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Week Assignments
Your Name (First M. Last)
School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)
Question 1
Zimbardos Prison Simulation
The Zimbardos prison simulation, in my opinion, is one of the cruelest research carried out in history ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa1nv5p3ehgf,propertiesformattedCitation(Van Bavel, 2018),plainCitation(Van Bavel, 2018),citationItemsid181,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/2ASQM59G,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/2ASQM59G,itemDataid181,typearticle-journal,titleRethinking the natureof brutality uncovering the role of identity leadership in the stanford prison experiment,authorfamilyVan Bavel,givenJay J.,issueddate-parts2018,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Van Bavel, 2018). Zimbardo wanted to expand Stanley Milgrams work by the additional investigation of the influence of situational variables on human behavior. If we look at the experiment from a hypothetical perspective, it seems quite interesting, but in reality, it drove the people involved in the experiment to the verge of insanity.
They were all good people, the ambiance and setup created by the university in conjunction with the characters they had to play made them react in a hostile way. The people who were supposedly the inmates started to suffer acute anxiety within two-three days. On the contrary, the individuals who were the supposed guards began to become abusive, and their interaction with the hypothetical inmates was nothing less than aggressive ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa18n0vkmba4,propertiesformattedCitation(Kulig, Pratt, Cullen, 2017),plainCitation(Kulig, Pratt, Cullen, 2017),citationItemsid180,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/V64N6APT,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/V64N6APT,itemDataid180,typearticle-journal,titleRevisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment A case study in organized skepticism,container-titleJournal of Criminal Justice Education,page74-111,volume28,issue1,authorfamilyKulig,givenTeresa C.,familyPratt,givenTravis C.,familyCullen,givenFrancis T.,issueddate-parts2017,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Kulig, Pratt, Cullen, 2017). The experiment was very scary, and I would deem it dehumanizing, I am surprised it lasted a week back in the day. Scientists should not be permissible to carry out such an experiment again, in fact, it should be criminal to even think about replicating this experiment again. From todays perspective, the test was going against the majority of the ASA ethical standards. The frightening part is that this is the life of thousands of people, it proves that the justice system needs serious changes.
Milgrams Obedience Experiment
On the contrary, I have a completely different opinion about Milgrams Obedience Experiment. Stanley Milgram made absolute sense when he talked about how we are brought up in a manner that we would follow orders from an authority figure. It is something that was instilled in us by birth, parents being the authority figures in the house (Gridley Jenkins, 2017). Every single person grows up following certain rules or orders given by their parents. The same is the case here it is possible that an individual would most likely follow orders if a higher authority is involved. In order to understand how far a person can follow orders if a higher power is involved, this experiment played an essential part (Haslam, Reicher Birney, 2016). It is a fact that people were misled when it came to the experiment, but at times to understand the full nature of how far a person can go, a lie is required.
However, I do believe that post the experiment the individuals involved in it should be told what was actually happening. Nonetheless, if the subjects of the experiments are somehow told that there will be trickery involved one way or the other during the experiment, scientist nowadays can surely make use of Milgrams Obedience Experiment. Another thing that can be altered is the use of electrodes. Electrodes can be changed by another mean to understand, or the level of the shock can be altered. In the video, it is seen that people eventually ask to stop due to the pain of the shock ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa2p80bsip9v,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (Doliuc0u324ski et al., 2017),plainCitation(DoliDski et al., 2017),citationItemsid179,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/5NSQJNMZ,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/5NSQJNMZ,itemDataid179,typearticle-journal,titleWould you deliver an electric shock in 2015 Obedience in the experimental paradigm developed by Stanley Milgram in the 50 years following the original studies,container-titleSocial Psychological and Personality Science,page927-933,volume8,issue8,authorfamilyDoliDski,givenDariusz,familyGrzyb,givenTomasz,familyFolwarczny,givenMichaB,familyGrzybaBa,givenPatrycja,familyKrzyszycha,givenKarolina,familyMartynowska,givenKarolina,familyTrojanowski,givenJakub,issueddate-parts2017,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (DoliDski et al., 2017). People were told beforehand about this, but if this part, in my opinion, can be done differently.
Conclusion
In light of the ASA ethical standards, Milgrams Obedience experiment can be made permissible with a few alterations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa29c636soie,propertiesformattedCitation(Chiumento, Rahman, Frith, Snider, Tol, 2017),plainCitation(Chiumento, Rahman, Frith, Snider, Tol, 2017),citationItemsid182,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/KJMR6VBT,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/KJMR6VBT,itemDataid182,typearticle-journal,titleEthical standards for mental health and psychosocial support research in emergencies review of literature and current debates,container-titleGlobalization and health,page8,volume13,issue1,authorfamilyChiumento,givenAnna,familyRahman,givenAtif,familyFrith,givenLucy,familySnider,givenLeslie,familyTol,givenWietse A.,issueddate-parts2017,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Chiumento, Rahman, Frith, Snider, Tol, 2017). This experiment in my opinion also aids in helping figure out an actual issue. When it comes to following authority, I believe that children from a very young age should be given awareness, and when it comes to the parents, they should make their authority known in a manner it does not impact the way a child looks at authoritative people outside the house. There is a fine line between respect and doing something just because a powerful figure said so. Even in the video of the experiment, it is said How far can you go As far as I am required too. Nowadays, the element of racism can also be thrown in the experiment to see how people would react if the authority is given to a Hispanic or an Asian.
