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The theme of Democracy in Modern Literature

In the twentieth century, with the rise of industrialization, capitalism emerged which gave birth to democracy. Feudalism and suppression of rights of layman ended when equality of rights laid a strong basis in society. With the change in the world, came a change in the style of writing literature as well.

Democracy became the key element for writers when they produced any form of literature. This was being done in order to spread awareness of equity among people. The most eminent poet to write on the theme of democracy is Walt Whitman for in his “Songs of Myself” he wrote(KATEB);

“I am the poet of slaves and I am the poet of the masters of the slaves.”

When the Slave Emancipation Act was passed, people started speaking for their rights and this was evident from the topics people were choosing to write upon. As Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote Scarlet letter against women subjugation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ugnPgOjM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Reynolds)","plainCitation":"(Reynolds)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":132,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/Q5KPNW7G"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/6hWtnKoy/items/Q5KPNW7G"],"itemData":{"id":132,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Scarlet Letter and Revolutions Abroad","container-title":"American Literature","page":"44-67","volume":"57","issue":"1","source":"JSTOR","archive":"JSTOR","DOI":"10.2307/2926312","ISSN":"0002-9831","author":[{"family":"Reynolds","given":"Larry J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1985"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Reynolds). This novel demanded democracy with a feministic approach and demanded equity for all. Industrial Revolution brought changes to every medium of life and literature was representing the sentiments of people.

Literature is itself democracy for all and sundry and it is the easiest mode of claiming for justice as people can demand what they desire. People can state what they like and express their sentiments. This theme was being used by American Modernist Writers to dive deep in the ocean of literary advancements.

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY KATEB, GEORGE. “Walt Whitman and the Culture of Democracy.” Political Theory, vol. 18, no. 4, Nov. 1990, pp. 545–71. SAGE Journals, doi:10.1177/0090591790018004004.

Reynolds, Larry J. “The Scarlet Letter and Revolutions Abroad.” American Literature, vol. 57, no. 1, 1985, pp. 44–67. JSTOR, JSTOR, doi:10.2307/2926312.

Ideal Women In

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Title: The Ideal Women

William Wordsworth’s poetry is characterized by the poet’s visionary sympathy with the countryside of his birth, which was more powerful for him than any conventional religion. His association with Nature has given him his true education. His poetry provides an affirmation of the relationship between the natural world and the inner self of man. His poetic style was nearer to the folk-poetic style, plain and bare, devoid of decorative figures of speech. Nature provides a direct personal experience to the poet. The love of nature is a distinguishing feature of all that romantic English generation, as Keats suggests that poetry is the outcome of man's ability to fuse with nature and his surroundings, and Wordsworth also remained true to the Romantic era. His two poems "The Solitary Reaper" and "She was a Phantom of Delight", also delivers his ideas about why one needs to stay connected with the nature to find joy and pleasure in the ordinary things.

The “Solitary Reaper” is a beautiful poem, the writer hears a lady singing in the distance, “Alone she cuts and binds the grain / And sings a melancholy strain” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"214k6JlX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","plainCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1151,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"itemData":{"id":1151,"type":"webpage","title":"The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth | Poetry Foundation","URL":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45554/the-solitary-reaper","author":[{"family":"WORDSWORTH","given":"WILLIAM"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (WORDSWORTH). The first stanza describes what the woman is doing with the details, standing alone, singing a melody and cutting grain. These lines indicate she is doing something in harmony with nature, she merges with nature as she stands within the natural environment. In this way, the poet links a human to nature's wild creature. She is unstoppable as nature. She is cutting and tying up the grain or corn as she sings “O listen for the vale profound / is overflowing with the sound” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"214k6JlX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","plainCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1151,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"itemData":{"id":1151,"type":"webpage","title":"The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth | Poetry Foundation","URL":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45554/the-solitary-reaper","author":[{"family":"WORDSWORTH","given":"WILLIAM"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (WORDSWORTH). The poet never sees this lady but he admires her singing as she continues to work, and her music stays with him long after he is gone. The language in which the woman is singing is alien to the poet and so, he tries to decipher varied meanings of the song. He ideates that the song might be about some prolonged past sorrow or about something more recent.

Her song is very melodious and it stretches the limits of space. The poet also associates the songs by her with the beautiful cries of birds, famous in the romantic poetry, “A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard / In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"214k6JlX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","plainCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1151,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"itemData":{"id":1151,"type":"webpage","title":"The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth | Poetry Foundation","URL":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45554/the-solitary-reaper","author":[{"family":"WORDSWORTH","given":"WILLIAM"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (WORDSWORTH). Finally, he tries to fathom her song. Listening to her with utmost devotion he draws several conclusions but one thing he is sure is that something wrong has happened either in the past or has happened recently and can happen again that worries her. Her voice seems to fill up the poet’s soul and has a deep impact on him. Likewise, anyone other than the poet will also feel the same and as the melodious vocals will touch heart and emotions deeply and it will be remembered even it was no more heard, “The music in my heart I bore / Long after it was heard no more” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"214k6JlX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","plainCitation":"(WORDSWORTH)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1151,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/orkqtrjP/items/MYWNLS82"],"itemData":{"id":1151,"type":"webpage","title":"The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth | Poetry Foundation","URL":"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45554/the-solitary-reaper","author":[{"family":"WORDSWORTH","given":"WILLIAM"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (WORDSWORTH).

In the poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud", Wordsworth’s heart is filled with the pleasure due to the sight of daffodils dancing, the breeze, “And then my heart with pleasure fills / And dances with the daffodils”. Likewise, the happiness of daffodils cheer him up, the melodious song of the lady also fills his heart with pleasure, and the memory of both will remain in his heart as it touched his soul and both transcends time. He continues with his journey still trying to comprehend the meaning. The song had etched into his heart making his usual journey through the nature unusual and worth remembering.

"She was a Phantom of Delight" is another poem written by Wordsworth, extends the qualities and traits of the woman he considers ideal (Wordsworth). It is also presumed that he wrote this poem for his wife Mary Hutchinson. This poem is also a lyrical ballad like most of his poems dividing into three stanzas of 10 lines each. All three stanzas are also declared as the three phases of a relationship. The first stanza shares the qualities that are apparent in the first sight. The first line sets the tone of rest of the poem, “She was a Phantom of delight” (Wordsworth). When he first saw her, she describes how delightful was that experience that he did not consider her flesh and blood but a spiritual being. He associates her beauty with the infinite beauty of nature, “Her eyes as stars of Twilight fair / Like Twilight’s, too, her dusky hair” (Wordsworth). In these lines, the poet describes her in an ethereal way. He also depicts her as a woman of exceptional beauty traits, and something that is out of the human world. That is why he calls her a "spirit" yet a human creature, "A Spirit, yet a Woman too” (Wordsworth).

The second stanza describes as the poet gets the opportunity to observe her closely, though she is unreal as the spirit but as a human too. She is soft and gentle as she moves between the house, illustrating her humanly qualities and traits. Looking at her face reminds the poet of the sweet promises. The realistic image of her is created when the poet says she is also a creature but "not too bright or good” (Wordsworth). The next few lines also describe her human qualities and feelings such as, "Praise, blame, love, kisses, tears, and smiles”. Moving towards the next stanza, it also illustrates the traits discovered by discovering that creature more closely. She is a machine and a human at the same time. She is the perfect woman, who knows how the balance her balance and responsibilities, “A Traveler between life and death” (Wordsworth). Her interests have a clear division, she is a mild who keeps harmony in everything she does, and the poet believes that she is created in a grand way by God. He sums up the poem in last two lines "And yet a Spirit still, and bright / With something of angelic light” (Wordsworth). This means that in spite of all her humanly abilities and traits, she seems like a divine creature, shining bright and leaving sparkle in his eyes.

To sum up, William Wordsworth's poetry has a deep role in nature. As of him, poetry is the omni-comprehensive deity that enables him to have a conversation with nature and awakes his senses. Both the poems give an ideal image of women in his poetry and give an idea that one who is connected with nature is able to see the beauty in every aspect of nature. Women is also one of the beautiful creatures of Almighty. These poems also take the reader to the notion, "Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder". William Wordsworth is able to see the beauty in the simple things, dancing daffodils and a singing woman performing her duties in a delightful manner. In both the poems, he sees an ordinary creature something belonging to the other world, something that can give pleasure and solace to one’s heart and soul. The beauty of everything is nature is entangled, and the ability to look for the beauty in ordinary things can make someone's world amazing.

Works Cited

Wordsworth, William. She was a Phantom of Delight. Ter Lugt Press, 1980.

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM. The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth | Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45554/the-solitary-reaper. Accessed 5 Oct. 2019.

In Things Fall Apart, By Chinua Achebe, The Main Character Okonkwo Has Good Intentions But Because Of His Flaws Cannot See A Positive Resolution To His Troubles.

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Things Fall Apart

Things Fall Apart is a novel written by Chinua Achebe, a Nigerian novelist. It was his first novel and also the main reason he is called “the patriarch of the African novel.” The novel is renowned as one of the seminal works of the African literature and has been translated into more than 50 languages. Achebe published the novel in 1958. The central theme of the novel is the clash of the native Africans and their culture with the influence of the white Christian missionaries and their colony in Nigeria. The novel Things Fall Apart is the story of a man Okonkwo who is ambitious and works hard in his life to achieve what his father could not, but the flaws in his personality take his happiness and he is devastated. The protagonist of the novel is Okonkwo and through the story and the plot, the conflict of the Africans and the White Christians is made clear.

