Evolutionary Perspective

Evolutionary Perspective

Author Note

Evolutionary Perspective

The systematic activities relative to evolutionary psychology delivers the ancient and theoretical background of development behaviors. Evolution comprises of Darwin's theories of natural and sexual selection, the current amalgamation of natural selection with gene theory, and the comprehensive fitness revolution. It has also a section on hominid development, ethology, and sociobiology in contrast to evolutionary psychology. A revolt is arising in the arena of evolution along with explanations of human behavior. These areas include immediate social origins and move toward deeper descriptions rational with ecology and evolutionary theory ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"b28vnI2k","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":583,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"itemData":{"id":583,"type":"article","title":"Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20091","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.). This revolt is manipulating the commercial disciplines such as biological and genetic science. The evolutionary perspective is the introduction of eminent researchers, theorists and various perspectives of psychology linked with evolutionary concepts. A number of researchers and scientists have described concepts of evolution including Leda Cosmides, John Tooby however, the most famous theory is Darwin's theory of natural selection. History has proved that evolution is a result of millions of years of adaptation of behaviors and characters. The history and theories of evolution and its evolutionary perspective in connection with psychology and the development of human behaviors are evaluated in this paper.

An evolutionary perspective is knowledgeable in expressions of genes. Genes that incline to yield creatures that endure and propagate in the environment produces creatures. Genes predominantly develop and propagate in the presence of suitable and favorable environments and ultimately, prevails in succeeding cohorts. In this way, genes related with the utmost probability of reproduction become best dominant in the populace. Therefore, over millions of years, only those genes will survive and propagate that have the capacity to become dominant and prevail. Those characteristics and traits will prevail among the population that has more tendency to sustain and cope with the evolving time. There are various structures and genes that do not change over time such as human structures, arms legs and so on. However, they also develop with natural selection. The systems and structures of the human body develop and adapt according to the change in the environment. The organs and structures that do not change over time are termed as obligatory. There are various behaviors that attract psychologists because they show revolutions such as changing of skin color shows facultative effect. Due to changing conditions, these structures adapt and change over time and show natural selection.

The mechanisms of survival of the fittest are concepts that involve an evolutionary perspective. The underlying mechanisms of evolutionary psychology are biological and genetic factors that are responsible for the development and adaptation to the environment. The theory of natural selection is scrutinized from millions of years of research on evolution. It is a scientific study of evolution from the perspective of adaptation and natural selection. The theory of natural selection describes that adaptation to the modern environment is only possible for those characters and traits that are most dominant and genetically fit. The genetically and biological fit organisms that adapt to their natural environment are progressing and evolving with time. History has shown how the most suitable and surviving characters and behaviors of humans are evolved through evolution and natural selection. The scientific theory is best suitable for the organisms that are developing and growing progressively. Human psychology is linked and connected with the evolutionary perspective in a way that it supports natural selection. The theory of natural selection and sexual selection in collaboration with the concepts of inheritance is best described by Buss in his book evolutionary psychology. The beginning of the human species and its growth with natural selection all affect the development of human psychology.

Environmental and genetic factors that influence structures to evolve and adapt to a changing environment are being analyzed and studied by various psychologists. The psychologists suggested that personality and behaviors often foster fitness. The fitness is described as the capacity to survive and become prevalent over time. The structures and behaviors that extinct with time are not suitable for evolution or are not selected through natural selection. These characters and behaviors are not genetically fit according to the theory of natural selection. Psychologists wish to explain certain behaviors of humans such as development and adaptation of behaviors over time, however, it would be best explained in terms of fitness ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ag692dv3pk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Book review,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Book review,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":584,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/QVWNIUHY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/QVWNIUHY"],"itemData":{"id":584,"type":"webpage","title":"Book review: Steven J C Gaulin and Donald H McBurney, Psychology: An evolutionary approach - ProQuest","URL":"https://search.proquest.com/openview/91cefc92e3b635b76a4b05cb04b2da4d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=37550","shortTitle":"Book review","language":"en"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Book review,” n.d.). Gaulin and McBurney have discussed various issues and viewpoints to significantly describe criticism and approaches of psychology to study behaviors. The most accepted criticism was to the approach of Lack of an over-arching theory of design. Certain social factors and elements often describe behaviors, for example, watching television or watching violent behavior. These behaviors can be explained by the theory of natural selection and also in terms of social interactions. According to this theory, the violent behavior is an adaptation and interpretation of aggressive and violent behaviors over time. These behaviors are often adapted in terms of the negative influences of the social environment ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2i0998o4da","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Book review,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Book review,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":584,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/QVWNIUHY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/QVWNIUHY"],"itemData":{"id":584,"type":"webpage","title":"Book review: Steven J C Gaulin and Donald H McBurney, Psychology: An evolutionary approach - ProQuest","URL":"https://search.proquest.com/openview/91cefc92e3b635b76a4b05cb04b2da4d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=37550","shortTitle":"Book review","language":"en"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Book review,” n.d.). The history and evolution of positive behaviors describe that only the fittest behaviors will be adapted and grow with time. The continuous development and progress of violent behaviors will ultimately result in violent behaviors in humans.

