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Educating Our Students, A Very Challenging Job

Parental Supervision for Adolescent Children

[Name of the Student]

[Course Title: Course Code]

[Name of the Institution]

[Date of Submission]

Parental Supervision for Adolescent Children

The relationship between parents and their adolescent children is complex and calls for good mutual understanding from both sides, at least by the parents. Children who have reached teenage experience changes in different aspects of their personality: physiological, psychological, and social. Parents need to understand the implications of these experiences and deal with their children accordingly. The need for guidance provided by the parents is evident, however, excessive guidance or supervision, such that interfering in every matter, can cause a negative influence on children. Adolescent children will develop a negative attitude toward their parents who try to be over-possessive in terms of supervising or guiding their children through every single matter of life.

Parents care for their children; they want to shelter their children from every bad thing that exists in the world. Their intentions are based on affection, carefulness, and benevolence. They want their children to excel in every aspect of life. Their concerns about the wellbeing of children grow stronger when their children reach teenage. These years are very crucial as these are the building blocks of a successful career. The age of adolescence is sensitive and crucial because the individual undergoes several new experiences of life. Social connections continue to develop. A sense of self keeps up increasing rapidly during these years. The individual develops learning skills at an enormously fast pace. It is the age of building concepts about life and all associated things. The individual becomes goal-oriented and dreams about the coming life. Dependency begins to elude and the adolescent becomes independent gradually. Hence, it is natural that children want privacy, control, and autonomy of their actions.

Parents are almost frightened thinking their children can go astray if not supervised in certain issues such as abuse of the Internet, or drugs. They cannot even think of their children indulging in these social evils. Therefore, they make almost unnecessary efforts to protect them from these evils. Adolescents, on the other hand, find the changed behaviors of their parents embarrassing. They feel a loss of autonomy that directly hurts their developing ego. They also consider the over-scrutinizing attitudes of parents as a question mark against their character. The adolescent children may find the ever-instructing nature of their parents to be derisive. Further, it is quite possible that children get attracted to those things from which their parents have been striving to keep them away. The psychiatrists also endorse the fact that human nature is more inclined to the forbidden things. Therefore, parents must understand all these factors while supervising their children, especially adolescents.

Students have specific needs regarding learning, growth, and personality development. They fulfill these needs by acquiring insights from their external environment. They learn from people including parents, teachers, mentors, and friends. They get informed from books, Internet sources, and events. Every incident of life plays some role in their learning. The community and society have a greater influence on their minds as well. Therefore, a balance between all these sources of learning and inspiration would contribute more to their personality development. Unnecessarily increased instructing behavior of parents will prove to be an unbalancing factor in the overall portfolio of students' learning.

The education of students is a multi-faceted activity that gets completed by the contribution of many different elements existing in one’s environment. Parents are only a part of the overall learning environment that students have in this regard, though they constitute the most privileged part of the learning environment of students. It is, therefore, utterly inappropriate that parents become over-possessive about their children and guide them in every little aspect, neglecting the fact that independent children are more attached to their parents and learn much better than their counterparts.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Effective Counsellors Are Skilled In Specific Approaches, But Most Importantly They Use Skills That Relate To Common Factors Relevant To All Therapeutic Relationships.

Effective counsellors are skilled in specific approaches, but most importantly they use skills that relate to common factors relevant to all therapeutic relationships.

[Authors Name]

Effective counsellors are skilled in specific approaches, but most importantly they use skills that relate to common factors relevant to all therapeutic relationships.

The common factors have a long history in the field of psychiatry ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Wampold</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>240</RecNum><DisplayText>(Wampold, 2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>240</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209779">240</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wampold, Bruce E</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update</title><secondary-title>World Psychiatry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>World Psychiatry</full-title></periodical><pages>270-277</pages><volume>14</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1723-8617</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Wampold, 2015). Common factors include sets of therapeutic elements that are almost common to most of the psychotherapists and collectively shape a theoretical model regarding the mechanism of change in psychotherapy. A psychotherapist can work through those techniques that are usually specific for each therapy and through those that all of the therapies have in common. Throughout the development of counselling, almost 400 popular and distinct counselling schools have evolved in the field of modern counselling. Common factors are an active ingredient that is not specific to any one technique ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Shechtman</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>246</RecNum><DisplayText>(Shechtman, 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>246</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210259">246</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shechtman, Zipora</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Group counseling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents: Theory, research, and practice</title></titles><dates><year>2017</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1351564889</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Shechtman, 2017). Common factors that include expectation and hope for a positive change, motivation, therapeutic alliance, empathy, and extra therapeutic factors are all important for effective counselling. According to the theory of common factors, the relational skill of the therapist and the way of carrying out the therapy sessions are the main contributors to bring change in the client ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Dowling</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>241</RecNum><DisplayText>(Dowling &amp; Rickwood, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>241</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209828">241</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dowling, Mitchell</author><author>Rickwood, Debra</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Exploring hope and expectations in the youth mental health online counselling environment</title><secondary-title>Computers in Human Behavior</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Computers in Human Behavior</full-title></periodical><pages>62-68</pages><volume>55</volume><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>0747-5632</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Dowling & Rickwood, 2016). Common factors are considered to be inherent in all or most of the therapeutic encounters. They are not aligned with any kind of theoretical orientations and techniques as they are humanistic relational factors. One of the main ideas that are behind the theory of common factor is that the process of healing takes place within the therapeutic environment and can be attributed to the practitioner and client relationship. This is not due to the particular techniques and theories that may be imposed ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Maniacci</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>244</RecNum><DisplayText>(Maniacci, Carlson, &amp; Sackett-Maniacci, 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>244</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210082">244</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Maniacci, Michael P</author><author>Carlson, Jon</author><author>Sackett-Maniacci, Laurie</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Neo-Adlerian approaches to psychotherapy</title><secondary-title>The Journal of Individual Psychology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The Journal of Individual Psychology</full-title></periodical><pages>95-109</pages><volume>73</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>2332-0583</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Maniacci, Carlson, & Sackett-Maniacci, 2017).

The concept of hope can be viewed as creating expectation within the client and also the interaction of acting, feeling, relating and thinking towards the positive change. Hope is not only required to keep the client in therapy but also to make the counselling effective. According to the concept of common factors, human beings usually heal through connection and by the act of sense of belonging and social acceptance. There is no defined list of common factors present on which all the researchers are agreed. The common factor plays an important role in effective counselling and the therapeutic relationship. The connection between the therapist and client is considered as one of the most important needed catalysts that are required for the change. However, this connection must be genuine and authentic. The Adlerian theory has linked the therapeutic change with improved mental health ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Manso</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>239</RecNum><DisplayText>(Manso &amp; Rauktis, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>239</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209729">239</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Manso, Ana</author><author>Rauktis, Mary Elizabeth</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>What is the Therapeutic Alliance and Why Does it Matter?</title><secondary-title>Reclaiming Children and Youth</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Reclaiming Children and Youth</full-title></periodical><pages>45</pages><volume>19</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1089-5701</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Manso & Rauktis, 2011). The theory of common factor encompasses the unique relationship between therapist and client that changes with each client and even with the individual sessions. Common factors are usually organic which means that both have concepts and elements that can fit together as a part of a necessary whole.

Common factors are not at all independent entities and practicing one factor without implicating others is not possible. The main idea behind the theory of common factor is that therapist trait such as positive regard, empathy, the expectation of positive change and empathy are the vehicles through which the change have to take place ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Baruth</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>245</RecNum><DisplayText>(Baruth &amp; Manning, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>245</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210198">245</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Baruth, Leroy G</author><author>Manning, M Lee</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Multicultural counseling and psychotherapy: A lifespan approach</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1315659964</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Baruth & Manning, 2016). Common factors theory is not based on a distinct treatment, in fact, the gathering of the concepts and traits have to be incorporated. Patients are provided with the exact information of their disorder and the treatment action that is consistent with the explanation ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Stamoulos</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>242</RecNum><DisplayText>(Stamoulos et al., 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>242</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209963">242</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Stamoulos, Constantina</author><author>Trepanier, Lyane</author><author>Bourkas, Sophia</author><author>Bradley, Stacy</author><author>Stelmaszczyk, Kelly</author><author>Schwartzman, Deborah</author><author>Drapeau, Martin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Psychologists’ perceptions of the importance of common factors in psychotherapy for successful treatment outcomes</title><secondary-title>Journal of Psychotherapy Integration</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Psychotherapy Integration</full-title></periodical><pages>300</pages><volume>26</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1573-3696</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Stamoulos et al., 2016). The common factor perspective does not suggest that a mere relationship with a therapist is enough. According to different studies, it is determined that any therapy with all the common factor ingredients can prove very effective. The therapeutic relationship is considered as most important to the outcome of the therapy treatment. This relationship includes all motivational activities of therapist and client including guilty, humour, hostility and so forth. The common factor creates the therapeutic relationship that is maintained and build between the client and therapist and this type of relationship is very important for effective counselling.

Skills that are required for effective counselling

Empathy and motivation are the two most important skills that are required for effective counselling. Empathy and positive regard are a very important factor that is required for effective counselling. Without empathy and positive regard effective counselling is not at all possible ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Carkhuff</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>243</RecNum><DisplayText>(Carkhuff, 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>243</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210020">243</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Carkhuff, Robert</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Toward effective counseling and psychotherapy: Training and practice</title></titles><dates><year>2017</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1351301470</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Carkhuff, 2017). There should be a collaborative and trusting and relationship between the client and therapist. These factors develop a positive emotional bond, openness, and truthfulness between the client and therapist. A collaborative relation of empathy between the therapist and the client results in an agreement on the intervention, techniques, and methods. Therefore, any effective counselling, empathy, positive regard and congruence is needed. The main component of effective counselling is characterized by warmth, understanding, trust, kindness, acceptance, and human wisdom. This improves the probability of improved counselling outcomes ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Messer</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>238</RecNum><DisplayText>(Messer &amp; Wampold, 2002)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>238</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209669">238</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Messer, Stanley B</author><author>Wampold, Bruce E</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Let&apos;s face facts: Common factors are more potent than specific therapy ingredients</title><secondary-title>Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice</full-title></periodical><pages>21-25</pages><volume>9</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0969-5893</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Messer & Wampold, 2002). Another skill that is required for effective counselling is motivation by the therapist. It plays a very important role in the therapy and it has a direct impact on the therapy success. Effective counselling can be done by adopting different motivational methods such as by creating hope and expectation in the client that positive change will happen ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Wosket</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1213</RecNum><DisplayText>(Wosket, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1213</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="axzrwpxxqvwtw5evsf3xrer2arfwsa5f0e5d" timestamp="1573233889">1213</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wosket, Val</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The therapeutic use of self: Counselling practice, research and supervision</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1135038473</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Wosket, 2016).

Conclusions

I agree with this statement that “Effective counsellors are skilled in specific approaches, but most importantly they use skills that relate to common factors, relevant to all therapeutic relationships.” All the common factors are interconnected with one another and are evidence-based. These are validated and continue to be a necessity within the field of psychology and ineffective counselling.

References

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Baruth, L. G., & Manning, M. L. (2016). Multicultural counseling and psychotherapy: A lifespan approach: Routledge.

Carkhuff, R. (2017). Toward effective counseling and psychotherapy: Training and practice: Routledge.

Dowling, M., & Rickwood, D. (2016). Exploring hope and expectations in the youth mental health online counselling environment. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 62-68.