The protagonist of the novel Okonkwo is having a struggle within himself. That struggle of him is against the possibility of becoming like his father that was known to be lazy and effeminate. At a very young age, he realized that his father was a laughing stock for the people of the clan. Even as a young boy he used to begrudge his father's failure and flaw, and even now he still recollected how he used to suffer when a friend told him that his father was agbala (Achebe, 1958). The term agbala translated to woman, because he was idle and was afraid of war and the sight of blood, and used to drink all the time and play his flute. Okonkwo did not want to end up like his father. He wanted to be respected and worked really hard for that. The struggle that he put in getting respect from the people worked for him, as Okonkwo was popular all over the nine villages and even outside. His prominence rested on hard personal accomplishments (Achebe, 1958). He gained this respect by defeating a wrestler Amalinze who was unbeaten for the past seven years. As he was only eighteen at that time and brought this huge fame to his village this being the reason the victory opened the doors of success for him. Okonkwo fears to end up like his father, whom people made fun of. To overcome this fear he tried his best and works really hard so that the people around him don’t call him agbala, and his hard work is fruitful as he gets the fame and respect that he was longing for.

Okonkwo earns respect and success. He is a fearless chap and a man of actions. He never fears anything. However there is a tragic flaw with his nature that does not let him move forward, and that is his rigidity and unforgiving nature. In his struggle of becoming the opposite of his father, he shaped his personality in a way that he grew a deep-lying fear of weakness and failure. It was not outside but was profound inside himself. It was the dread of himself, in case he would be found to look like his father (Achebe, 1958). Okonkwo was not afraid of the usual things like magic and invisible stuff, that people are usually scared of, rather his fear grew out of the fact that he may end up becoming like his father. This fear of him lied deep inside him and became a permanent part of his personality. This created a desire in him to not be like his father and to be the real man and a macho. In his opinion, he was a success as he owns a barn full of yams and also has three wives (Achebe, 1958). Finally, he succeeded in achieving all that his pitiful father could not. This was a big achievement for him because all of his desires revolved around his wish to be the opposite of his father.

Okonkwo achieved all the things that he wanted to and that made him think that a man cannot be defeated if he is firm in his ambitions. This idea of him is related to the concept of free will and fate. The belief that he is in absolute control of his own destiny is of the central importance to him. There was a proverb famous among the people of Ibo that when a man says yes his chi says yes also. Okonkwo said yes very strongly; so his chi agreed (Achebe, 1958). The fate was nowhere a part of his victory against the famous wrestler, rather the credit was given to the strong will of Okonkwo. It was his determination and aggression that led him this far and lifted him up from the status of being a son of a debtor to the leader of the clan. However, he came too far in his determination and aggressive attitude. His aggression and rash behavior gets him evicted out of the village after that things start getting sour for him. He rejects the new beliefs and systems introduced by the white colonials and their Christian missionaries. Though his intentions were not ill, he just wanted to keep the tradition and the dignity of the clan alive. He kills one of the officers of the British district office out of aggression, his people back away in fear. This makes him realize that none of them will support him in his stubbornness. Realizing his defeat at the end, he commits suicide and dies a disgraceful death just like his father.

Okonkwo was not a bad person rather he was a good person, who had manly qualities and was determined to achieve high aims in his life. He only had a tragic flaw that leads to his fall, and that was his stubbornness and the quality to not forgive. He was so firm that he could not accept the change and this became the reason for his fall.

Works Cited

Achebe, C. (1958). THINGS FALL APART. New York, 1994: ANCHOR BOOKS.

Intro To Hums

Is It Fate Or Nah?

Is It Fate or Nah?

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Author Note

Poems from the Exeter

Is It Fate or Nah?

Before William the Conqueror established his rule on England in 1066, it was ruled by the Anglo-Saxons (450-1066 CE). In the 5th Century, these Germanic tribes conquered the British tribes and established a detailed poetry tradition that continues to this day. This tradition included poetry that reflects loss and pain as part of their fate. In their poems, you can often see themselves in sorrow and pain living through tragic times and bearing all the burden in the world. Let us take the example of three of these poems from the Exeter book to further elaborate how the Anglo-Saxons perceived themselves.

In the poem The Seafarer, the reader can clearly see that the poet is trying to reflect that it is the fate of an Anglo-Saxon to endure the hardships at sea and the sail long distances in ill-equipped boats so that their wife and children could be able to enjoy two square meals in a day. In lines 69-75 of the poem, it can be clearly read that the sailor cites the sorrow that it is his fate to fall to his death, be it from old-age, illness or the sword of his enemy. Therefore, he should make the best of it and reap as much profit as he possibly can.

In the poem The Wanderer, again the poet cites the same fate of pain and sorrow in the opening lines of the poem as he wanders the earth as a lonely traveler. He is “the wanderer” that have no one to call his own as all his fellows have been killed and wander the earth in exile [Lines 5-6]. The poet reflects on his ill-fate full of pain and sorrow as wanders the wanders the earth to find someone that he would call his own, someone who he would comfort him in these sad times as he wanders the frozen waves aimlessly in search of peace, a place and people to call his own [Lines 23-25].

In the poem The Wife’s Lament, the poet tries to show how the other side of the suffering of the Anglo-Saxon soldier, the wife that is waiting for his return from home. A wife of an Anglo-Saxon, who is on one of his travels, cites that it is her fate to be in an emotional exile due to her husband’s many hardships. She says that it is her fate “to divide us two/ so we most widely in the world’s kingdom” [Lines 12-13]. This also represents the recurring theme of ill-fate wrapped in the cloak of pain and suffering of an Average Anglo-Saxon tribe member.

To conclude the argument, we can often see that the Anglo-Saxons were not as stony as it is thought by most historians. They were people that had a strong belief that fate was the main driver of all walks of human life. In the first paragraph, we can clear that an Anglo-Saxon sailor clearly sees that it was fate that made sure that he ended up at sea, enduring the hardships that are the cost of being a seafarer. The story continues as he next finds himself in a barren wasteland when most of his fellow brother-in-arms is either killed or captured and he is “destined” to wander these unknown lands (Patrick, 2013). While in the third poem, his wife longs for her husband’s return and cites that it is the fate that separates the husband and wife. Clearly, we can see a kind of flow that connects the fate of Anglo-Saxon men with that of their women.

References

Patrick, W., C. (2013). The Exeter Book - Medieval Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - obo. Retrieved 21 January 2020, from https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396584/obo-9780195396584-0094.xml

Is It Real

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Is it Real?

Mass Hysteria is when a large group or community of people is extremely overwhelmed by fear and anxiety and resultantly, they ignore any kind of logic and rationale. Members of the group start to feed off the terror and fright of other members of the group and it soon develops into hysteria. In The Crucible, the theme of hysteria is prevalent throughout the plot and the actions of all the characters support the thesis that hysteria plays a chief role in tearing apart a society or a community and completely displaces logic CITATION Mil15 \l 1033 (Miller). The characters completely turn against their neighbors, whom they have known for years and start to accuse them on account of worshipping the devil and practicing witchcraft. The community, as a whole, begins to have a staunch belief in the legitimacy of the origins of fear.

There were a lot of different ways in which hysteria was manifested during various points in the novel, but the primary act of hysteria was that it fully wrecked the community and people of Salem.

The plot follows the deceit of a small group of young girls and the effects this lack of honesty had on the simple lives of the Puritan people of Salem. Many innocent people were accused of witchcraft and were involved in trials, which had horrible consequences. The novel is a true depiction of the fact how greed, dishonesty, superstition and mass hysteria can claim the lives of many people and trigger a grave lack of trust among the members of a community.

Mass hysteria serves as a blessing in disguise for a few people in the community because it allows them to rigorously act on their darkest desires and deep-rooted hatred for some people, all under the face-saving protection of religion.

Set in a theocratic town, which entails the church and state acting as one entity, the code of ethics and the state laws are the same for everyone. The public fully considers all the private actions and matters of an individual's life with concern and there is no stretch of imagination which regards the public and private matters as separate.

In the plot, all and sundry is the possession of either God or the devil and this is the underlying cause of the Salem trials. Due to the absence of any possibility for any kind of divergence from the established norms, many innocent lives were accused of wrongdoings and ultimately were sentenced to death.

Mass hysteria can be considered as a critical theme of the plot which led people to believe that members of their community are responsible for committing preposterous crimes that are against the code of conduct in a theocratic society. This widely spread, egregious emotion was accepted by everyone in the town within days and made them ignore reason regarding justice and sacrifice, for their neighbors. Such reactions did not stem from the religious piety of the townsfolk. Instead, long-suppressed feelings of vengeance and hatred steered these misdeeds.

Even the most moral people in the society who are known for their high standards of piety and reverence, thrive on the negative effects of hysteria. In the plot, the reverend of the town strengthens his position while feeding the fear of God to the people of the community and in the wake of events, becomes responsible for making a very innocent man, a victim of his authority.

The plot is a true portrayal of the fact that mass hysteria grows vigorously because people in a community reap benefits out of it. Under the false cover of religious fervor, people can act in the most terrible ways at the expense of innocent lives to feed their hatred and darkest desires.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Miller, Arthur. The crucible. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015.

Jazz And The Blues Are Important Themes In The Writings Of Both Langston Hughes And Zora Neale Hurston, And The Art Of William H Johnson.