David M. Buss is a well-known researcher in the field of evolutionary psychology. He has described various concepts of evolutionary psychology with emerging and developing concepts of other psychologists. These theorists are not designated to only psychology however, they have a link with the biological sciences also. His knowledge and information with the passage of time encouraged him to develop an interest in the area of evolutionary psychology. Buss designates how his attention in evolutionary psychology was establishing though he was in graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1na9pnhdn0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":583,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"itemData":{"id":583,"type":"article","title":"Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20091","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.). He developed progress in the relative field when he became Assistant Professor at Harvard University. With concepts and perceptions of other scientists and researchers, his interests become more and more mature in the field of evolutionary psychology. The collaboration and association with other researchers and theorists including Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, Irv DeVore, Martin Daly, and Margo Wilson, the progress in the evolutionary psychology developed over time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1gcvn4af5j","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":583,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"itemData":{"id":583,"type":"article","title":"Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20091","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.). The theorists and influence of other scholars at the University of Michigan, Evolution and Human Behavior Group encouraged him to prosper in the field of evolutionary psychology.

The Mendel theory of inheritance and Darwinian Theory became the most demanding and well-known theories of the time. From the evolutionary perspective, the theory of inclusive fitness by Hamilton was also described by the writer. Other theories discussed in the book are reciprocal altruism by Triver’s theory and the collective theory of evolution and biological origin of human species was described in an evolutionary perspective. Buss has described the hypothesis development and testing of the hypothesis in his book. The idea of evolutionary psychology and the origin of human behaviors was an emerging field at that time. Various ideas were discussed regarding the evolutionary perspective including three major ideas that were: random noise, adaptation, and by-products by adaptation. Evolutionary psychologists focus more on adaptations of behaviors and mechanisms involved in the adaptations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1t16q81fph","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":583,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"itemData":{"id":583,"type":"article","title":"Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20091","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.). According to the Darwinian Theory, the concept of survival of the fittest is best explained in terms of adaptations. The survival of the fittest is a concept in which only the fittest organs and structures will survive as well as the most dominant behaviors having the ability and capacity to survive will continue to grow ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a13u28mv5nt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":583,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"itemData":{"id":583,"type":"article","title":"Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20091","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.). The survival depends on the adaptations and therefore, evolutionary psychologists are more interested in the study of adaptation.

The information and knowledge of evolutionary psychology also describe the discipline of cognitive psychology. The concept of evolution describes that cognitive development is also influenced by evolutionary development. The mechanisms of evolutionary psychology have been adapted and evolved over time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1ad4ea61mp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":583,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/LZPS3R8X"],"itemData":{"id":583,"type":"article","title":"Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20091","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library, n.d.). Buss has described how representation and display of other individuals and their behaviors influence the behaviors of humans. For example, the women displayed on media in modern time are been unintentionally involved in the underestimation of females at homes. The attractive nature of girls is under the influence of these women by which they usually discourage themselves. It means that behaviors are a by-product of surrounding and changes in the environmental. The adaptations of the modern environment according to the behaviors displayed on televisions are nurtured according to the influence of the environment. Simultaneously, the behaviors that develop from the influence of activities in the surroundings can be positive or negative ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a9d9ppe25r","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Book review,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Book review,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":584,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/QVWNIUHY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/QVWNIUHY"],"itemData":{"id":584,"type":"webpage","title":"Book review: Steven J C Gaulin and Donald H McBurney, Psychology: An evolutionary approach - ProQuest","URL":"https://search.proquest.com/openview/91cefc92e3b635b76a4b05cb04b2da4d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=37550","shortTitle":"Book review","language":"en"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Book review,” n.d.). In various circumstances, numerous psychological issues develop in the wrong way often outcome in depressive and stress disorders among individuals. Currently, it has been observed that these negative behaviors are more prevalent among humans. According to the evolutionary perspective, the development of aggressive and violent behaviors has a significant influence on the surroundings.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Book review: Steven J C Gaulin and Donald H McBurney, Psychology: An evolutionary approach - ProQuest. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/91cefc92e3b635b76a4b05cb04b2da4d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=37550

Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (2nd ed.) - Slama - 2005 - Psychology & Marketing - Wiley Online Library. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20091