Maniacci, M. P., Carlson, J., & Sackett-Maniacci, L. (2017). Neo-Adlerian approaches to psychotherapy. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 73(2), 95-109.

Manso, A., & Rauktis, M. E. (2011). What is the Therapeutic Alliance and Why Does it Matter? Reclaiming Children and Youth, 19(4), 45.

Messer, S. B., & Wampold, B. E. (2002). Let's face facts: Common factors are more potent than specific therapy ingredients. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 21-25.

Shechtman, Z. (2017). Group counseling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents: Theory, research, and practice: Routledge.

Stamoulos, C., Trepanier, L., Bourkas, S., Bradley, S., Stelmaszczyk, K., Schwartzman, D., & Drapeau, M. (2016). Psychologists’ perceptions of the importance of common factors in psychotherapy for successful treatment outcomes. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 26(3), 300.

Wampold, B. E. (2015). How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update. World Psychiatry, 14(3), 270-277.

Wosket, V. (2016). The therapeutic use of self: Counselling practice, research and supervision: Routledge.

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Encroachment Between And Among Three Branches Of Government

Encroachment Among Three branches of Government

Submitted by

Affiliation

Date

The circumstances of the victory of the November 8 election in the United States by Donald Trump and the Republican Party gaining full control over the executive and legislative branches of government (with chances to influence the judiciary) will be thoroughly and thoroughly analyzed.

If the combination of powers allows a better assignment of responsibilities, and therefore a more effective control, it nevertheless raises a major difficulty: how can we guarantee the continuity of public action in a regime where different tasks are entrusted to separate authorities? Can this continuity be guaranteed without allowing a single body to participate in each of the tasks assigned to the other bodies of power?

The House of Representatives was therefore excluded from such a power, because it is not able to embrace "these great objects which require to be continuously scrutinized in all their relationships and circumstances, and which cannot approach and to conclude that by measures where not only talent, but also accurate information and often a great deal of time, are necessary to concert and execute them ” (Fandos,2020).

The composition of the Senate would, on the other hand, make it possible to keep in place a large part of former senators who will have acquired the experience necessary to preserve "uniformity and order", as well as a "constant succession of official information. The assistance of several political bodies with complementary skills would therefore guarantee better continuity of external action, by combining the virtues necessary for secret negotiations as well as for public and informed deliberation. In the Constitution of 1787, the Senate was thus associated with the exercise of all the functions of peace and war, a true mediator between the President and the House of Representatives.

“For Trump, the contest is between “globalists,” who believe in a borderless world governed by transnational bureaucracies, and “patriots,” who support “sovereign and independent nations who protect their citizens, respect their neighbors, and honor the differences that make each country special and unique”( Continetti,2019)

The lack of expressive reaction of the American establishment to these trends is a clear confirmation of both alienation and disappointment. The latter is quite clearly manifested in the data of a kind of anti-rating of Hillary Clinton: about 55% of Americans perceive it negatively. Another example is the sympathy for Democratic Senator from Vermont Bernie Sanders for many young, liberal-minded Americans who were previously not interested in politics or elections. These trends can be attributed to considerable dissatisfaction with the too large influence of cosmopolitan super-rich on politics in the world in general and in the USA in particular, and with the erosion of the middle class observed in the country over the past decades. That is, in America the number of conscious and politically responsible voters is constantly decreasing. Therefore, according to experts, the information and analytical programs in the mass media, designed specifically for this category of readers and viewers, are also being reduced.

The electoral significance of various informational stuffing has significantly increased. So, this year we witnessed ups and downs in the sympathy of Americans in response to the resonant scandals surrounding Trump's famous statements about women and Clinton's storage of confidential information for official use on his personal mail server. The latest scandal actually became fatal for a candidate from the Democratic Party. Of course, the influence of the media on US elections has always been enormous. However, it was precisely this year that it was clearly shown that, despite many years of tradition and various guards, the American political system does not have complete immunity against outright populism.

On the other hand, against the background of cosmic prices for studying at American universities, the number of young people with "socialist" views is growing, who positively perceives and accordingly responds to the slogans of "free education", "political revolution", and "raising the minimum wage. The Trump phenomenon was that he was able to feel the mood of a considerable number of white Americans who belong to the working class, work in the real sector of the economy, do not like immigrants, advocate the preservation of America’s Christian heritage, do not trust the Washington establishment and are afraid of Islam. Trump took advantage of the discontent of part of the white Americans, in fact leading the hidden "white men riot" against the popular gender mainstream of the 2000s. Many Trump supporters are largely dissatisfied with the so-called "political correctness", are seriously concerned about Democratic policies aimed at strengthening the control system for the sale of firearms in the United States, and do not perceive what today is called the alienation of power from the people.

It is no coincidence that during the party primaries, Trump quite easily defeated representatives of the political establishment, in particular, Senators Marco Rubio and Ted Cruz, the famous Ohio Republican John Caseic. You can also recall that the former governor of Florida, Jeb Bush, despite the remarkable starting prospects, considerable funds raised and the sympathy of the republican party elite, announced in February that he would terminate his participation in the election campaign. As he himself explained: "Given the low voter support in Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina.

However, it is obvious that the problem is much wider. As one conservative observer noted on the eve of the election: “Americans are no longer confident in their national project. They no longer trust institutions and do not believe in a common destiny. This is a crisis of the national goal. At the heart of the crisis are doubts about their own identity and the basic health of the community.

The already mentioned “Economist” wrote in an October issue: “In a more traditional white America, the unification of economic and cultural experiences turned into really depressed moods. One cannot ignore the latter. However, this also strengthened a fair amount of chauvinism, without which it is difficult to explain the explosive success of racist, mostly understandable by “their own people”, Trump’s rhetoric and the stormy mood of his snow-white crowd (Prokop, 2020). The Republicans are cynics, and too conservative TV presenters who form the opinion of millions of white people They earned money by playing along with prejudices, promoting a kind of conservatism of “common sense”, which stigmatized immigrants, liberals and not very wealthy strata of the population, generously flattering it with conspiracy theories, they gave a voice to these prejudices.

The mass unrest that took place this year in various American cities clearly showed that interracial conflicts in the United States did not disappear at all, the tension and distrust in relations between whites and African-Americans continues to remain high. If American society cannot find a balanced and mutually acceptable approach to this problem, it will probably very sharply rise on the eve of the 2020 elections.

References

Continetti, M. (2019, September 24). Trump, the U.N. & 'Encroaching Control'. Retrieved from

https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/trump-the-u-n-encroaching-control/

Fandos, N. (2020, January 14). A Step-by-Step Guide to Trump's Impeachment Trial. Retrieved

from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/us/politics/trump-impeachment-trial-process.html

Prokop, A. (2020, January 17). 9 questions about Trump's impeachment trial you were too

embarrassed to ask. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2020/1/13/20996134/impeachment-trial-senate-trump-mcconnell-roberts

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Endogenous Verses Exogenous Growth Theories

Endogenous Versus Exogenous Growth Theories

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Endogenous Versus Exogenous Growth Theories

Introduction

Endogenous Growth

Endogenous growth refers to internal growth or internal variables that affect economic growth. It is long-run growth concerning the economy at a rate determined by internal factors in the economic system. The endogenous theory describes the long-run growth that originates from financial actions that construct new technological know-how. Economists relating Endogenous growth believe that enhancements in output can be associated directly to rapid innovations plus investments in human resources (Fine, 2000). Economists think that the private and government sector must encourage innovations by providing incentives for businesses and individuals to be creative. For example, investments in biotechnology, software, and telecommunications sectors are becoming massively essential in most of the advanced and emerging nations.

The main points of the endogenous growth theory are as follows:

Government strategies can nurture a nation’s growth rate by allowing and motivating competition and helping people and businesses to innovate.

There are growing returns on investment in education, infrastructure, health, and telecommunications.

Investments in research & development by private segment is a vital source of technical development.

The safety of property rights and copyrights is necessary for providing inducements for companies and entrepreneurs to participate in research and development

Investment in the quality of the workforces is the fundamental constituent of development

Government strategy should motivate entrepreneurship to generate new businesses, offer employment, financess, and innovation.

Exogenous Growth Theory

According to exogenous growth theory, economic prosperity or fiscal growth is mainly determined by factors outside of the given business or economy, in contrast to internal influences. Both the endogenous growth and exogenous growth theories are a fragment of the neo-classical growth models.

The external factors that result in exogenous growth are savings rates, production, technological variables or rate of technological advancement and diminishing returns of capital.

The notion of exogenous growth came out of the neoclassical growth model. This model is different from the endogenous model as the exogenous model entails factors outside of principal investments and a mounting functioning populace to nurture an economy (Zhang, 2018) persistently.

Impact of government policy on the long-term growth rate of an economy

There are definite factors that influence the long-term growth of an economy such as growth of productivity, demographic changes, and labor force participation. The increase in productivity is the proportion of outputs to inputs related to the economy. For example, labor, capital, services, energy, and materials. When the output grows the price of goods is dropped. Lesser costs result in the growth of demand for the service or product, leading to more enormous profits. Demographic changes are those that impact fiscal growth by altering the employment to population relation., for instance, the quality and quantity of accessible natural resources. Also, the age factor of the population impacts jobs and long-term growth. Likewise, labor force contribution to the economy influence fiscal growth. It is the number of workforces available and working.

Growth rate of an economy is mostly dependent on government policies. If the government policies are attractive for investors and enough incentives are provided to businesses and individuals, exonomy will florish. The supportive role of government specifically in the development of entrepreneurship helps greatly in the growth of the economy. Efforts and policies of the state in the form of tax incentives to encourage businesses and individuals to create and expand businesses are in particular helpful. Specific privileges in the form of taxes, investment tax credits, and targeted capital gains can be more appealing. Many Western countries are aware of the significance of providing incentives and rules that are encouraging for entrepreneurs as such policies assist immensely in the growth of an economy.

References

Zhang, W. B. (2018). Economic Growth Theory: Capital, Knowledge, and Economic Structures. Routledge.

Fine, B. (2000). Critical survey. Endogenous growth theory: A critical assessment. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 24(2), 245-265.

Subject: Economics

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Escherichia Coli

Escherichia coli

[Name of the Author]

Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (E.Coli) belongs to a bacterial family of Enterobacteriaceae. It lives in a gastrointestinal tract of humans and other eukaryotes. Most of the strains of E.Coli are harmless, but some cause serious diseases such as food poisoning and diarrhea. Study of E.Coli comes under the bacteriology (a subfield of microbiology) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lim</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>61</RecNum><DisplayText>(Lim, Yoon, &amp; Hovde, 2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>61</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1567580823">61</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lim, Ji Youn</author><author>Yoon, Jang W</author><author>Hovde, Carolyn J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A brief overview of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and its plasmid O157</title><secondary-title>Journal of microbiology and biotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of microbiology and biotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>5</pages><volume>20</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Lim, Yoon, & Hovde, 2010).

