2nd Assignment

2nd Assignment

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

2nd Assignment

Introduction:

Cognitional development refers to the development of mental processes that are involved in gaining knowledge, in thinking, comprehension, and recalling of events, and problem-solving skills. All these higher level skills are responsible for language development and developing imagination, and perception abilities in humans. Many theories have tried to explain how cognitive changes develop in children in terms of social, emotional and cognitive growth. Following are the few examples to understand the cognition development in individuals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"QxtKhkQK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Cognitive Development - Lisa Oakley - Google Books,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Cognitive Development - Lisa Oakley - Google Books,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1428,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/KD8L6X6W"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/KD8L6X6W"],"itemData":{"id":1428,"type":"webpage","title":"Cognitive Development - Lisa Oakley - Google Books","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=DI5ZvK3q_ogC&printsec=frontcover&dq=cognitive+development+psychology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiLuZywv_zgAhVb6nMBHScNDMwQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=cognitive%20development%20psychology&f=false","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,12]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Cognitive Development - Lisa Oakley - Google Books,” n.d.).

Discussion:

Different views exist in psychology regarding cognition in humans. According to Nativist view, certain cognitive abilities are native in human bodies that are hardwired into the brains, by birth. Many human’s capabilities like moral intuition and color preferences are innate in humans. Nature has provided the human mind its learning abilities as its default function. But according to Empiricist states that all the human knowledge and cognition development comes from its sensory experiences. They believe that the formation of ideas and thought is a result of empirical process. You see things around you that you learn.

However, Interactionists believe that social interactions are the result of cognitive development, i.e., language. When social interaction happens between child and adults, children learn new linguistic skills. Vygotsky, a social constructivist, laid the basis for the Interactionist view that considers adults as the key role player in the development of child’s linguistic skills ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4KNqjhUX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Theory of cognitive development,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Theory of cognitive development,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1416,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/MSBQUYTW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/MSBQUYTW"],"itemData":{"id":1416,"type":"webpage","title":"Theory of cognitive development","container-title":"ScienceDaily","abstract":"Although there is no general theory of cognitive development, the most historically influential theory was developed by Jean Piaget, a Swiss Psychologist (1896-1980). His theory provided many central concepts in the field of developmental psychology and concerned the growth of intelligence, which for Piaget, meant the ability to more accurately represent the world, and perform logical operations on representations of concepts grounded in the world. The theory concerns the emergence and acquisition of schemata - schemes of how one perceives the world - in \"developmental stages\", times when children are acquiring new ways of mentally representing information. The theory is considered \"constructivist\", meaning that, unlike nativist theories (which describe cognitive development as the unfolding of innate knowledge and abilities) or empiricist theories (which describe cognitive development as the gradual acquisition of knowledge through experience), it asserts that we construct our cognitive abilities through self-motivated action in the world.","URL":"https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/theory_of_cognitive_development.htm","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,12]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Theory of cognitive development,” n.d.).

There two main theories regarding cognitive development in humans. In Piaget's theory of cognition, development focus is on the development of the thought process. This theory studies the influence of thoughts on understanding and interactions with the external stimulus. He explains the four stages of mental development that influences the way we understand the world. These four stages became the basis for understanding the children's developmental stages. These stages were based on the biological growth of the child. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CjXGxvI6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(January 19 & 2019, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(January 19 & 2019, n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1418,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/7Y4KTNU3"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/7Y4KTNU3"],"itemData":{"id":1418,"type":"webpage","title":"Influential Theories About How Children Grow and Develop","container-title":"Verywell Mind","abstract":"Learn about some of the best-known theories explaining the factors that influence children's mental, emotional and social development.","URL":"https://www.verywellmind.com/child-development-theories-2795068","language":"en","author":[{"family":"January 19","given":"a board-certified physician | Updated"},{"literal":"2019"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,12]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (January 19 & 2019, n.d.).

However, Kohlberg’s Theory of moral developmental was inspired by the Piaget's work but the developmental dimensions that they studies are completely different. Kohlberg’s theory has six stages of moral development that are divided into three sections. He studies the development of morals according to different age progressions. Kohlberg’s theory is interested in the features of the community and it is considered as important in making the new morals, while parget's theory is purely based on the thought process at an individual level. Piaget's theory solely deals with the internal changes that happen in a child at the thought level, and how his responses change with his age. While all the development explained in Kohlberg's theory is based on the change in thinking and actions as a result of the surrounding community. In terms of social order and social contract ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"zfS5h12o","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Kohlberg and Piaget: differences and similarities: Journal of Moral Education: Vol 20, No 1,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Kohlberg and Piaget: differences and similarities: Journal of Moral Education: Vol 20, No 1,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1422,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/S8YV6BW9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/S8YV6BW9"],"itemData":{"id":1422,"type":"webpage","title":"Kohlberg and Piaget: differences and similarities: Journal of Moral Education: Vol 20, No 1","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0305724910200104?journalCode=cjme20","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,12]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Kohlberg and Piaget: differences and similarities: Journal of Moral Education: Vol 20, No 1,” n.d.).

Conclusion:

So we can say that all of these theories and point of views regarding cognitive development are different ways of thinking about human development from a young age. All of these theories are used today in modern studies to understand the child's behavior. These have paved the way for modern researchers to explore all various dimensions of human personality, growth, and interactions with its communities.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Cognitive Development - Lisa Oakley - Google Books. (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=DI5ZvK3q_ogC&printsec=frontcover&dq=cognitive+development+psychology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiLuZywv_zgAhVb6nMBHScNDMwQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=cognitive%20development%20psychology&f=false

January 19, a board-certified physician | U., & 2019. (n.d.). Influential Theories About How Children Grow and Develop. Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://www.verywellmind.com/child-development-theories-2795068

Kohlberg and Piaget: differences and similarities: Journal of Moral Education: Vol 20, No 1. (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0305724910200104?journalCode=cjme20

Theory of cognitive development. (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/theory_of_cognitive_development.htm