Analaysis

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Analysis

Introduction

Utilitarianism is essentially one of the most influential and prominent moral theories. The fundamental concept of morality refers to make life better by enhancing the amount of good as happiness in the world and removing the number of bad things as unhappiness. They thoroughly reject the moral systems or codes which comprise taboos or commands that adhere to the traditions, customs or the directions given by supernatural beings or leaders. However, affirming the credibility and rationality in the utilitarianism is a challenging task. There exist a wide range of issues and ambiguities within the utilitarianism approach. The principle of utility assumes an instrumental role in the paradigm of utilitarianism school of thought which aims at maximizing happiness. Besides, it is defined as the principle which disapproves or approves of each action as per the potential to diminish or supplement the happiness in a particular context. The utility generates the maxim of the net utility. It assesses the balance of happiness over unhappiness or the balance of good and bad consequences of a result. The unhappiness caused by the action is subtracted from happiness. When an action generates more happiness than unhappiness, it manifests in positive net utility.

Discussion

Moreover, it is essential to offer a brief analysis of the measures which determine the course of action. For instance, the collective unhappiness and happiness of each action are scrutinized. The computations of net utility always count everyone’s happiness equally without any discrimination. Unlike egoism, utilitarianism aims at dispensing benefits to each individual regardless of their input or influence. It is a reflection of the mindset and perception of the people of the 20th century. A wide range of the public has advanced to adhere to the beliefs of utilitarianism to enhance social justice, establish quality, promote the essential welfare or create the happiness for a plethora of people ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"b9JH8It0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Utilitarianism, Act and Rule | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy})","plainCitation":"(Utilitarianism, Act and Rule | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":283,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/A2S4DW23"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/A2S4DW23"],"itemData":{"id":283,"type":"webpage","title":"Utilitarianism, Act and Rule | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","URL":"https://www.iep.utm.edu/util-a-r/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Utilitarianism, Act and Rule | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy). The utilitarian school of thought is obliged to decrease the unhappiness and enhance happiness in the world.

As discussed in the example, a teacher advances to give A to each student in the class regardless of their input or efforts in the exam. Primarily, the teacher aimed at creating a win-win solution for each child but there exist other reasons which may or not be included in the structure of utility. Several critical dimensions need to be assessed and investigated to determine the other reasons and factors which supplement the overall utility. First, it is imperative to highlight the manifestations of the positive aspects associated with the act of the teacher. The happiness for students of the class will be nothing else than clearing the exams with maximum grades. Since utilitarianism defies the principles of egoism, each student is granted equal grades. Thus, the happiness of each student of the class is maximized under the influence of the utilitarianism school of thought. Meanwhile, there exist several other aspects which ought to be assessed and measured to determine the utility and the net utility generated by the act.

Besides, utilitarianism advances to focus entirely on the outcome and maximizing happiness without paying any heed to the basis of the action to be right or wrong ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"QUn5JdE1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Utilitarianism | Philosophy Talk})","plainCitation":"(Utilitarianism | Philosophy Talk)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":285,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/5ZUXYJ3B"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/5ZUXYJ3B"],"itemData":{"id":285,"type":"webpage","title":"Utilitarianism | Philosophy Talk","URL":"https://www.philosophytalk.org/shows/utilitarianism","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Utilitarianism | Philosophy Talk). The value of happiness often gets overridden under several circumstances. For instance, the aspect of value is often different for several people. It is the desire of the people to deem happiness the way they want to. Some will prefer freedom while some will be inclined toward working under the supervision of a person regardless of the strict or lenient attitude. However, the case is not the same in the context of the grading. It will be rare that student may aspire not to have the best grades in the class.