Responses
Alyssa Hessing
Alyssa answered the same question that I did. I like her answer it fills in the requirement that the answer was supposed to have. My response is similar to hers, but I have my take of it. While I like her response to the Milgrams Experiment, I do believe that the electrodes part can be altered. This is just my personal opinion. I think more people will be comfortable in becoming the part of the test if that bit was altered. The shock level should start very low. It can gradually increase, but not go very high. What if someone decides to go all the way That could be a problem.
Her answer to Zimbardos experiment is similar to what I have to say. It is like she read my mind. I like that she also pinpointed the fact that this might be an experiment and lasted a week, but the results left the audience disturbed. So we can only imagine what inmates and prison guards go throughout the world (Woodward, 2017). Uncountable people are suffering from this issue. Yes, they are criminals, but that does not mean they get treated like animals. I think that the way people end up acting is also a form of conditioning. Nevertheless, our justice system needs alteration.
I do agree with her when it comes to the Milgrams experiment, but my take is different. I think it can become permissible if it is altered to todays standards. Another thing that I appreciate is that she wanted to talk about how masculinity can be impactful in how the experiment turns out to be. My debate is different, but I like her view on it as well. Sexism is indeed an influence and can aid in the study. It would be nice to see how a male responds when a female is giving the orders. This can, in fact, give a new take to the experiment altogether.
Miles Apfel
I prefer Miles approach to the study. I had one issue from the original article it seemed unethical and invasive. When an authority as high as the police is involved people will indeed stop and take a test. This might seem like an initiation for a good cause, but the method used is intruding the privacy of the public. In fact, drinking and driving are an issue and awareness is required but not like this. I like how Miles believes that there should be no police involved and people will not be exposed ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa1g5u45mpab,propertiesformattedCitation(Lacey et al., 2011),plainCitation(Lacey et al., 2011),citationItemsid183,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/EJQT6Z7L,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/zTPHp9Do/items/EJQT6Z7L,itemDataid183,typearticle-journal,titleAlcohol-and drug-involved driving in the United States methodology for the 2007 National Roadside Survey,container-titleEvaluation review,page319-353,volume35,issue4,authorfamilyLacey,givenJohn H.,familyKelley-Baker,givenTara,familyVoas,givenRobert B.,familyRomano,givenEduardo,familyFurr-Holden,givenC. Debra,familyTorres,givenPedro,familyBerning,givenAmy,issueddate-parts2011,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Lacey et al., 2011). There will be proper confidentiality. Stopping people randomly alongside the road puts a bad impression of the individual on other people passing by and especially if they have company.
The idea of a putting up the test in a rest area is a much better option. In fact, people will voluntarily come and go along with the survey. The sense of safety is what people look forward to when a topic is this sensitive. The set up will be in regards to the ASA ethical standards, which will draw more candidates. The idea of complete confidentiality as mentioned above is a game changer. The other thing that people will be concerned about is the legal consequences. This new take on the survey will pool in many candidates. People will be more than happy to oblige for the cause.
Another part that was handled beautifully was the usage of oral tests only. People tend to stay away from blood tests (Compton Berning, 2015). It seems too personal and intrusive. Some people are scared of needles as well, such as myself. So if someone like me is present, they will immediately shy away from the test. Additionally, like the way Miles said oral tests are easier, faster and fuss-free. This take on the study is certainly ethical and does not make people raise eyebrows, simultaneously, it keeps the comfort level intact, and people do not feel panicked due to the involvement of the police.
References
Gridley, M., Jenkins, W. J. (2017).Obedience to Authority. Macat Library.
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., Birney, M. E. (2016). Questioning authority new perspectives on Milgrams obedienceresearch and its implications for intergroup relations.Current Opinion in Psychology,11, 6-9.
DoliDski, D., Grzyb, T., Folwarczny, M., GrzybaBa, P., Krzyszycha, K., Martynowska, K., Trojanowski, J. (2017). Would you deliver an electric shock in 2015 Obedience in the experimental par KTz_tyQckhThB- hBhBhBhuhNhXVhXV5hXVh5hg hXVhXVhXVh5hAh h h jh Uh hXV5 hQ5hQh1q BX4-gdA
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h0Jjh50JUh,jh,UhBhB6UhB hBhBIradigm developed by Stanley Milgram in the 50 years following the original studies.Social Psychological and Personality Science,8(8), 927-933.
Kulig, T. C., Pratt, T. C., Cullen, F. T. (2017). Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment A case study in organized skepticism.Journal of Criminal Justice Education,28(1), 74-111.
Woodward, V. (2017). Stanford Prison Experiment.The Encyclopedia of Corrections, 1-3.
Van Bavel, J. J. (2018). Rethinking the natureof brutality uncovering the role of identity leadership in the stanford prison experiment.
Chiumento, A., Rahman, A., Frith, L., Snider, L., Tol, W. A. (2017). Ethical standards for mental health and psychosocial support research in emergencies review of literature and current debates.Globalization and health,13(1), 8.
Lacey, J. H., Kelley-Baker, T., Voas, R. B., Romano, E., Furr-Holden, C. D., Torres, P., Berning, A. (2011). Alcohol-and drug-involved driving in the United States methodology for the 2007 National Roadside Survey.Evaluation review,35(4), 319-353.
Compton, R. P., Berning, A. (2015). Drug and alcohol crash risk.Journal of Drug Addiction, Education, and Eradication,11(1), 29.
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SOCIOLOGY
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