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Fallacies

Fallacies

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Fallacies

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Fallacies

A display of faulty reasoning that makes an argument invalid is called a Logical Fallacy. Logical Fallacy has two categories like Formal Fallacy and Informal Fallacy. Both categories have many sub-categories. Each type of the both categories has been discussed below.

Straw-man Fallacy

The straw-man fallacy is an informal fallacy that refers to arguing against an opponent by misrepresenting its position. BBC News on-aired a speech of American President Donald Trump on June 1, 2017. President Trump announced in a speech the American withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on climate blaming it an unfair agreement for the US. This speech is a straw-man fallacy because the speaker misrepresents the Agreement's position (Rieppel, O. 1992). He says in the speech that the Agreement consumes billions of dollars, but the output is little because it will decrease the global temperature by only 1 degree till 2030. I consider it a fallacy because every member of the Agreement knew since day first that the accord was not meant to decrease the global temperature but to keep a check on it. This argument of Mr. President makes him fallacious in his speech.

Anecdotal Fallacy

When a person uses an isolated event or personal experience to reach a conclusion, it is called Anecdotal fallacy. It is a type of formal fallacy (Schoenberg, J. 1966). Andrea Abrams Rockville wrote a letter about “Abortion on Demand” to the editor of The Washington Post on November 23, 2019. She claims by quoting an incident that women do not want to have an abortion, but they do that due to the doctors' warnings. She notes that the doctor horrifies a woman by saying that her child is affected by either Microcephaly or any other irreparable heart disease. Rockville appears fallacious because she has generalized one or two incidents of “Abortion of Demand” that she observed. There is a significant number of abortion cases in America that happen on the demand of pregnant women although they know that the fetus is healthy.

References

Rieppel, O. (1992). Homology and logical fallacy. Journal of evolutionary biology, 5(4), 701-715.

Schoenberg, J. (1966). A note on the logical fallacy in the paradox of the unexpected examination. Mind, 75(297), 125-127.

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