Humanistic Psychology

Title page

Motivation and Emotion

Motivation and Emotion

Motivation is crucial for all aspects of human life are responsible for initiating a direct process. Mental and behavioral territories are the central factors behind motivation. Psychology relies on thee elements for defining motivation that include activation, persistence, and intensity. Activation is the primary phase required for attaining a goal. this can also be viewed as a phase in which an individual prepares himself for the test. Persistence is the second element that reflects one’s efforts for working towards a goal. One manages to put all efforts and avoid distractions for the attainment of a target. Intensity is the third crucial element that refers to one's ability to stick to the goal. motivation is a desire that provides energy and directs behavior required for the completion of a certain task.

Primary drives are needed and also known as social motives. This explains the processes and conditions that arouse social motives such as thirst gives rise to the need for drinking water. Psychology identifies intrinsic motivation aroused by inner reward. The motivation for performing an action is for satisfying self. Extrinsic motivation works in the opposite direction that means actions taken for an external reward. Motivation to get a good grade is to receive appreciation from others. Drive-reduction theory is a biological approach that states that the internal mechanism of tension arousal convinces an individual to act. Drive reflects internal state of tension such as thirst or hunger drive. Yerkes-Dodson law explains that situations of intense pressure create motivation for people. behavioral and social cognitive theories are developed by psychologists for providing deeper analysis of motivation. Goals and personal feelings motivate individuals to perform better at jobs. needs that drive motivation can be salary, appreciation, and promotion. Expectancy theory explains that an individual is motivated to take action because he assumes that it will lead to improved outcome. Need for achievement is another effective component that drives motivation. People believe that their actions will make them proud. Goal orientation theory illustrates that the reason behind motivation is to attain one's goals or targets. They work hard for attaining their desires. Maslow's hierarchy of needs determines that factors that build motivation. Self-actualization allows an individual to realize their full potential. They realize that they are capable of performing better. This leads to the second stage of self-esteem. their desire to gain recognition or respect in society motivates them to attain their goal. their need to love also drives motivation. Individual's need for security such as better lifestyle, protection, and financial stability also affect motivation. Finally, the physiological need including food, shelter and better life motivates them to do better.

Emotional states have a strong correlation with motivation. It is defined as, “emotion as a state involving physiological arousal, a cognitive appraisal of the stimulus that brought about the state, and an outward behavior expressing the state” CITATION Sam14 \l 1033 (Wood, Wood, & Boyd, 2014). The James-Lange theory explains that when individuals become aware of their physiological responses it evokes emotions. Cannon-Bard theory states that emotions give birth to physiological needs. Schachter-Singer theory states that emotion is the product of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. According to Lazarus theory, the primary responsibility of emotion is a cognitive appraisal. Psychologists claim that although basic emotions are unlearned emotions vary among men and women. basic emotions can be fear, anger or facial expressions. Gendered emotions mean boys and girls respond to the same thing differently. These are learned emotions such as a boy wearing pink will receive criticism. Emotions are linked to one’s feelings such as happiness, sadness or anger.

Reference

Wood, S. E., Wood, E. G., & Boyd, D. (2014). Mastering the World of Psychology. Pearson Education Inc.