Escherichia coli is an extremely valuable and widely studied model organism. E. coli is usually known to most of the people as an infectious agent, however very few are aware of its versatility. It is widely used as a host for recombinant DNA in research due to its small genome size as compare to human (4,400 genes vs. 30,000 genes). Secondly, under normal growth conditions, E.coli grow much faster with its population doubles after every 20 minutes. This results in a better production rate in fermentation processes. Despite its bad reputation due to one particular strain (O157: H7), Escherichia coli are mostly harmless if handled carefully and with proper hygiene. It is one of the widely studied microorganisms with great knowledge of its mechanism of protein expression and this makes it easy and simple to use in those experiments where foreign protein expression and recombinant selection is required. E Coli can easily grow in a laboratory as 98.6 degree is favorable for its growth which can be easily maintained in a laboratory. An understanding of E. coli natural history can make it possible to study in detail its wild relatives. This can further help to yield new insights into the other microbe biology that experience the same conditions as E.Coli. Secondly this is also helpful in uncovering of new microbiological phenomena.

Most of the population knows about the commensal relationship of Escherichia coli with its host, where it secures a favorable environment and food but it also contributes little in return. E Coli is beneficial to host in many ways such as it produces vitamins (B12 and K) which are needed by mammalian hosts. Secondly, by consuming oxygen it creates a friendly environment for its anaerobic neighbors and it also competitively removes pathogens in the gut ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tsilibaris</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>60</RecNum><DisplayText>(Tsilibaris, Maenhaut-Michel, Mine, &amp; Van Melderen, 2007)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1567580551">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tsilibaris, Virginie</author><author>Maenhaut-Michel, Geneviève</author><author>Mine, Natacha</author><author>Van Melderen, Laurence</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>What is the benefit to Escherichia coli of having multiple toxin-antitoxin systems in its genome?</title><secondary-title>Journal of bacteriology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of bacteriology</full-title></periodical><pages>6101-6108</pages><volume>189</volume><number>17</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>0021-9193</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Tsilibaris, Maenhaut-Michel, Mine, & Van Melderen, 2007).

References

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Lim, J. Y., Yoon, J. W., & Hovde, C. J. (2010). A brief overview of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and its plasmid O157. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 20(1), 5.

Tsilibaris, V., Maenhaut-Michel, G., Mine, N., & Van Melderen, L. (2007). What is the benefit to Escherichia coli of having multiple toxin-antitoxin systems in its genome? Journal of bacteriology, 189(17), 6101-6108.

Subject: Biology and Life Sciences

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Essay

Take my privacy, please

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Take my privacy, please

In his article" Take my privacy please," David writes about the issue of privacy faced by the current world. He uses different evidence to support the argument. At the same time, he is focusing the internet screen ads which are targeting the user on the basis of their interests. He argues that people are scared of using online ways for the transaction and share any personal information. He also claims that it is not necessary that using the online sites, individual may lose their privacy, there are other ways too. In the meantime, the essay also highlights the negative consequences.Pogue expresses the negative results of privacy loss in various ways. There are chances people may not want to share their address, but due to the internet, their locations are easily tracked by someone. It can be threatening. Sometimes, people with serious diseases face problems due to medical records, and they lose opportunities. Moreover, he also informs that people fear to lose cash from their credit card or they might have experienced it in the past. It is agreeable because I have experienced losing money through a credit card. Another lousy experience of online shopping is receiving WhatsApp messages from online sellers. They saved the number and started sending messages directly to the number, and it is really annoying.

The people above 50 still prefer to use cash instead of using credit cards. These people are seen at different, and they receive their salary in cash form. They even do not take paychecks or cross-checks. It is not necessary that they are afraid of online services or concern about their privacy. Some of them are not used to the latest technologies, and they face difficulties in using credit cards. Secondly, they have experienced manual system from their childhood, and they prefer it. The elderly do not like the direct deposition of social security into their accounts. It is not because of fear of losing privacy or bad experience with online services. There are other reasons like it is difficult for them to visit the bank every time they are in need. At this age, people are more conscious about their health and relaxation. Therefore, they keep money with them every time.

However, some people fear to take online services due to some bad experiences. They are also concerned about online privacy and security risks. There some solutions for those people in order to protect their privacy like they should be more careful about using their credit cards while shopping online. It is also necessary to be attentive in a line at a grocery store while buying with a credit card, where someone can take the picture from the back. Moreover, people should not trust every website which asks for personal information. People should shop from renowned and trustworthy sites like Amazon, Ali Baba, etc. Every individual should use the online sites and social media wisely. People should be careful while downloading different Apps because they ask for permission to have access to various data like contact list, photos, and camera.

Pogue informs his opinion so well it is necessary to surrender your privacy if you need convenience (p. 866). He is right about it, but it could be a form of trouble for a person who follows him by surrendering the whole information on any site. For instance, a person should be careful while making any transactions and filter some information. Cybercrimes are very common nowadays, so people should be cautious about putting their information on the internet. When I googled my name, I found all my social media profiles, and in the images sections, I found my pictures which were available for the public. After that, I removed all the basic information from my profiles. Also, I secured my accounts by using the privacy tools and setting options available on those sites.

In the United States citizens have rights which protect them from some of the severe circumstances that occur in China or other parts of the world. This could go south real fast in the future if changes occurred at a governmental level and it can cause the "big brother" problems for real. This article is old and published in 2000. During these 19 years, many things are changed. However, there is no any such policy implemented by the government to use the personal information of a person. Instead, the US government has strictly standardized the policies against the privacy breach at the healthcare sector in the country. It is good that people should have some privacy in their lives.

It is true that I like watching my life, but I don't like someone to watch me doing my daily activities. It is not only about kayaking on the trail, but it is about privacy being lost. No one would ever love to walk on the path holding hands with somebody and have some deep private conversations anymore. At the same time, it is more awkward to walk consciously knowing that someone behind the cameras is observing you. People travel into nature in order to enjoy and be themselves. They do not feel comfortable when they find cameras, and the aim of enjoying solitude does not appeal anymore. It would look like you are being imprisoned and your every action can make the authorities judge you. Therefore, I would like to have my privacy ensured when I am having some time with myself. I prefer to go to places where my privacy is secured.

References

Pouge, D. (2018). Take my Privacy please, A Practical /Guidebook for English Composition and Technical Writing, Custom Edition for Lake Michigan College. Pearson.

Subject: English

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Ethical And Legal Considerations

Ethical and Legal Considerations

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Ethical and Legal Considerations

Response one

Determining the behaviors in the organization and the strategies planned for the organizational business are the responsibility of professional strategic financial management. It is an ethical consideration of the strategic financial managers to take care of the employee’s ethics to not disturb the organizational environment, and they have to their ethical behaviors to shape organizational patterns ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"OsggV4cd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gunawan & Aungsuroch, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Gunawan & Aungsuroch, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":305,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/X4MI8G2I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/X4MI8G2I"],"itemData":{"id":305,"type":"article-journal","title":"Managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers: A concept analysis","container-title":"International journal of nursing practice","page":"e12502","volume":"23","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Gunawan","given":"Joko"},{"family":"Aungsuroch","given":"Yupin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gunawan & Aungsuroch, 2017). While there are some interests of the organizational stakeholder, therefore the role of the professional strategic financial management is to keep a balance in the interests and protect them. The concerned professionals of the ethical and legal considerations keep a balance in the managerial obligations, partner, shareholders and partner employees.

Response two

If faced with the legal or ethical dilemma which is related to financial management, then it is important to review the previous plans, strategies, and steps being taken within the organization. Organizations like the healthcare system have a history, that has to be reviewed to plan for the success and to track the mistakes which lead the dilemma. While reviewing and revising the mission of the organization helps to highlight the needs and requirements that need to be implemented to avoid any ethical dilemmas within the organization. Revising the mission statement will help the professionals to make a comparison to identify the actual mission, and where the organization is leading.

Response three

The ethical or legal dilemma does not only impact the financial management of the organization but also the strategic planning and it can make an impact. For the executives who implement strategies, the dilemmas create issues of sharing the information, trust, and hidden motives and personal gains of the people working in the organization, while transparency is important for the appropriate strategic planning in the organization ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"LEvizDnd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Piercy & Lane, 2007)","plainCitation":"(Piercy & Lane, 2007)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":302,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/MDCLHPZG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/MDCLHPZG"],"itemData":{"id":302,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ethical and Moral Dilemmas Associated with Strategic Relationships between Business-to-Business Buyers and Sellers","container-title":"Journal of Business Ethics","page":"87-102","volume":"72","issue":"1","source":"Springer Link","abstract":"While ethical and moral issues have been widely considered in the general areas of marketing and sales, similar attention has not been given to the impact of strategic account management (SAM) approaches to handling the relationships between suppliers and very␣large customers. SAM approaches have been widely␣adopted by suppliers as a mechanism for managing␣relationships and partnerships with dominant customers␣– characterized by high levels of buyer–seller inter-dependence and forms of collaborative partnership. Observation suggests that the perceived moral intensity of␣these relationships is commonly low, notwithstanding the underlying principles of benefiting the few (large, strategic customers) at the expense of the many (smaller customers and other stakeholders), and the magnitude of the consequences of concessions made to large customers, even though some such consequences may be unintended. Dilemmas exist also for executives implementing strategic account relationships regarding such issues as information sharing, trust, and hidden incentives for unethical behaviour. We propose the need for greater transparency and senior management questioning of the ethical and moral issues implicit in strategic account management.","DOI":"10.1007/s10551-006-9158-6","ISSN":"1573-0697","journalAbbreviation":"J Bus Ethics","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Piercy","given":"Nigel F."},{"family":"Lane","given":"Nikala"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",4,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Piercy & Lane, 2007). Another impact can be that the dilemmas can change the decision-making of the managers which has to be taken during strategic planning.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Gunawan, J., & Aungsuroch, Y. (2017). Managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 23(1), e12502.

Piercy, N. F., & Lane, N. (2007). Ethical and Moral Dilemmas Associated with Strategic Relationships between Business-to-Business Buyers and Sellers. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9158-6

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Ethical Case Study And Discussion 3

Academic Institution

Ethical Case Study

Purpose Statement

By

Name

Location

Date

Ethical Case Study

The way of determining the wage of the CEO as well as the average employee does not seem to be ethical, as the ethical decisions create the win-win situation for both the parties. In the current US business corporations, there is a huge gap between the average pay scale and that of CEO. The gap between the CEO to average pay is higher. The average pay of CEO's has grown by 1000% which reveals that CEO's are the only ones enjoying the high profitability of the business. In my opinion, the income and profits must be distributed fairly between the CEO and other employees. According to the utility approach of ethical reasoning, the cost-benefit analysis determines the right or the fair decision . It determines that the final outcome is one which brings more benefits and fewer costs. As the case reveals, consumers are getting conscious about the ethical responsibilities of business, less CEO and average pay will result in the good business reputation and at the end more profitability which will be enjoyed by both parties.

The other ethical reasoning approach, Human rights is used as the base of ethical decision making. Protection of human rights is the prime responsibility of every business organization, and therefore rights of average employees must be protected as they make a major contribution in the success of a company. In addition, according to another ethical reasoning approach, justice is considered as the foundation of ethical decisions. Justice demands the fair distributions of costs and burdens and the key to social justice is the fair distribution of wealth. According to this approach, average employee bears most of the cost of company success and benefits are mostly enjoyed by the high authorities and people in power. Based on all the three approaches, the pay ratio and gap must be reduced and ensure fairness in distribution.

Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY Lawrence, A. T., & Weber, J. "Ethics and Ethical Reasoning." In Business and Society: Stakeholders, ethics, public policy, by A. T., & Weber, J Lawrence. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Ethical Future

Author Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

31st January 31, 2020

Ethical Future

1: Ethics is a system of moral ideals that has a huge impact on how people make different choices and lead their lives. The one problem that humanity will face in the future is artificial intelligence. Most aspects of human life are in touch with artificial intelligence. Robotics has snatched the privacy of humans which is their basic right. Moreover, robots are taking over the world and human resource is decreasing to an alarming level. Technology must be used to help humans rather than replacing them with machines. Robots will jeopardize jobs across the globe. Scientists claim that machines will replace journalists, doctors, and lawyers as well along with industrial workers. As an outcome, the working class will have less or no job opportunity left and this will cause mass poverty and political instability. The problem that arises with artificial intelligence is that it can harm humans in many ways. For instance, if the AI system fails to perform its task, who is going to take the blame for it. Bureaucrats take refuge in established procedures that distribute the responsibility to a larger scale so that no one can be blamed for the catastrophes that result due to failing systems (Bostrom).   

2: The possible solutions to the problem can be:   

Human collaboration across borders must be improved to make agreements to create cohesive perspective in tackling AI challenges.

Policies must be developed to assure that AI development will be directed only for the good cause of mankind (Anderson). Experts suggests that the goal of artificial intelligence must be to help individuals meet their social and ethical responsibility.

3: The entire world is exposed to advancement in artificial intelligence but at the same time, ethical values embedded with AI are of great concern. People are concerned about lack of liability, and biasness (West).  

a) States should promote machine learning and help people exercise and enjoy their rights.

b) Humans should be protected against discrimination and promote equality.

c) Eradicating discrimination and promoting equity   

In the end, it is notable that AI systems with more advancement can create challenges for humans in the future.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Janna Anderson, Lee Rainie. "Solutions to address AI ." Pew research center (2018): 5.

Nick Bostrom, Eliezer Yudkowsky. "The ethics of artificial intelligence ." intelligence. org (2017 ): 8.

West, Darrell M. "The role of corporations in addressing AI's ethical dilemmas ." Brookings (2018 ): 3.

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Ethics And Creating A Mission Statement

McDonald's in the last 15 years

By XXX

McDonald's is a well-known fast food restaurant chain, which has been serving to its customers for 79 years. It started dealing with its customers in 1940 when Mac and Dick started first McDonald's franchise in California, United States. With the passage of time, McDonald's started serving to more customers by starting several other franchises in other regions of the United States. Soon, it became famous for its quality, cheap, and quickly delivered food items and then the founders decided to make an investment in the International market. In 1967, McDonald's started its franchise in Canada and then gradually invested in different countries all across the world CITATION Fat96 \l 1033 (Fatehi, 1996). It has always focused to provide quality products to its customers in order to gain their loyalty and satisfaction. Due to its effective strategies, it has now become able to earn billions of dollars (approx $25 billion) annually CITATION Dor17 \l 1033 (Wang, 2017).

McDonald's vision and mission are to keep the customers satisfied by the provision of quality food products and to make its franchises the most desirable place all across the world. For this purpose, it has been working so hard. Its code of ethics is established to maintain the quality of the food products and to serve only healthy food items to the customers. They are also devoted to providing a healthy and peaceful environment for their customers where they can enjoy their meal pleasantly CITATION kim08 \l 1033 (Warren, 2008).

When concerned to analyze how McDonald's have changed its strategies in the last 15 years, a list of struggles becomes evidence of its hard work and success. The very first challenge faced by McDonald's was a selection of food items, as every country has a different culture, religion, and taste. For example, India may not like to buy beef items from McDonald's for which they introduced vegetable and chicken items. Similarly, McDonald's updated its food lists and food taste according to the people, to whom they are serving. Now it deals with the customers in different countries with different food items, all according to their taste and desire. Also, it introduces self-ordering kiosks to increase its sales and to guide the customers regarding new food items and attractive deals.

Ethically concerned, McDonald's have been facing several ethical challenges in different countries. Initially, McDonald's used to employee American employees, for their better training and provision of services. However, this brought several ethical and social challenges for the employees, such as language issues. Also, some countries raised objection for hiring American people while serving to other nations and called it as an act of racism. However, Now McDonald's hires the local employees and train them to deal with the requirements of the customers CITATION Sye14 \l 1033 (Atif, 2014). Also, McDonald’s has banned in different countries, including Bermuda, Iceland, Iran, Korea, and others, for causing obesity amongst its customers CITATION Hug16 \l 1033 (Morris, 2016). Most of its products are assumed to be the real cause of obesity amongst its customers, and thus McDonald’s was blamed for serving unhealthy junk food to the nations. However, now McDonald’s have made some changes in its menu and changed the ‘fast food’ with ‘good food served fast.’ In 2014, McDonald’s held a dinner in New York, where it served the food with fruits and egg-white McMuffins instead of junk items CITATION ASS14 \l 1033 (PRESS, 2014).

McDonald’s has been struggling hard to keep its customers satisfied and healthy. It is only the hard work and better strategic management which have always kept McDonald’s in top most known fast food franchises all across the world.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Atif, S. (2014). Report on McDonald's HR Management. SlideShare. Retrieved July 14, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/ibnirshad9/report-on-mcdonalds-hr-management

Fatehi, K. (1996). International Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Morris, H. (2016). 10 countries where McDonald's is not welcome. The Telegraph.

PRESS, A. (2014). McDonald's tries to change its image from 'fast food' to 'good food served fast' with fruit, egg-white McMuffins and its first menu item ever to contain cucumber. Mail Online.

Wang, D. (2017). SUCCESSFUL ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IS EASIER THAN YOU THINK. Tiny Plus.

Warren, k. (2008). Strategic Management Dynamics. John Wiley & Sons.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Evaluate The Importance Of The Board Of Directors To The Corporate Governance Of Large Listed UK Firms. Provide Examples Of Good And Poor Corporate Governance To Support Your Answers.

M bjbjcc 7 we wevJ 8(WmmmHHHPRRRRRR),VRHHHHHRmmg000HFmmP0HP00,Bm/hF. 08 ,(,BB, HH0HHHHHRR4HHHHHHH,HHHHHHHHH

RUNNING HEAD Finance, Accounting, and Banking

Importance of the board of directors to the corporate governance of large listed UK firms

Name of the writer

Name of the institution

Importance of the board of directors to the corporate governance of large listed UK firms

Introduction

Corporate governance is defined as a system that deals with different regulations, procedures of business and rules, dealing in a fair and balanced approach to work. Corporate governance also deals with the interior issues that are faced by an organization, describes by the shareholders or the other officials ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDo5xwxDni,propertiesformattedCitation(Florackis, 2008),plainCitation(Florackis, 2008),noteIndex0,citationItemsid591,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/UJLILN7L,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/UJLILN7L,itemDataid591,typearticle-journal,container-titleInternational Journal of Managerial Finance,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleAgency costs and corporate governance mechanisms evidence for UK firms,title-shortAgency costs and corporate governance mechanisms,authorfamilyFlorackis,givenChrisostomos,issueddate-parts2008,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Florackis, 2008). It also acts as a platform for outdoor problems such as buyers regulation, costumers as well as the government ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDBZy5B62l,propertiesformattedCitation(Merino et al., 2020),plainCitation(Merino et al., 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid597,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/5AY59PIZ,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/5AY59PIZ,itemDataid597,typearticle-journal,container-titleSustainability,issue1,page158,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleSustainability and Corporate Governance Transparency and Excessive Directors Remuneration in Listed Companies during the Global Financial Crisis,title-shortSustainability and Corporate Governance,volume12,authorfamilyMerino,givenElena,familyManzaneque-Lizano,givenMontserrat,familySanchez-Araque,givenJesus,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Merino et al., 2020). Board of directors is defined as a community comprising of members, selected by the shareholders of an organization who look into different sections of the organization such as decision making, voting and performs some major farm duties. The board of directors tends to govern the organization by meeting at regular intervals and set policies that can ensure corporate management ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDMgnyOD5a,propertiesformattedCitation(Allegrini Greco, 2013),plainCitation(Allegrini Greco, 2013),noteIndex0,citationItemsid594,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/35A9DGHE,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/35A9DGHE,itemDataid594,typearticle-journal,container-titleJournal of Management Governance,issue1,page187216,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleCorporate boards, audit committees and voluntary disclosure Evidence from Italian listed companies,title-shortCorporate boards, audit committees and voluntary disclosure,volume17,authorfamilyAllegrini,givenMarco,familyGreco,givenGiulio,issueddate-parts2013,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Allegrini Greco, 2013). Board of Directors regulate structures, roles, responsibilities and processes that are central to the working of an organization, guided by corporate governance

Discussion

Organization does not exist in a vacuum, they are interrelated with different interest groups such as shareholders and the stakeholders, government, regulatory bodies, and the general public. The United Kingdom adopts an Anglo Saxon, also called outsider dominated system of corporate governance ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDhFFv1Q8a,propertiesformattedCitation(Florackis, 2008),plainCitation(Florackis, 2008),noteIndex0,citationItemsid591,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/UJLILN7L,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/UJLILN7L,itemDataid591,typearticle-journal,container-titleInternational Journal of Managerial Finance,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleAgency costs and corporate governance mechanisms evidence for UK firms,title-shortAgency costs and corporate governance mechanisms,authorfamilyFlorackis,givenChrisostomos,issueddate-parts2008,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Florackis, 2008). This system is designed to facilitate ownership of the corporate equity that is dispersed in different shareholders or investors. Transparency of actions of these interrelated bodies demands a platform of check and balance. Board of Directors selects a company of few members who are appointed to ensure the prosperity of company by directing the companys affairs, along with adhering to the interest of stakeholders and shareholders. It would not be wrong to say that the board of directors play a central role in corporate governance because modern corporation has a dispersed ownership structure, which demands attention ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDBZy5B62l,propertiesformattedCitation(Merino et al., 2020),plainCitation(Merino et al., 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid597,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/5AY59PIZ,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/5AY59PIZ,itemDataid597,typearticle-journal,container-titleSustainability,issue1,page158,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleSustainability and Corporate Governance Transparency and Excessive Directors Remuneration in Listed Companies during the Global Financial Crisis,title-shortSustainability and Corporate Governance,volume12,authorfamilyMerino,givenElena,familyManzaneque-Lizano,givenMontserrat,familySanchez-Araque,givenJesus,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Merino et al., 2020). Also, due to the increased complexity of businesses and globalization, there is more reliance on the private sector which is serving as an engine of growth in both, developed and developing countries, demanding regulations for centralization. According to Moursli (2020), Corporate governance addresses the issues that are faced by the board of directors ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDkLdr9w8k,propertiesformattedCitation(Moursli, 2020),plainCitation(Moursli, 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid600,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/WFB9GBK2,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/WFB9GBK2,itemDataid600,typearticle-journal,container-titleCorporate Governance An International Review,issue1,page2346,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleThe effects of board independence on busy directors and firm value Evidence from regulatory changes in Sweden,title-shortThe effects of board independence on busy directors and firm value,volume28,authorfamilyMoursli,givenReda M.,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Moursli, 2020). The context of this quotation asserts that the roles and activities of the company are regulated by the Board of Directors, so the level of interface set by the directors decipher the quality of governance. It is highlighted that the corporate governance plays a major role in bringing orders and balance in the decision-making process of the company by assigning responsibilities to some particular determinants ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationID2nOtj4li,propertiesformattedCitation(Moursli, 2020),plainCitation(Moursli, 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid600,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/WFB9GBK2,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/WFB9GBK2,itemDataid600,typearticle-journal,container-titleCorporate Governance An International Review,issue1,page2346,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleThe effects of board independence on busy directors and firm value Evidence from regulatory changes in Sweden,title-shortThe effects of board independence on busy directors and firm value,volume28,authorfamilyMoursli,givenReda M.,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Moursli, 2020). Corporate governance behooves a company to maintain a focus on the mission and vision of the company.

