Final Exam

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Final Exam

Question no.1

In the article entitled, “Trump immigration proposal emphasizes immigrants’ skills overfamily ties by Michael D. Shear” explains the President of the United States announced that an immigration reform that would significantly increase the requirements for education and qualifications to the detriment of family reunification. The President reveal a strategy to renovation parts of the state’smigration system thatwouldenforce new security procedure at the limit and significantly upsurge the instructive and assistances requirements forindividuals allowed to voyage to the America. The rejection of his plan by the Congress leaves little doubt, but the proposal is likely to be brandished as an electoral weapon. Taking up one of his favorite themes, Donald Trump presented an electoral plan.

There are pros and cons of the latest policy in US. The new migration policy will make the US immigration system "the pride of our nation and the envy of the modern world. The White House proposal has two objectives, on the one hand, put an end to illegal immigration and secure the southern border and, on the other hand, "modernize deeply" the system dysfunctional legal immigration.

People discriminate against geniuses, we discriminate intelligence, assuring that the US would now attract the "brightest" immigrants and anchoring its plan in economic and security motives. Donald Trump went on to say that the current system allows some immigrants to steal the work of American citizens. President Trump said the number of landed immigrants would remain stable, but would focus more on "merit," touting Canada on a number of occasions for its skilled worker immigration program. The White House plan provides green cards, which give foreign citizens permanent residence and allow them to work legally in the United States without a visa, to a new "build America" visa, which would be awarded based on points awarded according to "clear criteria" (Shear, 1).

The initiative is part of the government's plan to reduce the number of foreigners residing in the United States. Immigration officers who process residency requests would be required to find out more data to establish eligibility, which would include several factors. The new policy would significantly reduce immigration based on family ties, which has allowed landed immigrants to bring in family members for decades.

Currently, two-thirds of the 1.1 million new annual green card holders receive them because of family ties. The plan would ensure that 57% of green cards would now be awarded based on employment and skills, the president said.

Ironically, the parents of the president's wife, Melania, took advantage last year of the family reunification he denounces. Denouncing the "frivolous demands" of some asylum seekers who "abuse" the system, Donald Trump further asserted that requests from "legitimate" refugees would be "promptly accepted" and the others, "promptly refused". During his speech, the president did not discuss the situation of the Dreamers, these young undocumented immigrants taken to the United States by their parents as children. White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders said the plan did not include protective measures for these young people because the issue was too "divisive".

The plan was crafted by President and son-in-law Jared Kushner in collaboration with policy advisor Stephen Miller, who is known for his ambitions to toughen US migration policy. The migratory issue, at the center of the Republican presidential campaign in 2016, is therefore likely to be a major theme of next year's elections again. In recent decades, various migration reforms, put forward by Democrats or Republicans, have met with failure. In June 2018, the House of Representatives, where the Republicans were then in the majority, rejected a migration reform that Donald Trump had endorsed.

US President Donald Trump today announces a new immigration reform plan. The owner of the White House may propose a radical change in the principle of issuing green cards. President Trump will try to convince the public and legislators of the need to reduce the number of legal immigrants to one million one hundred thousand a year. To this end, the White House’s owner will propose abolishing the green card lottery, which now allows many foreigners to obtain a permanent residence permit in the United States, regardless of professional qualifications, education, and language skills. The authorities intend first of all to issue a green card not to the relatives of immigrants who have American citizenship, but to educated and highly qualified specialists, reports Reuters. The green card will be available to those who are fluent in English, have a degree and an invitation to work in the States. The plan was developed under the direction of son-in-law and senior adviser to President Jared Kushner. The White House needs to defend a plan in Congress, however now only 12% of all American green cards are issued taking into account the professional qualifications and education of those who receive them.

