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RUNNING HEAD: EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemiology
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Age
Rate (Australia)
Rate (Indonesia)
0-14
1.8989
4
15-39
7.7378
12
40-44
30.8801
38
45-49
64.600
66
50-54
115.1709
120
55-59
188
185
60-64
313
262
65-69
458
436
70-74
656
645
75+
1515
1097
In the above table, we have calculated death rates per 100000 in Australia and Indonesia. We see that rate in Australia is lower than Indonesia in younger age groups whereas in the older age groups, rate is higher in Australia as compared to Indonesia. There is an increase in mortality rates as people get older with the highest rates in people over 75 years of age. There is a considerable difference between populations of two countries. Indonesia has a much larger population but it has lower mortality rates in almost all the age groups.
Country
Total Deaths
Total Population
Total Rate
Australia
43403
23218618
187
Indonesia
215217
244681612
88
There is a much higher death rate in Australia as compared to Indonesia on the aggregate. This is shown in the table above in the last column showing that rate in Australia is 187 per 100000 and that in Indonesia is 88 per 100000.
Graph
Above graph shows a comparison of Death rates in Australia and Indonesia showing that Australian population is much more vulnerable to the disease discussed, especially people over 75 years of age. As far as rates are concerned, highest increase in rate is seen between the last two age groups. For first five to six age groups, there is hardly any difference between the two countries as shown by coinciding lines. In the age group 60-64, there is a slight gap between rates of two countries. In case of Australia, there is a sharp rise in mortality rate in the last two age groups. Although Indonesia has also shown a rise in mortality rates, the hike in its mortality rate is less evident.
Australian population has shown an increase in numbers for first two classes of population. The number of deaths have decreased for the third population group but there has been an increase in rate of deaths because there is a lower population in this age group. From third to fourth age groups, there is a huge increase in number of deceased persons.
Ages
Rates Indonesia
Rates Australia
Population rate Ind
Population rate Aus.
0-14
3.965533086
1.89
10.36626039
4.9406301
15-39
11.77970976
7.74
46.37212322
30.4693614
40-44
37.8675285
30.88
24.94599175
20.3428176
45-49
65.86232207
64.6
39.76701145
39.004834
50-54
120.5091507
115.17
64.69051717
61.8244077
55-59
185.0906939
188
84.1866512
85.50992
60-64
261.9944127
313
97.42786223
116.39531
65-69
436.4063601
458
129.132642
135.5222
70-74
645.3478327
656
142.4934
144.92352
75+
1096.642532
1515
336.0112718
464.196
Above table shows proportion of Australia and Indonesia from World deceased population from cancer using rate of deaths per 100000 as a base. We have divided the rate by 100000 and multiplied it by the population given in world.
There is a sharp increase in individual country rates of death per 100000 people in the age group pf 40-44 years of age. However, there is a slight decrease in the rate of same age group when population standardized rates are calculated which may mean that there are even more people in other countries of the world who suffer from disease in this age group. The highest world standardized rates are experienced by people aged 75+ years for both countries.
Part 2
3614/465280*100000 = 777
1791/156415*100000 = 1145
Rate ratio = 777/1145
= 0.68 which means that people who sat > 8 hours per day had 68% more rate of mortality as compared to those who sit less than 8 hours per day
368 which means that thee are 368 more cases of mortality per 100000 in people sitting more than eight hours than those who sit less than eight hours a day.
(1791/5405)
= 0.331 which means that 33.1 percent of chance is attributable to sitting more than 8 hours per day.
5405/621695*100000
869 which means that there are 869 people per 100000 who die of sitting more than eight hours a day
5405/465280*100000
1162
<8
>8
3614
1791
5405
465280
156415
621659
1791/5405
0.331
g)156415/621659
0.25 which means that population attributable factor is only 25% in case of people sitting more than eight hours per day.
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