Ullah Kamal (2020), found corporate governance as a constant state of evaluation that is a positive response to the changes in the financial marketplace, where it is highlighted that the board must adapt as well as respond to the opportunities and risks proposed ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDn1aHUeBL,propertiesformattedCitation(Ullah Kamal, 2020),plainCitation(Ullah Kamal, 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid602,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/V5WSKYUT,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/V5WSKYUT,itemDataid602,typearticle-journal,container-titleGlobal Business Review,page0972150919876520,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleCorporate Governance, Political Connections and Firm Performance The Role of Political Regimes and Size,title-shortCorporate Governance, Political Connections and Firm Performance,authorfamilyUllah,givenSabeeh,familyKamal,givenYasir,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Ullah Kamal, 2020). There are both, positive and negative connotations found associated with the board of directors where at times, it is a strength to the corporate governance and the other time, corporate governance is accountability for the board of directors to ensure the welfare of the companies. There are different aspects and dimensions of these connotations such as economic transparency, ethical considerations, and choice of the best fit, etc.

Under the impact of corporate governance, the board of directors is managed to take into account that a lineage is created in which one department is briefed by the other who is positioned above it ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationID8zu13IsL,propertiesformattedCitation(Esqueda Ouc0u8217Connor, 2020),plainCitation(Esqueda OConnor, 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid604,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/46Y9FIJW,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/46Y9FIJW,itemDataid604,typearticle-journal,container-titleResearch in International Business and Finance,page101077,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleCorporate governance and life cycles in emerging markets,volume51,authorfamilyEsqueda,givenOmar A.,familyOConnor,givenThomas,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Esqueda OConnor, 2020). Corporate governance ensures that the goals and role classification framed by the board of directors are fulfilled. Accounting jugglery as well as a display of profit snobs that the short-term gains of the company are regulated ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDZVWU21bK,propertiesformattedCitation(Ji et al., 2020),plainCitation(Ji et al., 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid607,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/TMM9BRYR,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/TMM9BRYR,itemDataid607,typearticle-journal,container-titleReview of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,page142,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleFrequencies of board meetings on various topics and corporate governance evidence from China,title-shortFrequencies of board meetings on various topics and corporate governance,authorfamilyJi,givenJiao,familyTalavera,givenOleksandr,familyYin,givenShuxing,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Ji et al., 2020). Adhering to the corporate governance exposes the unethical policies along with different mismanagements of the CEO as well as the other directors of the company because it determined the excessive ruminations that are given either to the CEO or the directors ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDWtt583LJ,propertiesformattedCitation(Kao et al., 2019),plainCitation(Kao et al., 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid610,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/FBPHH73Q,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/FBPHH73Q,itemDataid610,typearticle-journal,container-titleCorporate Governance The International Journal of Business in Society,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleOwnership structure, board of directors and firm performance evidence from Taiwan,title-shortOwnership structure, board of directors and firm performance,authorfamilyKao,givenMao-Feng,familyHodgkinson,givenLynn,familyJaafar,givenAziz,issueddate-parts2019,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Kao et al., 2019). Thus, corporate governance improves, relations and investors confidence, the remedial actions decipher the management and the elements of fraud. The introduction of corporate governance has public snob value where the companies followed by corporate governance are treated by the investors and the general public who is forward-looking and prosperous ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDc1KTQgYn,propertiesformattedCitation(Kao et al., 2019),plainCitation(Kao et al., 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid610,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/FBPHH73Q,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/FBPHH73Q,itemDataid610,typearticle-journal,container-titleCorporate Governance The International Journal of Business in Society,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleOwnership structure, board of directors and firm performance evidence from Taiwan,title-shortOwnership structure, board of directors and firm performance,authorfamilyKao,givenMao-Feng,familyHodgkinson,givenLynn,familyJaafar,givenAziz,issueddate-parts2019,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Kao et al., 2019). This stance can be seen in the cases of Satyam and Sun groups, where society is investing its resources in the company and now it is the responsibility of the company to provide a clear and honest performance account. It would not be wrong to say that the board of directors are the tools or the representative of the corporate governance because the transparency by the corporate governance flow with the support of the board of directors.

It is highlighted that the Cadbury Committee has played a major role in laying the foundation of corporate governance practices in the United Kingdom as well as in other countries ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDLHPGuKof,propertiesformattedCitation(Kavadis Castauc0u241er, 2019),plainCitation(Kavadis Castaer, 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid612,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/P9M46KRH,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/P9M46KRH,itemDataid612,typechapter,container-titleResearch Handbook on Boards of Directors,publisherEdward Elgar Publishing,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleInstitutions, governance, and strategy in a changing global landscape The case of boards of directors in large listed firms in France,title-shortInstitutions, governance, and strategy in a changing global landscape,authorfamilyKavadis,givenNikolaos,familyCastaer,givenXavier,issueddate-parts2019,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Kavadis Castaer, 2019). There are a number of committees such as Myner Report and Higgs Report that has refined the corporate governance practices in the United Kingdom ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDNsQMhsuO,propertiesformattedCitation(Kavadis Castauc0u241er, 2019),plainCitation(Kavadis Castaer, 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid612,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/P9M46KRH,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/P9M46KRH,itemDataid612,typechapter,container-titleResearch Handbook on Boards of Directors,publisherEdward Elgar Publishing,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleInstitutions, governance, and strategy in a changing global landscape The case of boards of directors in large listed firms in France,title-shortInstitutions, governance, and strategy in a changing global landscape,authorfamilyKavadis,givenNikolaos,familyCastaer,givenXavier,issueddate-parts2019,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Kavadis Castaer, 2019). According to Merendino Melville (2019), the companies in the United States has been scored lower as compared to the United Kingdom. The average score was found to be 12 because it is observed that the companies in the United Kingdom have a better working board of directors ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDwACMZytn,propertiesformattedCitation(Merendino Melville, 2019),plainCitation(Merendino Melville, 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid614,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/Y995CU7L,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/Y995CU7L,itemDataid614,typearticle-journal,container-titleCorporate Governance The International Journal of Business in Society,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleThe board of directors and firm performance empirical evidence from listed companies,title-shortThe board of directors and firm performance,authorfamilyMerendino,givenAlessandro,familyMelville,givenRob,issueddate-parts2019,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Merendino Melville, 2019).

There is a two-way relationship between the directors and the corporate governance, taking into account that the companies are either driven by or are managed under the impact of corporate governance. The board of directors is managed under the principles of corporate governance, which are the hallmark of the code of conduct. These principles are ethics, transparency, trusteeship, accountability, and empowerment. The accountability loss, appeared in the form of Satyam Scandal, Bernie Madoff Scandal and Freddie Mac are significant to analyze the role of corporate governance. In the same way, HealthSouth Scandal, Tyco Scandal, and Enron Scandal are also worth reading and worth discussion, highlighting how issues in the board of directors can be a threat to the overall profile of the company ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDjexQuOtT,propertiesformattedCitation(Merendino Melville, 2019),plainCitation(Merendino Melville, 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid614,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/Y995CU7L,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/Y995CU7L,itemDataid614,typearticle-journal,container-titleCorporate Governance The International Journal of Business in Society,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleThe board of directors and firm performance empirical evidence from listed companies,title-shortThe board of directors and firm performance,authorfamilyMerendino,givenAlessandro,familyMelville,givenRob,issueddate-parts2019,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Merendino Melville, 2019).

In the same way, the Board of Directors is guided and then behooved to adhere to the code of conduct under the impact of corporate governance. This can be analyzed by the evaluation of the companies such as HSBC having a board of directors that adhere to the principles promoted by corporate governance. The board of directors tends to secure the interest of the shareholders by setting up a complete corporation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDJphlRIzZ,propertiesformattedCitation(Ji et al., 2020),plainCitation(Ji et al., 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid607,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/TMM9BRYR,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/TMM9BRYR,itemDataid607,typearticle-journal,container-titleReview of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,page142,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleFrequencies of board meetings on various topics and corporate governance evidence from China,title-shortFrequencies of board meetings on various topics and corporate governance,authorfamilyJi,givenJiao,familyTalavera,givenOleksandr,familyYin,givenShuxing,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Ji et al., 2020). According to Ji (2016), it is found that the success of the companies such as Tesco having a market capital of 16.6 Billion, Royal Dutch Shell having a market capital of 189.3 Billion and Unilever having a market capital of 58.5 Billion, is just a description of a compact system of code of conduct but it is the product of hierarchal accountability transferred form board of directors and the corporate governance ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDXQpVZbg7,propertiesformattedCitation(Ji et al., 2020),plainCitation(Ji et al., 2020),noteIndex0,citationItemsid607,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/TMM9BRYR,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/TMM9BRYR,itemDataid607,typearticle-journal,container-titleReview of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,page142,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleFrequencies of board meetings on various topics and corporate governance evidence from China,title-shortFrequencies of board meetings on various topics and corporate governance,authorfamilyJi,givenJiao,familyTalavera,givenOleksandr,familyYin,givenShuxing,issueddate-parts2020,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Ji et al., 2020). The connectivity and the positive bonding between the board of directors and corporate governance can be well understood by analyzing the four Ps, representing people, purpose, process, and performance. Then, the stance of these Ps can be evaluated in the progress of BP as well, which has been progression and onboard since 1909.

Elmagrhi (2016), quoted that good corporate governance relies on the distinct difference in the roles and duties of different managers and directors ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDIpmas1Jx,propertiesformattedCitation(Elmagrhi et al., 2016),plainCitation(Elmagrhi et al., 2016),noteIndex0,citationItemsid622,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/CUXDFBI4,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/CUXDFBI4,itemDataid622,typearticle-journal,container-titleCorporate Governance,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleAntecedents of voluntary corporate governance disclosure A post-2007/08 financial crisis evidence from the influential UK Combined Code,title-shortAntecedents of voluntary corporate governance disclosure,authorfamilyElmagrhi,givenMohamed H.,familyNtim,givenCollins G.,familyWang,givenYan,issueddate-parts2016,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Elmagrhi et al., 2016). Board tend to regulate the duties to board committees, the corporate boards are the subset of the full board, they are more like representatives. It is also found that the committees tend to devote their potent resources as well as time to make decisions that can prove effective in the long run. Several risks such as economic, operational, acquisition, compliance dispositional, disclosure, infrastructure, reputational and technological issues are mitigated by affirming that there is adequate financial reporting, litigation, positive work environment, and prevalence of ethics ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDtK0c9Rg5,propertiesformattedCitation(Allegrini Greco, 2013),plainCitation(Allegrini Greco, 2013),noteIndex0,citationItemsid594,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/35A9DGHE,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/6bWeQAmN/items/35A9DGHE,itemDataid594,typearticle-journal,container-titleJournal of Management Governance,issue1,page187216,sourceGoogle Scholar,titleCorporate boards, audit committees and voluntary disclosure Evidence from Italian listed companies,title-shortCorporate boards, audit committees and voluntary disclosure,volume17,authorfamilyAllegrini,givenMarco,familyGreco,givenGiulio,issueddate-parts2013,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Allegrini Greco, 2013).