Jazz and Blues

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Institution

Jazz and Blues

Literature and music have turned into a sprouting and prospering zone. Numerous authors think about music as the recuperating and remedial power against coercion in the society. The ugliness delivered and forced on humanity can be defeated through music as an appealing component. The incredible account of the Jazz and Blues are the upheaval of the repressed that has for quite some time been accumulated in the outlook of the Afro-Americans which found an articulation in the music and literature that spoke about the agony and battle in an obvious manner ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lFRl3TDP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Simawe, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Simawe, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":434,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/FRJLIEYL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/FRJLIEYL"],"itemData":{"id":434,"type":"book","title":"Black Orpheus: Music in African American Fiction from the Harlem Renaissance to Toni Morrison","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Black Orpheus","author":[{"family":"Simawe","given":"Saadi A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Simawe, 2002). Enslavement prompts imaginative ability and Jazz and Blues are one among them.

The impression of Jazz and blues can be found in Langston Hughes’ writings, the man who is a central poet of Harlem renaissance and who introduced the people to Jazz and Blue themes. Hughes has contributed tremendously to Jazz and Blues. Afro-American culture was praised in his writings. Hughes is frequently alluded to as the creator of Jazz and Blue themes as he was the primary Afro-American to exploit both jazz and blue themes in his lyrics ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"LLRxcyXk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Miller, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Miller, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":436,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/EBKI7S5N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/EBKI7S5N"],"itemData":{"id":436,"type":"book","title":"The Art and Imagination of Langston Hughes","publisher":"University Press of Kentucky","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Miller","given":"R. Baxter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Miller, 2015). Racial discrimination was questioned in his writings. He, in his poems, accentuates on the rights for Afro-Americans. The Harlem Renaissance discusses major issues concerning race, such as religion, politics and music. The epoch was a centenary of Creativity, precisely a renaissance of the Afro-Americans. The Weary Blues by Hughes is a standout amongst the best jazz ballads in African-American Literature.

I heard a negro play

Down the Lenox Avenue the other night

By the pale dull pallor of an old gas light

He did a lazy sway...

While the Weary Blues echoed through his head.

He slept like a rock or a man that’s dead.

As clearly depicted in the last line that the artist appears to bear the aching. The vocalist discharges his agony, outrage, disappointment, and feel sorry for lastly, he rests in harmony which can only be accomplished by a deceased man.

Langston Hughes’ works rendered the rhetoric of civil rights movement. His poems and had a profound impact on Afro-American. Harlem Renaissance was resonated owing to his writings. Hughes' attention to the situations he confronted—and his inventive reaction to those problems—can be found in his acclaimed exposition "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," which was distributed in a similar year as The Weary Blues. He contends for the opportunity of the dark artist to expound on "magnificence of his own kin" and he revokes any minor "aping of things white" ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2ogDXwAl","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Miller, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Miller, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":436,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/EBKI7S5N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/EBKI7S5N"],"itemData":{"id":436,"type":"book","title":"The Art and Imagination of Langston Hughes","publisher":"University Press of Kentucky","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Miller","given":"R. Baxter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Miller, 2015). Hughes especially appreciates dark plebeians—whom he calls “the low-down folks” regardless they stand their ground.

Air was filled with jazz and blues theme amid Harlem Renaissance following the release of Zora Neal’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. The work of Zora Neale incorporates jazz music and refers to the music of blues. As it has been mentioned before that jazz and blues were discovered out of the racial discrimination and Zora Neale’s work also refers to the repeated themes of love, slavery and appearance of ghosts which clearly depicts the themes of jazz and blues. The writing of Zora Neale was too black and this was the reason that it did not appeal to white readers but it did render the jazz and blues owing to its black dialect. Major themes in her writing delineated are the black autonomy, the misery of black people and racial discrimination. Every theme of Zora Neale’s writing is exactly in accordance with jazz and blues themes or precisely Zora Neale’s writing was complemented by jazz and the blues. The literature of Zora Neale was influenced by the Jazz and blues concerning the theme and subject matter. Variety of approaches are depicted in Zora Neale’s literature. She articulated the agony of Afro-American, challenged racial discrimination and white’s supremacy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jCMIlwFw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Simawe, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Simawe, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":434,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/FRJLIEYL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/FRJLIEYL"],"itemData":{"id":434,"type":"book","title":"Black Orpheus: Music in African American Fiction from the Harlem Renaissance to Toni Morrison","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Black Orpheus","author":[{"family":"Simawe","given":"Saadi A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Simawe, 2002). Zora Neale conveyed her intentions concerning the complaints of inequalities and among whites and blacks.

Zora Neale was one of the many black artists who catered jazz and blues in her work and rendered Harlem Renaissance which laid the basis for civil rights movements following the WW-II. Jazz and blues were more than just music and literary themes respectively. Sociological development was possessed by jazz and blues. Zora Neale appealed to jazz and blues in such a way that her writing also rendered Harlem Renaissance along with the sociological development at large. Sociological development was carried out by jazz and blues and artists like Zora Neale by introducing the subjugated class of Afro-American to a new dimension termed as racial awareness.

William H Johnson, another artist who contributed to jazz and blues through the visual arts and the art of William H. Johnson can broadly be termed as Afro-American visual art. Different societal valued including African, European and American impacted the jazz and the blues and which in turn influenced Afro-American visual arts. William H. Johnson appealed to jazz and blues by incorporating themes of the Blues, Rhythm and Blues, Jazz, Gospel. Moreover, he expressed the themes of civil rights movement, racial integration and family. The work of William H. Johnson also concerned Harlem Renaissance, which alludes to a creative, social, and initiation of expounding on race and African American's place in America. This development was of such extraordinary extent that it renamed this period as the New "Negro Movement" in Harlem ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"9PQggTCB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lewis, 1978)","plainCitation":"(Lewis, 1978)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":438,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/UDN5BNL9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/UDN5BNL9"],"itemData":{"id":438,"type":"book","title":"Art: African American","publisher":"Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York, NY","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Art","author":[{"family":"Lewis","given":"Samella S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1978"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lewis, 1978). On the off chance that you needed your composition to be known, or you needed to impact the social change operating, or you needed to make music in jazz or blues, Harlem would be the place where you can accomplish all the above-mentioned goals. It was viewed as the core of Afro-American life. The Harlem Renaissance denoted the first run through standard dark essayists and artists were paid attention to and pulled in critical consideration from the world. The risk of World War II incited Johnson to come back to the US. In an articulated and unforeseen progress in his style, Johnson wound up keen on religious canvases and his subjects were solely Afro-American. Utilizing a palette of just four or five hues and painting as often as possible on burlap or pressed wood, Johnson built up a level, deliberately innocent style ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"7hjQACTh","properties":{"unsorted":true,"formattedCitation":"(Lewis, 1978)","plainCitation":"(Lewis, 1978)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":438,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/UDN5BNL9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/UDN5BNL9"],"itemData":{"id":438,"type":"book","title":"Art: African American","publisher":"Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York, NY","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Art","author":[{"family":"Lewis","given":"Samella S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1978"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lewis, 1978). Amid the mid-1940s, war exercises, the Red Cross, and other related occasions intrigued Johnson and gave grist to his generally shown story artworks.

There was no scholarly style that was noticeable amid the Renaissance. What integrated the artists of that epoch, was their responsibility to concentrating on the aesthetic articulation of the African American experience. Here were numerous basic subjects that were a reoccurrence in the majority of the composition amid the Renaissance ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dOQYDzs0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Simawe, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Simawe, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":434,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/FRJLIEYL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/FRJLIEYL"],"itemData":{"id":434,"type":"book","title":"Black Orpheus: Music in African American Fiction from the Harlem Renaissance to Toni Morrison","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Black Orpheus","author":[{"family":"Simawe","given":"Saadi A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Simawe, 2002). The experiences of Afro-Americans in Africa and the rural south were incorporated in these topics. Additionally, there were also the subjects of racial egotism and the longing for social and political uniformity.

The stories of Jacob Riis cannot be downplayed with respect to human rights. His contribution for human rights through his short stories is overlooked today. Riis clearly bolstered the importance of monetary resources to bring down classes through improved social projects and charity, however, his closely-held conviction of the characteristic reasons for poor settlers' circumstances would in general present the trappings of a racial beliefs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HumEJFh9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Neal, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Neal, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":439,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/XND237KN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jsvqEXt1/items/XND237KN"],"itemData":{"id":439,"type":"book","title":"Songs in the key of black life: a rhythm and blues nation","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Songs in the key of black life","author":[{"family":"Neal","given":"Mark Anthony"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Neal, 2014). A few sections of “How the Other Half Lives”, for instance, starts with Riis' perceptions of the financial and social circumstances of various ethnic and racial gatherings through arraignments of their apparent normal defects; frequently partialities that may well have been educated by rationality and science.

A ton of the music Americans tune in to today has started from the agony bore by blacks amid the social liberties time. The vast majority will rapidly consider a positive, inspiring tune like "We Shall Overcome," in light of the fact that it was that tune dissenters recited as they walked and upheld Martin Luther King Jr. Be that as it may, while a few tunes motivate and outrage spectators into battling for a reason, Billie Holiday's 1939 interpretation of "Strange Fruit," ingrains a similar appall towards prejudice, yet through dismal feeling blended with exasperating symbolism. This specific song was vital in electrifying help for the Civil Rights Movement. The song is modern jazz and that’s what isolate this song from other songs. The song demonstrates you how racial discrimination in America is amply strong long after the end of slavery.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Lewis, S. S. (1978). Art: African American. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York, NY.

