Psychology Of Exeptional Children, Asigment 6

Psychology of Exceptional Children

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Pschyology of Exceptional Children

1) Having multiple disabilities entails suffering from more than one disabilities simultaneously. This renders any one program for special children useless for children with multiple disabilities. According to IDEA, a child who has both visual as well auditory disability is said to have deaf-blindness.

2) First, a teacher of the student may be able to identify certain symptoms in the child with multiple disabilities. Secondly, parents may notice some symptoms and they report it to the school administration for evaluation. Thirdly, some other members of school staff are able to pinpoint some symptoms and request parents for permission for further evaluation.

3) The support in early childhood will be focused on the basic functions of life such as breathing and voluntary muscle movement. During elementary schooling, features of support will be centered around reading, writing, performing mental tasks and concentrating on studies.

4) Hard of hearing implies that someone has a mild or moderate difficulty in hearing whereas deaf is a term used to describe people who have completely or almost completely lost their sense of hearing.

5) The major approaches are bilingual-bicultural, auditory, lip reading and total communication approach. Bilingual approach uses American Sign Language to help in communication and the auditory approach uses residual hearing and speech to help communicate. Lip reading is anioher approach in which the impaired child is taught to read lips to discover what people are saying. In total communication approach, many types of communication are used such as auditory, visual cues as well as sign language.

6) Refractive eye problems occur when refraction from eye does not fall on the specified portion of retina (nearsightedness, farsightedness). Muscle disorders are physical deformities in the eyes’ muscles, and one example of this is myasthenia gravis, a disorder in which eyelids get easily fatigued. Receptive disorders are those in which the reception and processing of light signals is impaired.

7) Language arts and science are two areas in which visually impaired children need to be taught extensively. This is because they are more convenient to learn and visually impaired children can apply themselves with less difficulty in these content areas.

8) Cognitive/speech impairment is a disorder associated with cerebral palsy. According to Meredith R. Golomb, 59% of all children with cerebral palsy had cognitive/speech disorder. Furthermore, 47% had epilepsy.

9) Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of Spina Bifida, which is the condition in which the backbone does not close around the spinal cord completely. Usually, a sac of fluid is present in backbone which leads to severe problems.

10) Muscular dystrophy leads to weakness in muscles of the body which severely hinders movement of an individual. Some major muscles such as hips and pelvic area as well as shoulders are affected. Therefore, walking, moving arms freely and even normal function of involuntary muscles is severely limited.

11) The first stage is acute HIV in which some flu like symptoms begin to show. The second stage is called chronic HIV in which the HIV virus continues to multiply inside the body. The final stage of HIV and the most severe one is AIDS, which oversees the drastic weakening of the immune system.

12) Cystic Fibrosis can be treated with anti-biotic medicine and lung transplantation. Medicine help to fight off infection and kill bacteria that might infect the lungs. Lung transplant is a lengthy procedure, which must be evaluated rigorously to determine if a patient truly needs a transplant.

References

Golomb, M. R., MacGregor, D. L., Domi, T., Armstrong, D. C., McCrindle, B. W., Mayank, S., & DeVeber, G. A. (2001). Presumed pre‐or perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: risk factors and outcomes. Annals of neurology, 50(2), 163-168.

Knoblauch, B., & Sorenson, B. (1998). IDEA's Definition of Disabilities. Reston, VA: ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education.