Conclusion

In the wake of the meltdown of great companies such as Tyco, WorldCom, and Adelphia, it is highlighted that companies board was a major point of criticism and attention. Although there was an inconceivable scenario presented affirming that the business disasters of such companies were no doubt a historical tension but on the same board, it emphasizes the significance of board of directors guided by corporate governance (Miroshnychenko et al., 2018). The reason behind this anthology is found in the fact that even the close examination of such boards shared that there was no prominent or evident pattern of incompetence or corruption. There is a dire need for following an accepted standard for board operation and these standards are designed by corporate governance. In a nutshell, the board of directors is central to corporate governance to ensure the positive growth and wellbeing of the companies, along with a reduced threat to economic, social and ethical issues.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL uncited,omitted,custom CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Allegrini, M., Greco, G. (2013). Corporate boards, audit committees and voluntary disclosure Evidence from Italian listed companies. Journal of Management Governance, 17(1), 187216.

Elmagrhi, M. H., Ntim, C. G., Wang, Y. (2016). Antecedents of voluntary corporate governance disclosure A post-2007/08 financial crisis evidence from the influential UK Combined Code. Corporate Governance.

Esqueda, O. A., OConnor, T. (2020). Corporate governance and life cycles in emerging markets. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101077.

Florackis, C. (2008). Agency costs and corporate governance mechanisms Evidence for UK firms. International Journal of Managerial Finance.

Ji, J., Talavera, O., Yin, S. (2020). Frequencies of board meetings on various topics and corporate governance Evidence from China. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 142.

Kao, M.-F., Hodgkinson, L., Jaafar, A. (2019). Ownership structure, board of directors and firm performance Evidence from Taiwan. Corporate Governance The International Journal of Business in Society.

Kavadis, N., Castaer, X. (2019). Institutions, governance, and strategy in a changing global landscape The case of boards of directors in large listed firms in France. In Research Handbook on Boards of Directors. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Merendino, A., Melville, R. (2019). The board of directors and firm performance Empirical evidence from listed companies. Corporate Governance The International Journal of Business in Society.

Merino, E., Manzaneque-Lizano, M., Sanchez-Araque, J. (2020). Sustainability and Corporate Governance Transparency and Excessive Directors Remuneration in Listed Companies during the Global Financial Crisis. Sustainability, 12(1), 158.

Miroshnychenko, I., Barontini, R., Testa, F. (2018). Corporate governance and environmental performance A systematic overview. Ethics, ESG, and Sustainable Prosperity World Scientific Publishing Singapore.

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Ullah, S., Kamal, Y. (2020). Corporate Governance, Political Connections and Firm Performance The Role of Political Regimes and Size. Global Business Review, 0972150919876520.

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Subject: Finance, Accounting and Banking

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

Evaluating Arguments

Evaluating Argument

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Evaluating Argument

To evaluate an argument, the first and the foremost way is to assess it logically and find out all the possible factors that either support or negate the argument. Once you are through it, then it is not difficult for the person to give a valid answer (Night, 2018).

While considering the case 1 the increment in the popularity of the fish oil tablets has been rapidly increased as it gives a chance to the people to improve their health and it is massively used all across the globe, and people are getting benefit from it. These factors have been a valid reason for the increase in its popularity and the growth

While focusing on the second case regarding the care for hospices from the non-profitable organization is not convincing because in the private sector, the more you pay to them the more the better services you are going to avail from them. All these services have helped the people to enhance their health and as per the argument is given to the service providers, and they make sure to prevail the justice as well (Govier, 2002).

While considering the third case, both the universities are similar to each other, and there is no such difference as the qualities, traditions, colleagues, atmosphere, everything is almost the same, and there are such issues as mentioned by the authority as both are at different places moreover the syllabus is different.

I agree with the case 5 where the depressed workers are facing much more issues than that of the other people. The reason for giving an agreement to this issue is because the depressed worker is already not active neither in the state to bring more activity and happiness back in their life. This is one of the prime factors due to which the people may face more negativity even in the minutest issue, whereas happy people are always good to go (Noddings, 2018).

References

Govier, T. (2002). The philosophy of argument. Informal Logic, 22(1), 73-84.

Noddings, N. (2018). Philosophy of education. Routledge. 018).

Light, A. (2018). Reel Arguments: Film, philosophy, and social criticism. Routledge.

Subject: Philosophy

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Evaluating Scholarly Writing

Evaluating Scholarly Writing

Submitted by

Affiliation

Date

The selected article is written by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael. The target audience for this article are police officers, researchers, policy makers and general audience. This article seems to fulfil the aim and purpose of author. The date provided by the author is from different reliable sources and presentation of data seems unbiased. Historical context and literature review presented to make it easy to understand. The main points of the article are based on inequality in terms of social justice/ criminal justice and how it is prevailing. It is well written in academic style with appropriate language and style without biases. The only one thing that requires to add in this article is current data and statistics because no updated data added since 2010. The content, reliability, research method, thesis, past researches and presentation of data make it a scholarly writing. This article meets all the professional standards for any scholarly article.

How various audiences might perceive the author's intent and message?

Different people may have different views and perspectives to read and evaluate any writing. For example, the law officer may see it from the data related to crime rate in different decades. For a researcher or law maker , the most important thing will be the past researches/ literature review and the gap between different studies. For general audience, the most important thing will be reasons behind in equality and how these facts and figures changed over time, policies and law reforms in criminal justice system.

How article may be revised for an international audience?

This article may be revised for an international audience by adding different countries perspective and by comparing them with the system available in USA. Data and statistics of various countries may create interest and comparison may make it clear the policies and criminal justice system practiced in USA.

References

Lofstrom, M., & Raphael, S. (2016). Crime, the criminal justice system, and socioeconomic

inequality. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(2), 103-26. Retrieve from: https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.30.2.103

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Exclusionary Rule/Search And Seizure

Legal basis for the Exclusionary Rule

Student's Name

Institutional Affiliation

Legal basis for the Exclusionary Rule

The exclusionary rule refers to the law that prevents the government of the United States from applying the most proof collected in the desecration of the United States set of rules stated in the Constitution. According to the verdict in the Mapp. Versus Ohio, the exclusionary rule only applies to proof obtained from a perverse examination in the desecration of the fourth amendment of the constitution (Hsieh, 2014). On the other hand, the judgment in the Miranda versus Arizona argued that the law applies to incorrectly provoke self-incriminatory information collected concerning the degradation of the Fifth Amendment of the constitution. However, it should consider evidence obtained in conditions where the United States government dishonoured the offender's sixth amendment legal rights to advise (Hsieh, 2014). But, this rule does not include applicable to interior suitcases such as deportation and other related hearing.

Conclusively, the exclusionary rule is based on the two main United States Supreme Court cases to give direction regarding the subject matter being addressed. These cases are the Mapp. Versus Ohio and the Miranda versus Arizona which was presented before the Supreme Court of the United States and an informed decision was made (Maclin, 2013). As a result, they are used as a basis in the exclusionary rule to make the right decisions.

Application of the Exclusionary Rule on the police

The rule plays an integral part in guiding the conduct of a police officer who is entitled to take legal actions against lawbreakers or offenders. According to police officers, the rule does not control more vigorously the exclusionary evidence rule that they can use the force of their respect to the rule of law. However, police officers should obey the rule of law and should behave morally to obtain adequate evidence legally (Maclin, 2013). But the police alone should not fall into an error of using illegal method to gather evidence.

Besides, the Exclusionary Rule give ordinary police officers powers to confer immunity upon lawbreakers or offenders. Nevertheless, through overstepping the bounds of the law, police officers' actions can be put as significant evidence beyond the arrival of prosecution (Maclin, 2013). As such, police offers are allowed to conduct a thorough investigation to obtain reliable evidence that can be used to make a judgment before the court of law. As such, the police should always choose the most appropriate method of obtaining evidence that can provide enough proof against the accused. In doing so, this will give easy during trial and prosecution processes.

The exception to the Exclusionary Rule

According to the rule, there are various exceptions which explicitly serves as a basis to protect the constitutional rights of offenders and accusers in the United States. However, the limitations do not apply to the extent that justice cannot be given room to prevail. These exceptions are discussed below as follows.

First, good faith exceptions allow evidence obtained through law enforcement or by the policeman who entirely rely on a search warrant that they consider to be valid thus can be presented for trial and prosecution (Signorelli, 2012). Secondly, the attenuation doctrine exception permits evidence improperly collected to be revealed at the hearing in case the association between the evidence and illegal method through which they were obtained is remote.

Another exception is the independent source doctrine which gives room to illegally collected evidence to be acknowledged at the trial chambers if a separate person later received it through legal activities (Signorelli, 2012). Lastly, the inevitable discovery rule is another exception that allows improperly gathered evidence to be acknowledged when it is superficial that the evidence will be finally be discovered through legal methods (Signorelli, 2012).

References

Hsieh, K. (2014). The exclusionary rule of evidence: Comparative analysis and proposals for reform. Farnham: Ashgate.

Maclin, T. (2013). The Supreme Court and the Fourth Amendment's exclusionary rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Signorelli, W. P. (2012). The constable has blundered: The exclusionary rule, crime, and corruption. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Exercise: ASSIGNMENT FIVE

Exercise: Assignment Five

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Exercise: ASSIGNMENT FIVE.

Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences:

Howard Gardner proposed eight types of intelligence. According to the theory, traditional psychometric views are limited while people have different types of intelligence ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1ivp8us0ma","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Multiple Intelligences | Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D.,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Multiple Intelligences | Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D.,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1293,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/QBDF5JGN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/QBDF5JGN"],"itemData":{"id":1293,"type":"webpage","title":"Multiple Intelligences | Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D.","URL":"http://www.institute4learning.com/resources/articles/multiple-intelligences/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",2,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Multiple Intelligences | Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D.,” n.d.). He categorized his theory in eight types of intelligence which are:

Intrapersonal:

It defines the people who are well aware of their own feelings, emotions, and motivations. For example, students who know their aim and carrier that they want to achieve in the future. They understand every difficulty and ease that comes in their way to achieve something, and they respond these with wise decisions.

Interpersonal:

These are the people who understand others and make good relationships. They assess other’s feelings and emotions and can give meaningful suggestion to them. For example, psychologist, they listen to your problems and help you to overcome from it.

Spiritual:

Spiritual intelligence refers to the qualities of the person. For example, it tells us person's capabilities on the basis of love, peace, wisdom, and integrity.

Visual:

These are the people who are good at visualizing things. These people do a great job in puzzle solving, reading graphs and charts, drawing, recognizing patterns, etc.

Musical:

These people show their interest in music and different rhythms. For example, musician and dancers, they develop different steps and lyrics on the beats of music.

Kinaesthetic:

These people have command over their physical action and movement. They perfectly control their physical activities. For example, sportspersons and actor. They understand what physical activities they have to do and when.

Linguistic:

These people have a strong command of their words. They can impress others through their communication skill. For example, the salesman in the shop they easily bring out your interest in the product that they want to sell.

Mathematical:

These people have command on subjects like mathematics, computer science, and other logical activities like experiments, analyzing and recognizing different ideas. For example, scientists who perform the different experiment and analyze its results ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a6fh71ur8v","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Gardner\\uc0\\u8217{}s Theory of Multiple Intelligences,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1294,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/LSTAIFC5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/LSTAIFC5"],"itemData":{"id":1294,"type":"webpage","title":"Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences","URL":"https://www.verywellmind.com/gardners-theory-of-multiple-intelligences-2795161","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",2,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences,” n.d.).