Miller, R. B. (2015). The Art and Imagination of Langston Hughes. University Press of Kentucky.

Neal, M. A. (2014). Songs in the key of black life: a rhythm and blues nation. Routledge.

Simawe, S. A. (2002). Black Orpheus: Music in African American Fiction from the Harlem Renaissance to Toni Morrison. Routledge.

Jonah

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Jonah

The book of Jonah is named after the main character who was recognized as one of the twelve prophets of God. The book seems to be anonymous as there is no identifiable author of it. However, it is narrated by the Jonah himself in which he tells the story of his return from Nineveh. Due to the unpleasant acts of people of Nineveh, God orders Jonah to go to the city and give people the message of repentance (1:2). Being tired of intolerable behavior of Nineveh, Jonah instead runs away (1:3). The book mainly contains four chapters which are based on four events. Although these four chapters provide various themes but the primary message of the Book of Jonah is Compassion of God. From the text it is evident that the God treats all his creation regardless of their identity. His compassion is for every living creature on this planet who choose to repent the sins. This paper will include evidences from the book chapters that will support my claim.

From the first chapter, I will give evidence of how God took pity on the pagan sailors by calming the storms that were generated initially. Second chapter will give the evidence of how Jonah was spared by God’s wrath upon repentance. Evidences from the third chapter will be based in the Nineveh city after Jonah delivered the message of God. The final chapter will conclude the essay with the primary theme of the book.

Discussion

The evidence from the first chapter which supports my claim is given in the form of God’s pity on the pagan sailors. Refusing to preach repentance to the people of Nineveh, Jonah boards on a ship to Tarshish. The ship gets hit by a storm which symbolizes the wrath of God. After learning that Jonah is behind the reason they got hit by a storm, they throw Jonah in the river. They pray to God for sparing their lives and not harming innocent sailors on an account of Jonah (1:14). “Please, Lord, don’t let us perish” is a cry of help from the sailors that were at the collateral damage of Jonah punishment (1:14). It indicates that God will have mercy on its creature if they decide to ask for forgiveness by repenting their sins.

In the second Chapter, the incidence of fish swallowing Jonah leads to his repentance. After the pagan sailors throw Jonah in the water, the sea calms down which proves the compassionate nature of God regardless of religion and identity. On another occasion where the God sends a fish to swallow Jonah shows that God was waiting for Jonah to repent for his sin of disobedience. Jonah says “I called out to the Lord in my distress, and he answered me” which shows that upon his repentance he was forgiven by the almighty God (2:2). Although Jonah was not sure if God will ever forgive him saying “Will I ever again look on your holy temple?” (2:4) but after he prayed in distress, he was thrown out by the fish onto the shore which indicates that Lord delivered redemption while salvation appeared inevitable (2:10). Through giving Jonah a second opportunity following his blatant revolt in section 1, God's mercy was shown upon him. Jonah indeed made a grave error and had severe consequences. Yet God was benevolent, & gave him another opportunity.

The similar scenario was observed for the inhabitants of Nineveh. The people of Nineveh also revolted against God as a whole. But when Jonah gives them a message of God's coming wrath, they answer the message and surrender to Him which indicates that God moved past His anger and decided to pardon. “that they had ceased their evil behavior. So God stopped planning to destroy them” clearly depicts that God turned down his punishment upon the people of Nineveh (3:10). Nineveh’s people have gone out to confess for the guilt and pray for the mercy of God. People realized that through their behavior they were rebellious to God which evoked change in them. Furthermore, in order to prove their desire for repentance and change, they seemed to take active measures (3:5).

In the final chapter the message of God’s Compassionate nature is most evident. In this chapter, we learn through Jonah personally that God is "merciful and compassionate," "slow to become angry," and rich in faithful love" (4:2). Sadly, the compassion and love of God are held against Jonah himself, who has been a living example of condemnation and self-hatred. He refuses to acknowledge the fact that people of Nineveh are worthy of God’s Grace. When he complains about the mercy that God showed upon the people of Nineveh, God tells him he took pity on the mere piece of shrub then how can I not show mercy to the nation which comprises of almost 120,000 humans with animals (4:10) (4:11).

Conclusion

From the Evidences given above, it is quite clear that the primary message of Book of Jonah symbolizes the boundless Compassion of God. This love of the Almighty is not only for insiders such as Jonah and Israel, but for strangers as well such as Ninevites and pagan sailors.

In the book Jonah himself reveals about the mercy God shows to every group of people in the world, even those who refuse to acknowledge him. Only if they decide to confess, the grace of God is open to anyone from every community.

Works Cited

Journal Article

Gabriel Liuzzi

Instructor Name

Art 101

19 November 2018

Journal Article

War is a period of fighting between two or more than two countries, and sometimes it occurs within the country. Such conflicts cannot be resolved successfully without having big number of soldiers and weapons. During the civil war in America, an unexpected thing happened when free black men were asked to take part in war as a soldier, and most of them were former slaves. The peer review article "What it was like to be an African-American soldier during the civil war" is an allusion, which only highlights the dark aspects of the war. The article does not depict the aspects or purpose of the war, but actually, it talks about injustice and racism that was going on during the war. The irony behind this war was that the war was in favor of all men having equal rights to liberty. In reality, white soldiers put their guns on black men’s shoulders and fired. White soldiers were paid more than black soldiers, and even the number of deaths of black soldiers was higher than the whites. There was a lot of racism, even during the war period among soldiers. Black soldiers were referred to as ‘Colored Troops.' Besides the problems of war faced by all soldiers, African-American soldiers faced additional difficulties created by racial prejudice. Black men were assigned only to perform non-combat duties as laborers, cooks, etc. The writer chooses simple diction to convey complex meaning of the war. He chooses to talk about social injustice that happened during the war. He puts his idea about diversity in the war, which is parallel to the idea written in the article, which he peers reviewed. He quoted that, “Diversity wasn’t necessarily good from a military standpoint, but that the “postwar benefits of company diversity may have been extremely high ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"1M5qRLzP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wills)","plainCitation":"(Wills)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":41,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/EWRMUP2I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/EWRMUP2I"],"itemData":{"id":41,"type":"webpage","title":"What It Was Like To Be an African-American Soldier During the Civil War","container-title":"JSTOR Daily","abstract":"What was it like to be one of the 186,017 African Americans who served in the Union Army during the Civil War?","URL":"https://daily.jstor.org/what-it-was-like-to-be-african-american-soldier-civil-war/","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Wills","given":"Matthew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",2,3]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wills).”

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Wills, Matthew. “What It Was Like To Be an African-American Soldier During the Civil War.” JSTOR Daily, 3 Feb. 2016, https://daily.jstor.org/what-it-was-like-to-be-african-american-soldier-civil-war/.

LGBTQ Struggles With The American Dream

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Day Month Year

LGBT Theory and American Dream

Discussion Questions

1. The film worked towards exposing how society has constructed genders and how people feel obliged to affirm those standards created by society so that in return they are accepted by the people around them. Furthermore, it highlights how important is biological sex in societies that are enshrined in their rigid cultures. These societies where the existence of anyone other than the two genders (male and female) that are more commonly thought of, is a crime. Societies where people take such issues into their hands and cause suffering for those either whom they do not wish to understand or for whom they do not have the mental capacity to understand.

It is hard to admit but these types of societies are very much prevalent in this day and age. Their thoughts and actions make people believe that the only way to achieve the American dream is to hide what you truly are. This was very much prevalent in the main character in this movie (Brandon Teena) who has to do every bit of effort to prove his masculinity all because he was a transgender. He went to great lengths to accomplish this e.g. he hides his breasts, changes his name and so on. All this so he can be accepted by his society but at the end all this effort did not amount to anything.

2. Brokeback Mountain was truly an eye opening experience, with its layered characters and how subtly it touched the struggles of the LGBT community. Furthermore, it highlighted how dangerous it could be for LGBT members to even think or try to have a piece of the American Dream in those times. This was illustrated when Jack Twist proposed to Ennis del Mar that they both should fix up a ranch and live on it together. He planned it all out including what they will have at the ranch and why he wanted to move in with Ennis. He even detailed how easy it will be to get the money from his wife's father as he was very keen on getting him out of their lives.

Ennis was completely against this idea and rejected it immediately. His rejection had rooted from different reasons; some of those were his own problems and some he had seen in the society. In a way i feel that Ennis reaction to Jack’s proposal was justified (Goody,et,al,2017). This is because it is hard to come out to your loved ones as an LGBT in this day and age let alone the 1960’s. The time that Jack and Ennis were living in was full of animosity and had very less acceptance of anyone or anything that went against the social norm. This was prevalent from the stories that Ennis told of his father and his reaction to the death of two supposed LGBT people living together.

3. Over the years I have had the experience to listen to the experiences of different people who had been discriminated against for a myriad of reasons. But the one I can remember more vividly mostly because this happened recently to two of my friends, Sara and Kentina. They both recently got married to each other and had a wedding ceremony which was held in New Jersey (Keller,et,al,2008). They are one of the best people I have had the chance to meet and be a part of their beautiful journey. While looking for a wedding planner for their ceremony they came across a prospective candidate. They both liked her ideas and wanted to hire her but she declined on the basis that the meaning of marriage for her was of the biblical nature and what they are proposing is illegitimate.

