise of this horrible crime in society

The tactics used by the traffickers to get people involved in this crime

Theories and Effects

The two theories on sex-trafficking (the socioeconomic theory and the feminist theory)

Effects of this issue in the psychological and social lives of people and on the whole nation

Reduction of this crime

The steps that can be taken by the government to reduce sex trafficking and create awareness among people about this rising issue.

Conclusion

The growing epidemic of sex trafficking should be controlled as it is largely exploiting the nation.

Works Cited ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY

Beck, Megan E., et al. “Medical Providers’ Understanding of Sex Trafficking and Their Experience With At-Risk Patients.” Pediatrics, vol. 135, no. 4, Apr. 2015, pp. e895–902. pediatrics.aappublications.org, doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2814.