Sociology

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Q1. The importance of gender, the masculine and the feminine distinguish two individuals of equal dignity who, however do not possess a static equality, because the specific feminine is diverse from the masculine specific. Although, men are women are biologically different due to difference in the reproductive organs, but it is common mistake that both genders have different capabilities, emotions and intellect.

Men and women are not only biologically different, but the roles that society assign them are also different. It is safe to say that gender identity is given by society and not nature. Gender is not innate, unlike the sex of the individual. It is a social construct that takes a considerable amount of time to take shape in every human being. Gender is thus seen in individuals through a certain number of social, psychological and behaviors, attributed more to masculinity or rather to femininity. Each individual is therefore presupposed to have a defined genre that allows him to know, his role, his responsibilities and his place in society. Behavior that does not correspond to the presumed gender of the person alters the social relations of that individual almost systematically. For example, a man who wears makeup will probably cause some surprise. Today, gender barriers are difficult to identify and retrace differently. This does not mean that codes, norms and genres are being replaced by others; on the contrary.

Q2. Homophobia is a social problem that today has attracted a lot of attention because many social phenomena are caused by that. What is homophobia? Homophobia is to be afraid of what we do not know or see differently in society. What happens in people's lives is their problem and therefore if you do not see or see yourself affected you should not care. Homosexuality is considered as a crime in some countries and there are severe punishments including death penalties for homosexuals.

Religiously, the church chooses to say that they are not children of God, because God created man and woman to be united. Biology says that it is impossible to reproduce with people of the same sex and it is certainly true that homosexual couples seek the adoption of a child which has caused great chaos in the thinking of people, because they believe that the child to see a Gay or Lesbian couple will form and grow up thinking that this is the way to relate. But the truth is that this is not the case, the couple is free to adopt a child and has the obligation and the duty to explain the situation in which they live and not to do that, they are psychologically damaging the child but they do well The child will know that he can be free to make the decision he wants.

Homophobia did not always exist, in ancient civilizations, such as the Romans, the Mayans, the Sumerians, the Chinese of the dynasty and the Greeks, sexual practices between people of the same sex were allowed and even considered sacred. Today, Homophobia is considered as a social problem since there is a large number of people belonging to both the homosexual community and the homophobic community and this has caused severe problems of discrimination and disputes in which both sides defend their position aggressively, leading to both verbal and physical attacks. In addition, as we know the church has a large number of followers who support the ideology that homosexuality is not natural, that it is an aberration against the church and make homophobic comments against the LGBT community, thus causing more physical and verbal.

Q3. Racism is the belief that members of a race possess specific characteristics, abilities or qualities attributed to that race. There are many types of racism, the two under discussion are individual racism and institutional racism. Individual racism: opinions or personal actions, offenses and explicit attacks that a person commits against another because of their race, with the intention of causing harm. The recent Christchurch incident in which a terrorist shot and killed around 50 Muslim individuals on a Friday congregation prayers falls under individual racism. Institutional racism means racial discrimination by governments, corporations, religious and educational institutions or other large organizations that influence the lives of people. Recent attitude of US government towards Syrian refugees in particular can be categorized as institutional racism.

References

Gee, Gilbert C. "A multilevel analysis of the relationship between institutional and individual racial discrimination and health status." American journal of public health 98.Supplement_1 (2008): S48-S56.

Herek, Gregory M. "Beyond" homophobia": A social psychological perspective on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men." Journal of homosexuality 10.1-2 (1984): 1-21.

Plumwood, Val, and R. Stollers. "Do we need a sex/gender distinction?." Radical Philosophy 51 (1989): 2-11.