This discrimination was definitely not justified as i know that both my friends are Christian ministers and it is their faith that animates their love for each other even more. This sort of ideological discrimination is on par with discrimination based on race, class, religion and gender. Furthermore, this sexual discrimination is not a hindrance to attaining the American dream but the collective thinking of the society is which will not let anyone have peace and happiness that is against their normative values.

Work Cited

Keller, James R., and Anne Goodwyn Jones. "Brokeback mountain: masculinity and manhood." Studies in Popular Culture 30.2 (2008): 21-36.

Goody, Jo. "Boys don’t cry: Masculinities, fear of crime and fearlessness." The Fear of Crime. Routledge, 2017. 59-76.

Ligeia Use Of Gothic

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Name of Professor

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Day Month Year

Use of Gothic Elements in Ligeia

Gothic literature is a pleasant yet horrifying blend of horror and fiction with a little bit of romance. Ligeia by Edger Ellen Poe is written in the gothic horror, genre. The story has all the elements of a classic gothic novel. Many researchers consider Ligeia as a work of fiction which is written in the gothic genre. Gothic literature has many conventions such as horror, exotic locations, dark theme, the presence of supernatural beings, hallucinations, mystery, etc. In Gothic conceptions, imagination and emotive effects surpass reason (Fred, p.2). Death and romance are the foundation of this genre and they are beautifully used by Poe in this novel. Poe covered almost all the conventional elements of classic gothic horror in his novel Ligeia.

As it is described at the introduction of the novel, the story is set in some remote area in an abandoned castle that is really gloomy and scary. The interior of the castle is really dark and big ottomans and the tapestries are to be found there. The wind is blowing outside and the curtains, creating the eerie sounds. The castle is located on the top of the river Rhine. After some time the setting is shifted to another place, and that also fits well to a gothic novel. This time it is the abandoned abbey. It seems to embody the qualities of the narrator’s late wife, who had raven hair, black eyes, and a mysterious character. Characters Poe gave the minute details about the location and the interior of the abandoned Abbey, and the bridal chamber. The bridal chamber is of pentagonal shape. A Pentagon has five corners, and such figures are related to the world of the occult. The room gives an atmosphere of mystery and horror. The golden curtains in the room create an optical illusion. Towards the southern side of the Pentagon is the window which has covered the whole wall. It is a huge sheet of unbroken glass from Venice. It is of a single pane and is tinted of a leaden hue. Whenever the sun rays or the moon rays passed through it and fell on the objects inside, it created a frightful glow (Poe).

Not only the objects and the setting but the characters also create an atmosphere of mystery in the novel. The lady Ligeia is capturing the attention of the readers because of the description Poe gave of her. There is a common concept of the feminine demon haunting the male protagonist in the gothic novels.in this novel however, the author Poe gave an illustration of a spirit of a dead wife who was in love with the narrator and the narrator is still obsessing over her ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jcdWRnCW","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Andriano)","plainCitation":"(Andriano)"},"citationItems":[{"id":5,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YhysFANK/items/QGCZJG6Y"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YhysFANK/items/QGCZJG6Y"],"itemData":{"id":5,"type":"book","title":"Our Ladies of Darkness: Feminine Daemonology in Male Gothic Fiction","publisher":"Penn State Press","ISBN":"0-271-00870-9","author":[{"family":"Andriano","given":"Joseph"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1993"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Andriano). She is an extremely beautiful and mysterious woman with whom the protagonist is in love with. In gothic Literature, women are often presented as beautiful and ethereal beings. Poe kept the tradition alive by giving us the details of the beauty and the glory of Ligeia. The narrator describes her beauty as strange and she looks to be divine. Ligeia has many other mysterious features attached to it. For example, the narrator could never hear her come into the room. The narrator says that "she came and departed as a shadow” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"AxXrZlHY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Poe)","plainCitation":"(Poe)"},"citationItems":[{"id":2,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YhysFANK/items/B5LZFBPC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YhysFANK/items/B5LZFBPC"],"itemData":{"id":2,"type":"book","title":"Ligeia","publisher":"Self-Publish","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Poe","given":"Edgar Allan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Poe).

There are a lot of supernatural elements in the novel added by Poe. The element of reincarnation is one of them. The horrific scene of reincarnation occurs by the end of the story when the narrator realizes that his first love Ligeia has come back to life in the body of his second wife Rowena. The appearance of the body of Rowena is also changed to resemble Ligeia. It is obvious through the story that the narrator is obsessed with the late lady Ligeia and is constantly thinking about her even after marrying to Rowena. Rowena’s death is also an unsolved mystery for the readers. Before she died she had hallucinations. The death scene is not clear and the reader cannot say whether the scene was real or inside the mind of the narrator, because he was high on opium at the time of the death of Rowena. Another strange thing that the narrator experiences are that the body of Rowena showed some signs of life and then appeared dead again this happened throughout the night, finally the body stood up and took the shape of Lideia. Poe brought another very common supernatural element in use and that is the experience of the narrator watching the shadow walking, and the presence of some supernatural being. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"WptchY3q","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Elements of the Gothic Novel})}","plainCitation":"(Elements of the Gothic Novel)"},"citationItems":[{"id":7,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YhysFANK/items/5PWF6TM6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YhysFANK/items/5PWF6TM6"],"itemData":{"id":7,"type":"webpage","title":"Elements of the Gothic Novel","URL":"https://www.virtualsalt.com/gothic.htm","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Elements of the Gothic Novel).

Gothic genre along with the element of horror brings into use the feature of romance and extreme emotions. Poe manifested the love of the narrator for his late wife in the novel through the thoughts and experiences he interpreted. The intense love of the narrator for his dead wife took the form of obsession later, and this obsession of his love made him hate his second wife.

Darkness is another theme which is frequently used in the gothic genre by the writers. Poe created an environment that was gloomy and dark in the external and the internal world of the characters. The gloominess is felt by the readers as they read the novel.

Poe is known for taking Gothic writings into the Victorian age and combining psychology into their subjects, making the mystic more realistic and close to home. The novel under discussion, Ligeia, is one of this kind of novels. It has manifested all the typical features of gothic writing style, and it grabs the attention of the audience completely.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Andriano, Joseph. Our Ladies of Darkness: Feminine Daemonology in Male Gothic Fiction. Penn State Press, 1993.

Elements of the Gothic Novel. https://www.virtualsalt.com/gothic.htm. Accessed 11 Apr. 2019.

Poe, Edgar Allan. Ligeia. Self-Publish, 2017.

Botting, Fred. Gothic. Routledge, 2005.

Lit Analysis Essay

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[Name of Instructor]

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[Date]

Lit Analysis Essay

This story is written in the past tense which played a significant role in the overall expression of the essay. The past narration of the essay helped the author to express himself better, and the organization of the overall essay is also better in the past narration. There are no specific details about the geography, weather and also time because they are not quite important in the overall plot of this short story ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ESftoxdX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}In \\uc0\\u8216{}Bullet In the Brain\\uc0\\u8217{} by Tobias Wolff, in the First Part of the Story, How Is the Third-Person Point of View Utilized to Depict The...\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“In ‘Bullet In the Brain’ by Tobias Wolff, in the First Part of the Story, How Is the Third-Person Point of View Utilized to Depict The...”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1000,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/SG5E5NWP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/SG5E5NWP"],"itemData":{"id":1000,"type":"webpage","title":"In \"Bullet In the Brain\" by Tobias Wolff, in the first part of the story, how is the third-person point of view utilized to depict the...","container-title":"eNotes","abstract":"Get an answer for 'In \"Bullêt In thê Braîn\" by Tobïas Wolff in the first part of the story before he gets shot in only lines 1-58 : To make it easier --> the last line, line 58 would be : \"he was beginning to develop a sense of unease when the man prodded him again with the pistol.\" How is 3rd person point of view utilized to depict the characters? explain how the 3rd person omniscient POV shapes the reader's understanding of the events and characters in the passage. How is speech and thought presentati","URL":"http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/bullet-brain-by-tobias-wolff-first-part-story-how-934247","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“In ‘Bullet In the Brain’ by Tobias Wolff, in the First Part of the Story, How Is the Third-Person Point of View Utilized to Depict The...”).

The main character in this short story is a critical man who is basically a writer; his name is Anders. Apart from him, there are few other characters including the woman who was also standing in the line and also the gunman. The author of this story described them by their behavior not be physical appearance apart from the gunman. The author described him as a blue-eyed man wearing a mask. The author mentioned the main character with some main features in his personality. The way he was noticing every detail of the painting, the way he was not following the instructions of the gunman even after knowing that he might get killed, all these show that how critical type of a person he was. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DrqRygmn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Peterson)","plainCitation":"(Peterson)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1002,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/BKXDQEPY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/BKXDQEPY"],"itemData":{"id":1002,"type":"post-weblog","title":"“Bullet in the Brain” Analysis","container-title":"Joshua Peterson: Narrative","abstract":"“Bullet in the Brain” by Tobias Wolff is the story of a man named Anders, a book critic, who experiences one final memory after being shot in the head during a bank robbery. Anders, the…","URL":"https://joshuapetersonblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/29/bullet-in-the-brain-analysis/","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Peterson","given":"Joshua"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",8,29]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Peterson)

The most important event in the entire story was when even after warning him about the dire consequences of his behavior, Anders again laughed, this made the gunman furious, and ultimately he killed the main character. This turned out to be the end of his life and also it is the most important event in the entire short story. The plot in this short story is structured quite linearly. Every incidence in the story is aligned with the next one. Whatever happening next in the story is a continuation of the previous one, and they are associated with each other so deeply that the entire story gets imprinted in the reader’s mind and it almost sounds like a real accident where a bank is robbed, and a guy is killed. The author linked every aspect of the story wisely, so the plot of the story is not hard to believe.