Emotions, Fear and Anxiety

Emotions are the complex state of feelings which create our thoughts and behavior. Positive emotions bring positive attitude and behavior in the individual while negative emotions can lead to behavior that is not only harmful to the individual himself but also for the people around him. This change in behavior can be psychological as well as physical.

Emotions have a high impact on the learning process. Negative emotions like fear and anxiety can directly affect learning power and memory of the individuals. These negative emotions can be due to the environmental elements, internal element or combination of both. To eliminate all negative emotions, it is essential for the psychologist first to identify the factors that are developing it in the brain of students.

Internal factors:

Genetic predisposition and imbalance of hormones can cause fear and anxiety disorder in the children. This shows up their impact with the passage of time. It slowly makes learning power slow in the students. Other internal factors that can cause fear and anxiety in students include medication side effects and usage of drugs. Many students start smoking and other drugs which take away their attention from the studies. Drugs make them isolated from the people around them, and students lose their interest from society and education. Proper medication is also a crucial factor, due to the wrong medication many harmful results come. Imbalance of hormones and impact on different body parts create stress, anxiety, and fear in the students ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2p0oh99l9l","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}How to Deal with Chronic Fear and Anxiety | Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“How to Deal with Chronic Fear and Anxiety | Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1299,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/F7ID2RSP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/F7ID2RSP"],"itemData":{"id":1299,"type":"webpage","title":"How to Deal with Chronic Fear and Anxiety | Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing","URL":"https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/how-deal-chronic-fear-and-anxiety","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",2,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“How to Deal with Chronic Fear and Anxiety | Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing,” n.d.).

Environmental factors:

These are the factors that mostly happen in the surrounding of the individual which leads to an enormous impact on the brain of the individuals. Many individuals grow up within an anxiety and fear-provoking conditions like abusive, disorganized, poor environmental circumstances. Home, peer, school, and culture make our environments.

Students with low background family with lack of sources face more fear and anxiety at school than the students who have a strong background. Peer pressure and school stress slow down the learning power. Basic elements of anxiety and fear at the school include the relationship with the teacher, peers, and other staff of the school. Diversity in the background, language, and emotional growth put an impact on the student who decides whether students are comfortable in it or not. Students who are not comfortable in the school environment become rejected, bullied, and isolated. The rejection and bullying in the school develop the fear and anxiety in the student, and slowly they become isolated in the school.

Positive relation with classmates and other peers develop positive emotions and thus help in enhancing the learning power of the students. The students who face bullying from seniors, as well as students of their own class or peers living around them, make them more stressful and full of fear and anxiety. Sometimes, students who admire their peers who are well achieved and have academic excellence create pressure on other students. All these conflicts and peer pressure results in low learning power.

Every student has different learning power, and some students understand difficult things in less time while some students take time while understanding straight and straightforward things. In such case when teachers give assignments, tasks, and projects to the whole class, students with low learning power get pressure which leads to weak performance in the class ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2kgqf3ajrh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Teens and College Students | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Teens and College Students | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1297,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/DDW5VKK7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ccgWoSRn/items/DDW5VKK7"],"itemData":{"id":1297,"type":"webpage","title":"Teens and College Students | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA","URL":"https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/college-students","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",2,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Teens and College Students | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA,” n.d.).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6, 2019, from https://www.verywellmind.com/gardners-theory-of-multiple-intelligences-2795161

How to Deal with Chronic Fear and Anxiety | Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6, 2019, from https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/how-deal-chronic-fear-and-anxiety

Multiple Intelligences | Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6, 2019, from http://www.institute4learning.com/resources/articles/multiple-intelligences/

Teens and College Students | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6, 2019, from https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/college-students

Subject: Psychology

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Expatriates

9144000Memorandum

0Memorandum

TO:

FROM:

DATE: July 27, 2019

RE: Reduction of Expatriate Turnover(Strategies)

After studying the data on expatriates leaving our company in a year of returning from various foreign countries, the number of employees leaving the company is at intolerable levels. It is found that , after returning back, the expatriates may feel worried, unsettled, and confuse in their profession and future career. This memo will provide some strategies to reduce expatriate turnover and help expatriate to adjust in their corporate culture.

Following the recent rise in expatriate turnover in this company, I have come up with a few strategies that can be used to minimize the turnover and ensure continued productivity and increased company competitiveness. High turnover in the company can affect revenues, employee morale, and the quality of products and services offered by the firm.

Controlling costs is now a priority for all companies. "And if an expatriate is expensive - it is double or triple the annual salary of a normal employee - an abortive expatriation is even more, and in 40% of cases, expatriation fail. Partly because the costs have been poorly evaluated and the employee mobilized abroad has become a financial chasm. The money spent on expatriation programs is considerable, but the returns on investment are rarely measured.

First, we can start a re-entry program that will offer support to expatriate on their return from international assignments. This will ensure that they have a smooth transition back to the workplace and return to normalcy with ease. According to van der Heijden, van Engen & Paauwe, (2012), employees who return from international assignment need to do a lot of catching up on the changes that have taken place in the organization during their absence. They also have to adapt to the new culture which they had forgotten about. It is therefore important that they have a support program that will ensure they are trained on new changes in the management and are able to settle back at the workplace easily. The program can also offer counseling services to the returnees and their families in order to address any emotional or psychological issues faced by any returnee.

When an employee is offered, and accepts an international post, they are given information and training. To integrate into the new position, they are introduced to the culture and ways of that country. They become familiar with the business practices and the ways that the company office is run. There are clear expectations on what the employee is set to accomplish while in this job. So, it is necessary to make them clear what company is expecting from them and if they can meet the criteria and target turn over, then they will apply to expatriate.

Expatriation can be seen in two ways. The first is to imagine that, because we have a particular expertise, expertise in a field, we will be able to benefit a subsidiary of his company abroad. Bringing your lights to a country that lacks them ... A vision that is somewhat pretentious, but, alas, still very widespread. The second is, conversely, to consider expatriation as the best way to discover, to exchange, to get out of his routine. A more humble and positive perspective.

In recent years, the traditional model has almost disappeared in favor of local contracts depending on the host country. Similarly, short-term assignments are increasing, such as "commuter systems", where the expatriate works abroad during the week and returns on weekends, or the extension of business trips. So, I believe all proposed strategies can be beneficiary for our company and will work good in we implant them as soon as possible.

Thank you for your time.

Sincerely yours,

ABC

References

van der Heijden, J. A., van Engen, M. L., & Paauwe, J. (2012). Expatriate career

support: Predicting expatriate turnover and performance. The international journal of human resource management, 20(4), 831-845.

Subject: HRM

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Exploratory Research Assignment

Your Name

Professor Utzman

ENGL 2331-#

Day Month Year

Exploratory Research Assignment

List your first time period:

The first time period that I have chosen for this assignment is the “ Islamic Golden Age” that dates from 632 to mid 13th century.

2) List your second time period (ex. Ancient Greece, Tang Dynasty China):

The second period that I have chosen for this assignment is the “ Ancient Greece” that ranges from 800 BC to 5th century AD.

3) List three major authors from your first time period and their famous books or writings:

The major authors from the Islamic Golden Age and their contributions to the field of literature are as follows:

Avicenna (980 – 1070) He wrote a book named “Kitab al Shafa” commonly known as “book of Healing” in which he wrote about Greek philosophy and Muslim theology.

Ibn Khaldun(1332-1406) He wrote “Muqidammah” which is the description of how Muslims were dominate by Mongols.

Averros(1126-1198) Ibn Rushd wrote on law and even on medicine. He was a supporter of Aristotalian ideas as he wrote in his book “ The Incoherence of the Incoherence”.

4) List three major authors from your second time period and their famous books or writings:

The major authors of this period are as follows:

01 Sophocles(496-406BC) He is famous for his classis such as Oedipus Rex.

02 Plato(424-348BC) He is famous for writing The Republic and Symposium.

03 Aristotle(384-322) Only 47 of his works are still present. He is famous for his influence in Catholic education and theology.

5) List at least three major historical events that occurred in your first time period.

01 The Translation Movement Caliphs Harun-al-Rashid inititated this movement in which scholarly works of Greek were translated formally into Arabic for founding House of Wisdom.

02 Introduction to paper through Tang Dynasty The clash among Abbasid Caliphate and Chinese Tang Dynasty resulted in the production of paper in Middle East.

03 Invention of Algebra al-Kwarizmi published a book which framed the basis for algebra.

6) List at least three major historical events that occurred in your second time period.

01 Introduction to the Olympic Games This festival was introduced in 776BC in the honoue of Greek gods and goddesses.

02 Coin Currency Introduced In 600BC, coin currency was introduced by the Greek.

03 Second Peloponnesian War: Athens VS Sparta The war between the major two cities Athens and Sparta took place in 431BC.

7) In 100 words minimum, describe at least three attitudes or values expressed by authors in your first time period. Please use proper MLA in-text citations for your sources in this section.

Poetry was regarded as the highest form of art, and the poet was considered like a prophet or king when people gathered for market ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ekl3cDVz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Jonathan)","plainCitation":"(Jonathan)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":72,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/7SJ4X6R5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/7SJ4X6R5"],"itemData":{"id":72,"type":"book","title":"Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power","publisher":"Yale University Press","number-of-pages":"308","source":"Google Books","abstract":"This biography probes the unusual mind, the dramatic life, and the outstanding scientific work of Danish-born immunologist Niels Jerne (1911-1994). Jerne's Nobel Prize-winning achievements in the field of immunology place him in the pantheon of great 20th-century biomedical theorists, yet his life is perhaps even more interesting than his science. The volume tells Jerne's story, weaving together a narrative of his life experiences, emotional life and extraordinarily creative scientific work. A legendary figure who preferred an afternoon of conversation in a Paris wine bar to work in the laboratory, Jerne was renowned for his unparalleled powers of concentration and analytical keenness as well as his dissonant personal life. Thomas Soderqvist explores Jerne the man and scientist, making the argument that his life experience and view of himself became a metaphorical resource for the construction of his theories. He also probes the moral issues that surrounded Jerne's choice to sacrifice his family in favour of scientific goals and the pursuit of excellence.","ISBN":"978-0-300-12757-7","note":"Google-Books-ID: _aAoP3JaI_sC","shortTitle":"Islam","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Jonathan","given":"Bloom"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Jonathan). The attributes of work done in Golden Islamic Era include morality, inventions and philosophy. These were the themes writers of that era were mainly concerned about. As it was the time of flourishing Islamic reign throughout the world so they mostly wrote of the innovations of that time or the philosophy.

8) In 100 words minimum, describe at least three attitudes or values expressed by authors in your second time period. Please use proper MLA in-text citations for your sources in this section.

In the ancient Greek time period, the themes of war are quite eminent. The wars that took place laid great impact on the literature. In the Classical era, it was the period of tragedies. Prominent writers of that time period were Sophocles who wrote tragedy such as Oedipus Rex. Moreover Lyric was being produced in poetry as well as Drama. Plays were performed in theaters for public amusement and apart from that particular amusement plays were mainly concerned with morals and ethics. It was a part of their religious practice as well to sing chorus and they used to do it at their festivals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2SHkdtBE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Ancient Greek Literature\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Ancient Greek Literature”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":78,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/LRGG4VUV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/LRGG4VUV"],"itemData":{"id":78,"type":"webpage","title":"Ancient Greek Literature","container-title":"Ancient History Encyclopedia","abstract":"Greek literature has influenced not only its Roman neighbors to the west but also countless generations across the European continent. Greek writers are responsible for the introduction of such genres...","URL":"https://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Literature/","language":"en-us,en-gb,en-ca","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Ancient Greek Literature”).