In addition, the happiness of the teacher will also be maximum after grading the children with the maximum grades. One can postulate it can be the utmost desire of the teacher to teach the class in such an immaculate manner that each child manages to get A grade. To accomplish the desire, the teacher utilized the utilitarian principle to give the best grades to the student regardless of their performance is good or bad. Irrefutably, the act of the teacher maximizes utility to a significant extent. Had the teacher been prejudiced toward someone, he would have prevented from granting hi the maximum grades. However, the children never performed such act which is an explicit illustration of the act adhering to the collective happiness and thus is aiming at maximizing the net utility. A critical appraisal of the matter reflects there exist several contentious matters in the example. First, if the student is related to the nursing profession, giving them A grade without considering their performance may not prove productive to a maximum extent. The other members of the community may suffer from the consequences when the students treat the later in the future. Under these critical circumstances, the net unhappiness can outweigh happiness. It is an intriguing factor worth pondering.

However, the previously deliberated idea can be responded and argued based on the paradigm of utilitarianism that what if the student were already skilled and was equipped with medical knowledge. Numerous other limitations can be argued to potentially confront the contentious argument. Another aspect is considering the student will manage to have a plethora of opportunities in the schools, colleges or universities to learn and the grades of a specific class will not affect the overall health of the community ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"m9kfNn8i","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Utilitarianism - New World Encyclopedia})","plainCitation":"(Utilitarianism - New World Encyclopedia)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":287,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/NJY8Y3YR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/NJY8Y3YR"],"itemData":{"id":287,"type":"webpage","title":"Utilitarianism - New World Encyclopedia","URL":"https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Utilitarianism","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Utilitarianism - New World Encyclopedia). This, by far, is the most striking argument to primarily aid the net utility. In addition, another reason can be the happiness of the parents of the students. One can argue the parents will never desire their children to be rewarded A grades without assessing their efforts and performance. For instance, parents wish to be aware of the routine, performance and grades of children. It raises a valid point against the net utility as it will be decreased once the parents become unhappy.

The onus lies on the teacher to decide whether or not to inform the parents. If the teacher decides not to inform the parents, the net utility will expand tremendously. Both parents and children will progress to be happy and maximize the utility in true letter and spirits. Thus, the previous argument of parents not being happy will never exist in the first place. In case the teacher decides to inform the parents, which is highly unlikely, the net utility will be ambiguous. The parents of competent children that their children would have got the best grades under other circumstances while the parents of below average children may not endorse the act. Such critical are the manifestations of the utility in this case. It can be established that the net utility lies at the very heart of maximizing happiness in the example derived from specific scenarios and assumptions.

It is worthy to mention the student may get potential assistance from the grades in future endeavors. Getting admission in the college or university and in the long-term, acquiring a job can also be associated with the practice for granting A grade to each student. It further maximizes the value of net utility by adding other possible variables with the outcome of happiness.

Conclusion

The principle of utilitarianism harnesses the act of the teacher by maximizing the net utility. The teacher advances to make all the students happy and also feels happy to have a class filled with intelligent students. A wide range of other reasons contribute to making it contentious but the critical assessment of the matter reflects the consolidation of the net utility. For instance, the students will have better opportunities to be enrolled in colleges or accomplishing a good job by obtaining top grades. Moreover, the parents will also cherish the success of the children if the teachers prevent from telling the parents about the grading scheme. All these values are an explicit illustration of the factors supplementing the utility. However, there also exists an instance where the value decreases and the act becomes impermissible in the context of utilitarianism. If all the students were not competent and were in the last year of their medical practice or college, it would have cast the worst impacts. The patients in the medical settings would have received the adverse impact as the students will be incompetent. It can be termed as a rare and worst case scenario. The guiding principle of utilitarianism in each kind has glorified the metrics of observing the utility and happiness ratio. The morality of the issue pertains to the manifestation of happiness produced from it. Irrefutably, the approach has received criticism because of entirely overlooking the morality and intention of the act. However, granting top grades to the children maximizes the happiness, supplements the net utility value and advances for the welfare of the community.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Utilitarianism | Philosophy Talk. https://www.philosophytalk.org/shows/utilitarianism. Accessed 7 May 2019.

Utilitarianism - New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Utilitarianism. Accessed 7 May 2019.

Utilitarianism, Act and Rule | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://www.iep.utm.edu/util-a-r/. Accessed 7 May 2019.