The conflict in this story is both external and internal. There are some incidents that happened in the life of the main character that made him a complex person, while he was in that situation he got a chance to think about his life, and the laugh was basically at himself rather than on anyone else, but the external condition did play a role in that. By putting him in that situation where he could do nothing but laugh at himself, he was then killed, so the main conflict is a combination of both.

The theme is hidden inside the story; it is not fully expressed. A story like this can bring a variety of things to mind. The author in this story gives out the message to be daring at the right time. It tells us to be sensible and to distinguish the right way to do things. Another message that is quite apparent from this story is of respect. Respect is the main axis in this story where all the other themes can be derived. He is so lost in himself that he no longer knows how to give respect to the people around him; therefore; as a result, he lost his life.

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY “In ‘Bullet In the Brain’ by Tobias Wolff, in the First Part of the Story, How Is the Third-Person Point of View Utilized to Depict The...” ENotes, http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/bullet-brain-by-tobias-wolff-first-part-story-how-934247. Accessed 19 Mar. 2019.

Peterson, Joshua. “‘Bullet in the Brain’ Analysis.” Joshua Peterson: Narrative, 29 Aug. 2012, https://joshuapetersonblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/29/bullet-in-the-brain-analysis/.

Bullet In The Brain By Tobias Wolff

Literary Analysis

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[Date]

Literature Analysis

Sweat is one of the most iconic short stories of the early 20th century. The story was an important one in that time period due to the fact that how it embodied some of the issues that were faced by women at that point of time and what was the coping mechanism that was adopted by these women. The story was written by Zora Neale Hurston and it revolves around a washerwoman and her unemployed husband. The story has been praised at more or less universal level and there are people who have went on to say that it is a remarkable piece of work. During the course of the story, there are many themes and undertones. One of the core themes of the story which is still relevant today is the story of feminism and women empowerment. It was an interesting time period for Black women especially due to the fact that the economic opportunities for them on a much higher side as compared to black men as they could serve as domestic helps in white households. The feminist art movement was also taking place in that time period and how the awakening of the black culture was also taking place. The story developed a story of sense of reckoning among black women that how with means of economic freedom, they can vouch for social freedom as well. The other reason that it is an important work of art is due to the fact that how it goes to show the prevailing culture of diversity at that point of time. The key aspect of the whole thing is that how the story goes to show that how at times, women do not take necessary steps for their wellbeing. At times, the status you and the perception of the people with regards to the women who were divorced stopped women from coming out of the abusive marriage. Despite the fact that her husband was not treating well, was cheating on her and as a matter of fact, trying to harm her, she does not consider even one moment to come out of the marriage and instead kept on suffering abuse at that point of time. The story provides an important perspective in the sense regarding what were the broader struggles of the working women at that point of time and what were some of the things that they need to take care off.

The other thing that the story tends to show well is that how women must make sure that they are going to improve their state. The idea is to make sure that the broader perspective is kept in mind in terms of the way people are going to be moving forward in their rights. Effort must be made on her part to make sure that she gains economic freedom. Once she is not dependent on her husband or any other person for their economic wellbeing, only then they are going to be able to develop the necessary heart to carry out and execute such a plan. At the same time, the other thing that goes to show that with her new-found economic independence, black women were able to make sure that they are able to get back to their husband or abusive partners. This is signified very well during the closing stages of the story where her husband is dying but she is standing calmly over there to make sure that she witnesses the demise of her husband. That lack of attachment stemmed from the fact that how she was not able to relate with her husband at emotional level and did not needed him to take care of her. So, there was no underlying motivation for her to stop her husband from doing something of sorts.

The key thing that has been discussed during the premises of the story is that how for a very long time, there was a deliberate attempt by men to make sure that they deny equal opportunities to women and then make them subject to abuse. The story also goes a long way towards showing that how the strong and independent women must be reacting despite the fact how her circumstances shape out to be. The important thing that has been showed here is that how much a person must be willing to work hard and how each day effort has to be carried out by them. Even when one talks about the eventual sexuality of Delia, the emotions in this instance are manifested that just because he is a man, he is not supposed to show his powers to her. The story also depicted the eventual struggle and coming of age for Delia in a sense that how as the abuse was increasing, she was losing the chunks of her personality and was losing control of her own self.

Works Cited

Hurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. Rutgers University Press, 1997.

Literary Analysis (Project 1)

The Open Boat

[Name of Writer]

[Name of Institution]

Stephen Crane has created an immersive narrative that probes and explores four men’s quest for survival after a ship wreckage. The story begins at sea with vivid descriptions of apprehension. Four men in a small dinghy fight the enormous sea and its waves in their attempt to get to land alive. There are varying degrees of dejection and hope continuously juxtaposed against each other as the dangerous journey at sea unfolds. The passage is an intense plot that signifies the extent to which man would go in order to survive. It also portrays resolve and conviction in the face of relentless nature. The perpetual insignificance of man as opposed to the cruelty of nature has also been highlighted. Various themes all come together to become this story that Stephen Crane penned after his own struggle for survival at sea before washing up at the Daytona Beach.

This story is significant because it incorporates impressionism with naturalism in a way not previously done by the author. Stephen Crane was a journalist and his works had a specific tinge of realism to them. The narrative presented in ‘the open boat’ goes against this pattern to present the story and its various scenes from the unreliable and shifting perspectives of its characters. Yet the clarity of the unfolding events and the detail about the environment also invokes naturalism.

It begins with the declaration that the four men in the dinghy did not “know the color of the sky”.CITATION Cra98 \l 1033 (Crane) The text continues to imply that the men were so focused on the grey waves that continued to crash with their boat that the only way for them to know the color of the sky was through the way the waves shone. A juxtaposition is made with “all the men knew the colors of the sea”. CITATION Cra98 \l 1033 (Crane) Impressionism is therefore clearly introduced and established right in the first paragraph of the story. Readers can expect to read a text that narrows the view of the world down to that of the perspective of the characters and nothing else. Moving forward, as the men make out a “pin-like figure” and later a “grey shadow” of the lighthouse, their hope ignites towards it. Disappointment follows when the lighthouse fails to serve its expected purpose. There is a sequence in the story as the characters all take turns identifying objects and people on the faraway beach. This part of the story solidifies the acute lack of objectivity in the passage. Everything conveyed to the reader has already passed through the subjective lens of one of the four men on the boat before it becomes a part of the narrative. The reader has to feel angry as the rage of the characters is relayed to them.

“If I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees?” CITATION Cra98 \l 1033 (Crane)

Therefore, when the opinions of the characters about what they see on the beach change, the reader has to depend on their perspectives and change opinions as well. The boat becomes an omnibus, the refuge house becomes a winter resort and the man waving a flag at them eventually becomes just an idiot waving his coat. The despair after failing to attract help and the hopelessness of turning to sea is later juxtaposed with a reignition of hope at the two lights in the horizon which guides the men. Their final fight for survival culminates in people coming to their rescue and the crew makes it to land; missing one member.

As the primary argument here is that the story is a piece of impressionist fiction, its characters play a crucial role as they are, in fact, the storytellers. There is a cook who bails the small boat while the oiler and the correspondent row the boat taking turns at it. The injured captain lies down in a corner. Each character has a specific voice which echoes throughout the story and gives its own standpoint for the events that are to happen. The cook has a questionable memory regarding the presence of a house of refuge on the beach that they are hoping to wash up on. Although the man himself is confused, his companions latch on to his claims and hope for those claims to be true. When the men continue to comment “funny they haven’t see us,” CITATION Cra98 \l 1033 (Crane) they are referring to the same crew of the house of refuge they were not sure even existed. This is also the character with the job of bailing the boat. Therefore, it depicts the desperate hope men will cling to when they are up against a universe trying its best to kill them. The injured captain is a personification of conviction. Although unable to move or do much to help his companions, the Captain is perfectly steadfast in giving orders to the men on how to prevent the boat from capsizing. He is awake even during the deadly night and a source of courage for the other men. The captain holds onto the overturned boat with one arm to make it to the shore. The only person who cannot make it to the shore alive is oiler or Billie. This man is primarily carrying out the duty to oar the dinghy. His labor is extensive and mostly without rest. His character is only described by virtue of his hard work. Nature is shown as merciless when his experience cannot save him from his fate.