9) List three major writing techniques, styles, or forms used in your first time period.

The poetry of Arabs was filled with the element of Praise, Monorhyme and Elegy.

10) In 100 words minimum, explain the origins of the three techniques/styles/forms you listed above. Please use proper MLA in-text citations for your sources in this section.

In the pre-Islamic era, the poetry mainly consisted of praise because people thought it would be consisting magical qualities as for them poetry was a source to cast a spell around a sane person. Poetry was more than a talent for them and poets were considered magicians at that time. The strict rules of Islamic writings lead to monorhyme. This lead to formalism in their work. Moreover the earliest known poetic form in Arabic literature is elegy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"XVhbVPu3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Islamic Arts\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Islamic Arts”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":76,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/BGTRFSVJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/BGTRFSVJ"],"itemData":{"id":76,"type":"webpage","title":"Islamic arts","container-title":"Encyclopedia Britannica","abstract":"Islamic arts: Islamic arts, the literary, performing, and visual arts of the vast populations of the Middle East and elsewhere that adopted the Islamic faith from the 7th century onward. These adherents of the faith have created such an immense variety of literatures, performing arts, visual arts, and music that","URL":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-arts","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Islamic Arts”). Elegy is a mode to mourn for the beloved ones so this style was liked by emperors alot for their self pleasure.

11) List three major writing techniques, styles, or forms used in your second time period.

The techniques of Lyric poetry,philosophical forms and epics were mainly used by Greek writers and poets.

12) In 100 words minimum, explain the origins of the three techniques/styles/forms you just listed above. Please use proper MLA in-text citations for your sources in this section.

Lyric poetry was quite influential in the beginning of Greek poetic traditions. Sappho, Alcaeus, Pindar were the first known to write in the genere. It was sung in chorus by a group of people and lyric originated from the word Lyre. Mostly philosophers did not write but their work was in form of speech or debate. The portrayal of speech was used as “The Republic” was a long dialogue describing an ideal government ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"NF3pmF3w","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Ancient Greek Literature\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Ancient Greek Literature”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":78,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/LRGG4VUV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/LRGG4VUV"],"itemData":{"id":78,"type":"webpage","title":"Ancient Greek Literature","container-title":"Ancient History Encyclopedia","abstract":"Greek literature has influenced not only its Roman neighbors to the west but also countless generations across the European continent. Greek writers are responsible for the introduction of such genres...","URL":"https://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Literature/","language":"en-us,en-gb,en-ca","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Ancient Greek Literature”). Epics were among the most favourite form of Greek writers and poets in which they narrated the heroic tales of their famous personalities that were warrioes or kings or their gods.

Works cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY “Ancient Greek Literature.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, https://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Literature/. Accessed 3 Apr. 2019.

“Islamic Arts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-arts. Accessed 3 Apr. 2019.

Jonathan, Bloom. Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. Yale University Press, 2002.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Exploring Changing Gender Roles In Society

Exploring Changing Gender Roles in Society

[Writer]

[Institution]

Exploring Changing Gender Roles in Society

Traditional gender roles are changing in current American society since last two decades. Though the process is quite slow but its impact is significant. In a society where masculinity is valued and feminism is devalued, the transition state is not perceived with open-mindedness. This process began some 25 years ago, and is still a long time to go. Women are taking part in male majority jobs and men are shifting towards jobs like stay at home dads, male nurses and nannies. Even men at military are preferring dad care jobs after retirement. On the other hand, there are women who are taking jobs in military, fire fighters and stock exchange which are still considered to be male dominant jobs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6L4MMa7k","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Traditional gender roles being challenged}, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Traditional gender roles being challenged, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/Y5Q2B24F"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/Y5Q2B24F"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"motion_picture","title":"Traditional gender roles being challenged","publisher":"CGTN America","source":"YouTube","dimensions":"5:58","URL":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0LnFMFis_o","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Traditional gender roles being challenged, 2015). There is also a huge decreasing trend in boys enrolling in colleges and even a lower rate in graduations as compared to girls. A general perception has been made among boys that academic disengagement is a sign of masculinity. But women do realize that now is the time of knowledge-based economics and not action based. Men think it somehow reduces their masculine powers to be smart and over qualified. Despite of change in roles and responsibilities, there is still a pay gap in many organizations. Now there is only a small number of men in academic fields because of low income and they have to do multiple jobs to make both ends meet ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"KCfmgwPh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(CBS News, 2012, & Am, 2012)","plainCitation":"(CBS News, 2012, & Am, 2012)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":166,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/GGUFM32I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/GGUFM32I"],"itemData":{"id":166,"type":"webpage","title":"As gender roles change, are men out of step?","container-title":"cbsnews.com","abstract":"Age-old views of masculinity are being questioned as women advance in education and the workplace","URL":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/as-gender-roles-change-are-men-out-of-step/","language":"en","author":[{"family":"CBS News","given":""},{"literal":"2012"},{"family":"Am","given":"10:12"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",6]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CBS News, 2012, & Am, 2012).

The factors that are driving towards this shift are movements and awareness for leaving behind the concepts of gender stereotyping and patriarchy. The shift in social norms has gender identity autonomy. This has made it easier for people to take on the roles that they suit fit to. Also, the economics has played a role in this change too. Women receiving education and contributing in the finances of a household is ideally better for the society in general and men in particular as before it was sole responsibility of men to be the breadwinners in a household ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kpS1VP8E","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(CBS News & Pm, 2016)","plainCitation":"(CBS News & Pm, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":164,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/FRIZRCCP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/FRIZRCCP"],"itemData":{"id":164,"type":"webpage","title":"\"The Future of Men\" explores evolving gender roles","container-title":"cbsnews.com","abstract":"In his new book, author Jack Myers writes about the evolution of men's roles in society and the power shift toward women","URL":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-future-of-men-jack-myers-traditional-gender-roles-new-world-jodi-kantor/","language":"en","author":[{"family":"CBS News","given":""},{"family":"Pm","given":"3:12"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CBS News & Pm, 2016). The demand of equal rights and autonomy has given women the sense of empowerment and not remain dependent on men all their lives. The women and men movements has contributed a lot in their separate struggles for gender identity and expectations autonomy.

The family dynamics has also changed dramatically with the change in gender roles shifting. Social and gender expectations have changed and thus men and women can opt for reversal roles on their own will. Households that were defined on the basis of masculine dominance and patriarchy have no longer such norms. Also, gender fluidity has become more common in our society. Though it is a much painful process within our families, but slowly it is being accepted. In many households, women have taken dominance and are the breadwinners while men have taken the stay at home responsibilities. Women who wish to lead and take dominating roles are encouraged and supported not only by families but community, churches and other organizations. And amazingly it has a positive impact on family systems ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"v0wxY7RI","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kantor & Silver-Greenberg, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Kantor & Silver-Greenberg, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":163,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/92UKY78E"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/92UKY78E"],"itemData":{"id":163,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"Wall Street Mothers, Stay-Home Fathers","container-title":"The New York Times","section":"U.S.","source":"NYTimes.com","abstract":"For growing numbers of women on Wall Street, stay-at-home husbands are enabling them to compete at work with new intensity.","URL":"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/us/wall-street-mothers-stay-home-fathers.html","ISSN":"0362-4331","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Kantor","given":"Jodi"},{"family":"Silver-Greenberg","given":"Jessica"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",12,7]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kantor & Silver-Greenberg, 2013). There are many households where boys are raised by single mothers and there are no men around. Such boys see their mothers engaged in such dominating and struggling roles which inspire them. These are the characteristics of healthy families where equal opportunities are given to women as men.

I think this change in the gender role is an excellent opportunity for everyone to take on responsibility according to their competencies and so they can lead and progress in a more effective way. I personally would like to see a change in our society where men and women are open to choosing their identities and roles and a society that is ready to accept equal representation at all forums. I want to see more households where men are happy to work as sit home daddies or nannies and society appreciates their work just as women. This is still a long shot but definitely there will be a huge change and more stability in the next generation.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY CBS News, 2012, & Am, 10:12. (2012, June). As gender roles change, are men out of step? Retrieved September 16, 2019, from Cbsnews.com website: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/as-gender-roles-change-are-men-out-of-step/

CBS News, & Pm, 3:12. (2016). “The Future of Men” explores evolving gender roles. Retrieved September 16, 2019, from Cbsnews.com website: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-future-of-men-jack-myers-traditional-gender-roles-new-world-jodi-kantor/

Kantor, J., & Silver-Greenberg, J. (2013, December 7). Wall Street Mothers, Stay-Home Fathers. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/us/wall-street-mothers-stay-home-fathers.html

Traditional gender roles being challenged. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0LnFMFis_o

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Facial Recognition

Facial Recognition

Hector Castillo

Facial Recognition

The ever increasing security concerns have led to an increase in surveillance and technological advancement to support state initiatives all over the world. The facial recognition system has been installed in the Hangzhou School in China. It works by identifying the expressions on the students the information is then processed by smart technological sensors showing the mental state of the studentsCITATION Jac14 \l 1033 (Whitehill, 2014).

Many researchers suggest that the system encourages public safety and a way of self-awareness that helps peoplebehave themselves.Surveillance and monitoring are hence as part of the expanding the security horizons on the educational institutions CITATION Kri10 \l 1033 (Best, 2010). The surveillance has led to categorizing the facial expressions with the present mental state of the students.

The monitoring system has raised questions about being a true representation of the student’s emotional state. Instilling fear amongst the students from the camera. This disciplining technique may increase the attention span of the students but it has long term repercussions that lead to anxiety, fear, and depression CITATION RMu19 \l 1033 (R Mustapha, 2019).

The frustration amongst the students is evident as theydespise this type of surveillance. Facial recognition system has been by large advocated fort the use of the systematicmonitoring that creates a better association amongst teachers and teaching methods, attendance and identity of students. The system has digitized the student-teacher relationship from a personal one leaving the emotional quotients below artificial intelligence CITATION Elf03 \l 1033 (Elfenbein, 2003). The facial recognition strategies lead to charging students for their behaviors. It is widely criticized for not enhancing more indulging education systems like in the US, but establishingassumptions on the student’sfacial expressions ignoring their psychological conditions.

Facial recognition systems are deployed all over public areas to keep track of the citizens and to avert any mishaps. This helps manage citizen behavior and detect deviating tendencies amongst them, the technique is widely used in the immigration and security policies. These AI systems help develop strategies and control the population behaviors in line with the law.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Best, K. (2010). Living in the control society: Surveillance, users and digital screen technologies. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 5-24.

Elfenbein, H. A. (2003). When familiarity breeds accuracy: Cultural exposure and facial emotion recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 276-290.

R Mustapha, M. S. (2019). The Effect of Trait Anxiety on Recognition of Threatening Emotional Facial Expressions: A Study among High School Student. the International Journal of Humanities and Humanities Invention, 5312-5318.

Whitehill, J. S.-C. (2014). The Faces of Engagement: Automatic Recognition of Student Engagementfrom Facial Expressions. IEEE.

Subject: English

Pages: 1 Words: 300

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