Question no.2

Assimilation is the process by which a set of individuals merges into a new, broader social framework. The best index of assimilation is the total disappearance of the specificities of the assimilated, which implies their renunciation of their culture of origin, the development of their personality and their atomization within the society which absorbs them. The assimilation model was called mestizo crucible or melting pot (literally potaje or mash culture ), taking this name from a play by the young immi- Jewish Jew Israel Zangwill (premiered in New York in 1908 with remarkable success), in which he affirmed that "America is the crucible of God, the great melting pot where The races of Europe are founded and reformed. " This melting pot of races (euro- peas) joined a series of typically American values, such as democracy, individualism or pluralism, creating a spontaneous process of social interaction where institutional interventionism was reduced or null.

Being American supposes to have a political identity that is not linked to cultural pretensions strong or specific "( Brader,et.al. 34). Therefore, the institutions were due limit to ensure an adequate playing field so that the mixture of races (fundamentally white) will interact in a context marked by the values of the American society. The first theories about the assimilation of immigrants were proposed by Robert Park and William Isaac Thomas (1) (members of the prestigious School of Chicago) in 1921. These authors established that the process of integration of immigrants has four stages; rivalry, conflict, adaptation and assimilation, define The latter being a phase whereby "individuals acquire memory, the feelings and attitudes of the other, and sharing their experience and history, they are integrated into a common cultural life

Assimilation can not be decreed. It is the result of a long psychological and social process that does not succeed without effort and without meeting a certain number of requirements. Integration and assimilation are above all individual approaches: it is the individual who must fit into the community and not the other way round. An assimilation process can only succeed by preserving, at all costs, the social cohesion of the host society.

Gordon identifies the conditions necessary for successful introduction into the host society, for example, the absence of prejudice and discrimination, as well as the struggle for power and value conflicts in society. This model, which Gordon called Anglo-conformity, that is, a mix with American society not only through ethnic interrelations but also through the assumption of American values, is what inspired American migration policies during the first half of the twentieth century. However, it did not apply to all immigrants equally, since from the beginning of that century there was a restriction of migratory flows and it was raised explicitly that the United States was not capable of absorbing all types of immigrants by the public authorities to encourage the entry of some more than others, based on the potential greater assimilation capacity of some groups (Gordon, 263).

At the first stage, cultural assimilation takes place, above all, the study of languages as a basic prerequisite for further steps. Next, there is a change in cultural patterns, including religion (growth of cultural level); large-scale entry into the primary groups of the receiving society (structural assimilation), large-scale intermarriage (association); assimilation identification;

lack of prejudice (assimilation of the perception of the relationship); and non-discrimination (assimilation of behavior perception);

no conflict with the authorities (civil assimilation). He distinguishes 7 sub-processes of assimilation:

- Cultural assimilation: individuals adopt the dominant traits of the host culture.

- Institutional assimilation: integration in the various institutions of the host society.

- Matrimonial assimilation: mixed marriage, whether or not it is widespread. It is considered the culmination of the process of assimilation.

- Sense of belonging: it is the subjective identity of individuals, if they identify with the society of origin or the host society.

- Welcome by society: individuals are no longer targeted by prejudices or discrimination

- Absence of conflicting values: absence of civic forces against assimilation.

There are several groups linked with Gordon and immigrant’s links. These immigrants, who obtained many facilities for to enter North American territory and establish themselves in good conditions, were those that met the standard of the WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant), those white, Anglo-Saxon preferentially, who professed the Protestant creed, although this was not an essential condition (for example, Catholics conversion was not imposed, but respect for Protestantism). Therefore, the Europeans were favored to the detriment of Asians, Latinos, etc.

Works Cited

Brader, Ted, Nicholas A. Valentino, and Elizabeth Suhay. "What triggers public opposition to immigration? Anxiety, group cues, and immigration threat." American Journal of Political Science 52.4 (2008): 959-978.

Gordon, Milton M. "Assimilation in America: Theory and reality." Daedalus 90.2 (1961): 263-285.

Shear, Michael D. "Trump Immigration Proposal Emphasizes Immigrants’ Skills Over Family Ties". Nytimes.Com, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-kushner.html.