The character most profoundly explained is the correspondent. He is also the point of view most frequently used to give the impressionist theme of the story its color. His aura is despondent from the beginning. The first sentence that summarizes the essence of this character is that he “wondered why he was there”. CITATION Cra98 \l 1033 (Crane) The most important quality of the correspondent throughout the story is the fact that he was frustrated with and loathing every second of their journey for survival. He assists the oiler in oaring the dinghy and is not himself as much of a natural at it. That amplifies the gloom in his personality. When he cannot make out the lighthouse, it describes the pessimism and the urgency to get out of the terrible situation he is stuck in. As night rolls in and the correspondent has to take turns between sleeping and oaring, he is described to have slept for only “a moment before a heard a voice, calling his name”. His masked fear of being alone in facing a shark is followed by oaring mistakes that bring cold showers on the men in the boat for which he apologizes. This character climaxes during the swim towards the beach when he is stuck in a current and for a few moments, contemplates whether it would be better to let go. “Drowning must really be a comfortable arrangement – a cessation of hostilities”. CITATION Cra98 \l 1033 (Crane)

Therefore, the whole story and various themes in it all serve to prove that it is a indeed a story told from the perspectives of its characters and hence principally goes against other works that Stephen Crane has created.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Crane, Stephen. The Open Boat: And Other Tales of Adventure. Doubleday & McClure Company, 1898. Print.

Literary Analysis Essay

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Literary Analysis Essay

Between the World and Me is a book authored by Ta- Nehisi Coates. This book was published in 2015 and reflects the personal, the intellectual and the historical development of the blacks in America, the author has focused on basically that how to live if one belongs to the dark races in America. Coates has remained too critical of the white Americans and their contributions in the development of America. He mentions that “the progress of White American was based on looting and violence” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iZoJlkB0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Coates 6)","plainCitation":"(Coates 6)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":541,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/9G4RFBB5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/9G4RFBB5"],"itemData":{"id":541,"type":"book","title":"Between the world and me","publisher":"Text publishing","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Coates","given":"Ta-Nehisi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}},"locator":"6","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Coates 6).

In his book, Coates has argued that the upbringing of the Black children in the U.S remains a hard job. He has analyzed in a more general way as to what are the causes of the backwardness of the public schools. But, there has been no specific reason illustrated by the author as to why the public schools had a different kind of attitude towards the specific races. As Haile mentions that Coates has remained first too critical about the American system for blacks, and with time he started exploring the reason as to why the Blacks are facing the discriminatory attitude ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qP9oqoAh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Haile III)","plainCitation":"(Haile III)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":543,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/2MT6B5YA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/2MT6B5YA"],"itemData":{"id":543,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ta-Nehisi Coates's Phenomenology of the Body","container-title":"The Journal of Speculative Philosophy","page":"493–503","volume":"31","issue":"3","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Haile III","given":"James B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Haile III). Coates argues that public schools were considered as the school of the discriminatory classes in America. According to him, the reasons for their marginalization in the society started from the day, the blacks stepped in the public schools.

Grizzle argues that Coates had remain associated with the system that was for Black Americans. Since Coates was a self-made and a hardworking man, therefore he had to face some kind of more hardships, compared to the rest Black Americans ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dt9qXAFf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Grizzle)","plainCitation":"(Grizzle)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":545,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/U4LXBQ74"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/U4LXBQ74"],"itemData":{"id":545,"type":"article-journal","title":"Between the World and Me","container-title":"Theory in Action","page":"109","volume":"9","issue":"2","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Grizzle","given":"Gary L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Grizzle). At every stage of his life, Coates had witnessed a discriminatory attitude. According to him the public school remains completely failed in developing students. He argues that the sense they were supposed to develop in the students, they failed in doing so. The students were marginalized at the first instance, they find refuge in the school from the hardships of their personal and working life, and consequently, they were like easy prey for the instructors who use to treat hem harshly. This all, Coates consider were the way in which the schools remain fail in serving the communities.

As the complete book is based on the efforts of Coates in bringing himself up while being a part of the community which has been subjected to the ill attitude of the White Americans. It becomes self-observatory that Coates had nothing in his possession to use against the oppression of Whites other than to make him educated. For this reason, Coates struggled and was able to make his place in Howard. Williams had also shared the same view of Coates, that the oppression of Whites could just be challenged by getting ourselves educated ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"09AEhGJF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Williams)","plainCitation":"(Williams)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":547,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZH2ZN558"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZH2ZN558"],"itemData":{"id":547,"type":"thesis","title":"Don't Show A Hyena How Well You Can Bite: Performance, Race and the Animal Subaltern in Eastern Africa","publisher":"University of California, Berkeley","genre":"PhD Thesis","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Don't Show A Hyena How Well You Can Bite","author":[{"family":"Williams","given":"Joshua"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Williams).

The facts brought forward by Coates in his book are important to grab the understanding of why for decades the Blacks have remained failed to come as the constructive working class in America. Many of the authors have shared the same view, but they have presented in a different manner. Some has worked on the educational challenges the Blacks faced, some has worked to explore the economic challenges, and some has worked to look for the social challenges the Blacks faced in the U.S. Coates had remained the most general among all. As Kirkland mentions that the Blacks are not the subjects of the jail ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"IARobS5Q","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kirkland)","plainCitation":"(Kirkland)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":549,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/VSBN9Y6S"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/VSBN9Y6S"],"itemData":{"id":549,"type":"article-journal","title":"\" Beyond the Dream\": Critical Perspectives on Black Textual Expressivities... Between the World and Me","container-title":"English Journal","page":"14","volume":"106","issue":"4","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":" Beyond the Dream","author":[{"family":"Kirkland","given":"David E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kirkland). This is what Coates has already highlighted. The social statistics of today are just a little changed, to as what in the times of Coates was. There are many reasons for this consistency in the stats about Blacks. For example, the Black population of America is still focused on getting some mechanical or such other related training and a very few of them are able to make their places in the high ranks of the country. In order to make these stats better, the Blacks will have to eventually transform their lives, as to how Coates did.

Works Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Coates, Ta-Nehisi. Between the World and Me. Text publishing, 2015.

Grizzle, Gary L. “Between the World and Me.” Theory in Action, vol. 9, no. 2, 2016, p. 109.

Hale III, James B. "Ta-Nehisi Coates's Phenomenology of the Body." The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, vol. 31, no. 3, 2017, pp. 493–503.

Kirkland, David E. “‘ Beyond the Dream’: Critical Perspectives on Black Textual Expressivities... Between the World and Me.” English Journal, vol. 106, no. 4, 2017, p. 14.

Williams, Joshua. Don’t Show A Hyena How Well You Can Bite: Performance, Race and the Animal Subaltern in Eastern Africa. The University of California, Berkeley, 2017.

Literary Analysis Essay: Medea

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Literary Analysis Essay on Medea

Response to Prompt# 1

The ancient drama of Medea was written in a manner that it helps readers to figure out the position of women in ancient Athens. Undoubtedly, the character of Medea helps to determine the actual situation prevailed in Athens for the women. The content of the play referred to the true picture of the isolated social perspective for the women of Athens. It is revealed that women have no power in any form as they were immensely dominated by males. It is worthy to figure out the actual social scenario for the women through the play of Medea. It also assists to assess the character of Medea and how it differed from the conventional role of women in the society of Athens. Here the particular focus is to critically analyze the character of Medea to evaluate its difference with the other women of Athens at the time of unbalanced Greek society.

The character of Medea referred to as the lead role in the ancient Greek play presented by Euripides. Medea recognized as the daughter of King and the granddaughter of the sun god. The critical assessment of the character of Medea reveals that she was one power women that used her authority contrary to the traditional perspective of Athens. When she comes to realize that her husband betrayed her than it ultimately changed her approach of living. She turned to the revengeful personality that completely differed from the society of Athens. She immensely changed her perspective about the things and the belonging associated with her. This specific approach is better illustrated as: “this disaster made her realize: a fatherland is no small thing to lose, she hates her children, feels no joy in seeing them.”(Sappho, 529) The changing perspective of life turned her to seriously consider the aspect of revenge.

The aggressive and authoritative nature of Medea are the basic elements that help the audience to determine her different from the tradition Greek women. She ultimately chooses the option of revenge and planned to kill her husband that was greatly opposite from the expectations of the Greek society set for the women. She never encouraged the idea of dominating males through her behavior and actions. The anger expressed by the Medea explicitly revealed about her views about the unequal prospect of the society of Athens. She delivered her thoughts as: “of all the living creatures with a soul and mind, we women are the most pathetic. First of all, we have to buy a husband: spend vast amounts of money, just to get a master for our body-to to add insult to injury.” (Sappho, 534) She completely refused the oppressive position of women determined by the powerful entity of men of Greek.

It is crucial to mention that the character of Medea has a clear understanding about the repressive nature of the Athens society and its cruel dealings with the women. She clearly explained her thoughts of injustice and brutality against women considered by the male dominating society of Athens. She also explained about the approach of women when she fights for her survival in the battle against injustice and discrimination. She illustrated this certain opinion as: “most of the time, I know, a woman is filled with fear. She’s worthless in a battle and flinches at the sight of steel. But when she’s faced with injustice in the bedroom, there is no other mind more murderous.” (Sappho, 535) She explained her thoughts about the disloyalty and how adversely it damage the personality of the women.

To conclude the literary analysis of the character of Medea, it is substantial that Medea can refer as the representation of the rebellious form of women during the oppressive and unjust society of Athens. Her thoughts and actions indicate about her powerful nature that differentiates her from the other women of that particular time period.

Work Cited

Sappho,, and Mary Barnard. Sappho: A New Translation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. Print.

Literature

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Literature: Influence of real life on the Author’s work

The task of writing is not so simple and it is always fascinating to get to know about the events that inspired the writers to write. The main source of inspiration for any writer is his real life. It can be said without a doubt that the real-life events of a writer have a significant impact on his views, thinking, beliefs and ultimately on his work. A good example of such a writer is Mitch Albom. He is a very good American writer as well as a sports reporter. His works like “Tuesdays with Morrie”, and “Fab Five” depict his life experiences. The literary works of Mitch Albom are not very numerous but they are still very engaging as they are linked with his real-life incidents and experiences. They make the readers feel as if the author included them in his life and shares his thoughts and feelings that alter their thought process as well. CITATION MIT \l 2057 (MITCH ALBOM: THE INFLUENCE OF HIS LIFE ON HIS WORKS)

The most famous work of Mitch Albom is a book, “Tuesdays with Morrie”. Morrie was his professor at the University of Brandeis and also the main character of his book. In this work, Mitch explained the effects of political controversies on his and Morrie’s life. Many protests and political debates took place on the campus of Brandeis University after the resignation of President Nixon in 1974. While explaining the racial issues in his book, Mitch wrote that Morrie described an occasion in which he participated as a negotiator between the President of University and some black students who were on the view that they were being persecuted by the School Administration. However, the book mainly discusses the conversation between the author and Morrie. The book is an emotional depiction of Mitch’s life and also a list of numerous bits of advice on how one should live his life. Mitch said that he was self-centered throughout his life and he searched for the true meaning of his life in the discussions with Morrie. Morrie at that time was very close to his death and hence had a lot of experience. He taught Mitch not to accept the corrupt customs, norms, and behaviors defined by the culture in order to promote the ethical system of norms. Morrie was against the old cultural values and appealed to higher and better moral norms. Mitch also mentioned his brother, Peter, in his book who was suffering from cancer and did not want to continue the normal relationship with his family members. Mitch said that he learned the principle of “love” from Morrie, and no matter how fierce and independent Peter was, he still needed the love and support from his friends and family to fight cancer. This proves the great influence of Morrie’s beliefs on Mitch’s norms, views and on his entire life. In this way, the author teaches readers about spending their lives based on his personal life experience. (Albom 192)

Another famous book written by Mitch is “Fab Five”. This book was less moralistic than the book discussed above. However, it is also influenced by the real-life experiences of the author. It is basically about a basketball team at the University of Michigan, known as fab five. The fab five team was completely dominant in the 1993 session. (Albom 360)

By analyzing the above-mentioned works of Mitch, it is quite safe to say that Mitch Albom, included his personal life experiences in his literary works. Moreover, some of his books mentioned the characters from his real life, such as Morrie in “Tuesdays with Morrie”. After going through some of his works, it will not be wrong to conclude that all the works of Mitch reflect the social and political reality of his life. The author’s beliefs and views are influenced by some specific people, like Morrie. Therefore, it is concluded that either consciously or unconsciously, the literary work of writers is shaped and affected by their overall life experience.

Works Cited

Albom, Mitch. Tuesdays with Morrie: An old man, a young man, and life's greatest lesson. Hachette UK, 2009.

Albom, Mitch. The Fab Five: Basketball trash talk the American dream. Grand Central Publishing, 2009.

BIBLIOGRAPHY "MITCH ALBOM: THE INFLUENCE OF HIS LIFE ON HIS WORKS." n.d. ESSAY911. <https://www.essay-911.com/samples/mitchalbomtheinfluence.htm>.

Literature And Movie

Manuel Pig’s Kiss of the Spider Woman

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Introduction

Monuel Puig’s Kiss of the Spider Woman is an excellent example of writing in post literature society. The novel generalizes the popular culture as the general mode of expression in contemporary, Western Society. The book was written in experiment mode and therefore, it draws attention to the post literature situation. It is therefore, addresses the society forces of oppression that hinder human liberation through cultural and politically issues. Molina and Valentin were jailed for different reasons. Molina was jailed for the corruption of the minor while Valentin was a political prisoner who was jailed for trying to overthrow the government. Valentin was part of the revolutionary group working overboard to change the political composition of the country and that pissed off of the government of the day CITATION Col78 \l 1033 (Colchie, 1978). However, under democratic government Molina and Valentin would have not been jailed. In a democratic society, people have freedom of expression and association and therefore, organizing government and campaigning for good governance would have not led Valentin to jail.

Whether Molina and Valentin committed depends with the society they live. In democratic society like the United States and other Western nations Valentin and Molina would have not been jailed CITATION Col78 \l 1033 (Colchie, 1978). But in other society like in Middle East and some of Africa, agitating against the government is a big crime and individual could be jailed for treason like what Valentine faced for attempting to overthrow the government. Since Molina was a transgender activity, Molina operations are limited and could be jailed for such as activities in autocratic society. However, Molina and Valentine did not commit any crime in any democratic society like the United States. It is evident the society where Molina and Valentine were jailed was dictatorial of autocratic state. Crime is an action which is considered as an offense and punishable by the law. The state decides what is regarded as crime since it is the state which makes laws which everyone is required to follow.

However, at the end of the novel both Molina and Valentin run away from the cell and decided to work together to bring down a corrupt system. Placing the two into the same cell gave them an opportunity to share information and strategy how to bring to the end a system which has paralyzed citizens for years.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Colchie, T. (1978). Manuel Puig's Kiss of the Spider Woman as Post-literature. Auburn University : Pearson.

Literature And Movie

Literature and Movie

Nathalia

Institution

Dictatorship in South America

Question 1

What is the meaning of "state violence"? The article talks about detention, torture, murder, and disappearance but could you use some other examples of state violence? Is state violence something exceptional to dictatorial countries?

State violence is suffering and harm caused by the state using legitimate government authority. The victim of state violence can be a certain group of people or individuals. In most cases of state violence, victims are threat to the unjust rules and regulations of dictatorial government. Apart from detention, torture, murder, and disappearance; there are various other factors like, rule of law, denial of citizenship rights, freedom of speech, and genocide that result in state violence. State violence is also practiced by democratic governments by refusing the basic human rights of its citizens.

Question 2

The paper talks about numbers: what makes the difference between one number or another (the gap between 30,000 or 14000 murdered people in Chile)? Why post-dictatorial justice is needed?

Under the regime of General Pinochet, there are almost 30,000 people tortured, murdered and imprisoned in the first two weeks. The number and timeline reflect the severity of state violence. 30,000 is a big number when discussing the victims of state terrorism or violence. There has also been report of 140,000 people being a victim of state violence in Chile. The gap between numbers is due to lack of sources to get the actual data especially under a harsh dictatorial rule CITATION Boo18 \l 1033 (State Violence in Latin America, 2018). Post-dictatorial justice is needed to develop relationship between politics, democratization, and judicial accountability CITATION Aga15 \l 1033 (Agata Fijalkowski, 2015).

The Official Story

Question 1

What class does Alicia teach? And why does the literature teacher says that literature and history always collapse? What is in your opinion the difference between literature and history? Is History more real than literature or is History just one of the versions of reality?

Alicia Maquet teaches history in high school. The literature teacher says that the literature and history always collapse, this is because history is always written by victors. In my opinion, history and literature are closely related. Tradition, customs, aspirations, and feelings of a race are written in literature. History includes the facts which are recorded by individuals that are influenced by leaders to address their achievements. History is always written by victors but it is still more reliable source as compared to literature. Literature is written by an individual usually based on his imagination rather than actual facts.

Question 2

What do you think of the scene in which the children scare Gaby when she is playing with her doll? What is Gaby´s role in the movie?

Gaby was the adopted daughter of Alicia Maquet. The scene in which Gaby was playing with her doll and got scared shows Gaby’s psychological weakness due to witnessing domestic violence.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Agata Fijalkowski, R. G. (2015). TRANSITIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN POST-DICTATORIAL AND POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES. Retrieved from https://intersentia.be/nl/transitional-criminal-justice-in-post-dictatorial-and-post-conflict-societies.html

State Violence in Latin America. (2018, 9 13). Bookreview - Jerry Davilas Dictatorship in South America. Retrieved from State Violence in Latin America: https://dictaduras.digitalwcu.org/book-review/jerry-davilas-dictatorship-in-south-america/

Literature And Movie

Organic and traditional intellectual

Student’s Name

Institution

Introduction

Farewell was a good hearted man, passionate, a writer and champion of change in the society. Though he was blessed with wealth and connection, his relationship with people cut across class and therefore, he had no boundaries of friends. He integrated with both the rich and the poor with the society and spent most of time focusing on what is best for Chile and how challenges Chileans endure can be encountered. However, Farewell can be regarded as a traditional intellectual. Through his poet he speaks on behalf of the common people not a specific class in the society. He focuses on the good for the country which does not reflect on specific class in the society. As stated in the novel, Farewell friends cut across the class. He did not have class when it comes to relationship and working with people. It is pointed out that he invited people from across the board and society for a discussion at his farm in the country-yard. I would consider corporate leaders and musicians as organic intellectual and activists as traditional intellectual.

Sebastian taught Pinochet about good governance, economics and leadership. Sebastian was an economic teacher and a political activists turned politician. He never believed in the leadership of Pinochet and therefore, several times he lectured him on leadership, good government and economic which are key fundamentals for the growth of a country. However, Roberto Bolano had negative feelings about the things which were happening in Chile. He never believed the leadership of Pinochet was offering any meaningful leadership to the people. It feared for the people CITATION Mic153 \l 1033 (Owell, 2015). It is because the leadership was for the minority of people of Chile the working class while the majority of people were lavishly in poverty.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Owell, M. (2015). Sebastián Piñera. Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique , 2-15.