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Write To Explain Solutions To Help Stop Other Teens From Risking Their Lives By Driving Under The Influence Of Alcohol.

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Literature

29 October 2019

Prevention of Teenage Drinking and Driving

There are a lot of regulations in the United States that state that the consumption of Alcohol is illegal for teenagers. So, it is not a surprise that it is now the biggest cause of death in teenage CITATION CDC12 \l 1033 (CDC). Even though the teenage have excellent reflexes, Alcohol still impairs most of their driving skills and slows down their reaction time and blurs their vision. Thankfully, parents can exercise several measures of control on their teenage children so that such a situation is avoided and precious lives are saved. Ground-rules must be conveyed by the parents regarding the consumption of alcohol. It should be strictly explained that the consumption of alcohol is banned for anyone under the age of twenty-one. Furthermore, the risks of drinking should be explained as well by the parents for the sake of safety for their children. But the duty of the parents does not end there. They should teach their children the ability to handle peer pressure and the sudden swing of emotions that are very common in teenage CITATION Van11 \l 1033 (Van Dijk MSW). Avoid drinking in front of your teenage children in you can help it as mentioning alcohol as a joke in front of your children. Keep alcohol away from the reach of your teenage children, so that any bright ideas do not come in their heads. Keep your children under a watchful eye, always have the knowledge of your child's whereabouts and get to know your children’s friends so that they do not fall into evil ways. Also, keep in contact with the parents of your child's friends in case of serious emergencies. Consoling sessions with your children help as well. Most parents do not give their children enough time which makes them attracted to drinking. Every life is precious and these slight measures by the parents can help save the life of their children, as well as other people's children.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY CDC. "Teen Drinking and Driving: A Dangerous Mix." 2012.

Van Dijk MSW, Sheri. Don't Let Your Emotions Run Your Life for Teens: Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills for Helping You Manage Mood Swings, Control Angry Outbursts. Instant Help, 2011.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

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Relationship between Freedom of Movement, Gender, and the City

Women today are raising their children and taking care of their home along with participating with men in the workforce. Women did so much struggles to reach the stage where they are in contemporary time. They fought for their rights, movement of freedom, and resources for a better life. People follow various norms, rituals, and stereotypes that shape the pattern of society. Women had almost no rights and limited opportunities in past. Stereotypes of society made difficult for women to live. Women were playing the role of mother, sister, and daughter. Besides they were not allowed to leave home for work. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the relationship between freedom of movement, gender, and the city. It is important to understand the role of gender in society in the past.

“Women have routinely been punished and intimidated for attempting that most simple of freedoms, taking a walk,” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"fPJZZLgG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Top 100 Quotes & Sayings About Sexuality})","plainCitation":"(Top 100 Quotes & Sayings About Sexuality)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1007,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/JCUVXPVQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/JCUVXPVQ"],"itemData":{"id":1007,"type":"webpage","title":"Top 100 Quotes & Sayings About Sexuality","URL":"https://quotessayings.net/topics/sexuality/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Top 100 Quotes & Sayings About Sexuality) is the quote from the book wanderlust, written by Rebecca Solnit that depicts the condition of the women in past. Women were considered as a sexual object that was supposed to provide sexual pleasure to men. Men were the leader of the family while women were totally dependent on them. History reveals that men were handling the workforce and financial issues of the society. Men were getting higher education and better jobs while women were restricted to their homes. Women had the role of supervision of men's children and parents. They were considered as the pride of the family who cannot go out without a male family member. They were forced to kill their wishes and desires for their families. Opportunities like education and jobs were prohibited for them. However, with time things changed and women start getting an education and joined the workforce. However, she faced issues of harassment, gender bias, and humiliation at the workplace.

Women were bound to their houses while men managed the financial issues of the family. Women had to face health issues and other family issues due to a lack of knowledge and basic education. In the book, the poor cow life of a married woman was highlighted who felt broken and empty while living with her husband. She was a prostitute but still faced psychological issues and negative emotions due to the uncaring behavior of her husband. She involved in prostitution with the belief that “I need different men to satisfy my different moods,” (Dunn, 62) but the story reveals that how she needed the support and love of her husband. The uncaring behavior of husband made her insecure and she started believing that she was used by husband. Though, she was actually used by the men to whom she gave sexual pleasure. The story explains the status of women in the past where the husband did not pay attention to the wishes and desires of the wife. On the other hand, women from outside families were taken as a sexual object and they were unable to gain respect from men of society. Women were not allowed to drive or work in the night shift. Even in the morning shift, major positions were given to men only who increased the inequality since women start working.

Women had no life. They were not allowed to do a job or even they get there were lots of restrictions on them. In addition, if women joined the workforce their workload increased as they were forced to fulfill housework along with jobs. It increased their work but women had to follow the stereotypes of society. For instance, in the book "poor cow" the female character stated that “I clean all me stairs down then I put a bit of Harpic down the lavatory and it’s done, then I go down the laundrette and get me shopping. If yer heart’s in yer home it’s all right, otherwise it’s useless” (Dunn, 120). The evidence explains how women were supposed to do the cooking, laundry, glossary, and other works. In addition, they had to look after men's children and make them able to grow healthy and strong. Society in the past ignored the desires of the women; they were not asked whether they want to live within houses all the time or they want to live free. The concept of freedom of movement was missing. They were not allowed to leave home without their male member and if they tried to go, then society used to consider them as bad or prostitute. Various researches indicate that even today if one of the partners had to quit the job for home then it would be women because men are considered as financial supporters of the family and women can do the job unless their home environment does not affect it. This means a job or professional life is the second option for women while home responsibility is considered as the priority task for them.

Thinking of men in the past was so negative towards women. Freedom of movement became the terror for women. For instance, in the book Virginia Woolf written by Mrs. Dallowey lines, “She had the perpetual sense, as she watched the taxi cabs, of being out, out, far out to sea and alone; she always had the feeling that it was very, very, dangerous to live even one day,” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4DjvRLtE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Zwerdling)","plainCitation":"(Zwerdling)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1002,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/GKL6PMXC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/GKL6PMXC"],"itemData":{"id":1002,"type":"article-journal","title":"Mrs. Dalloway and the Social System","container-title":"PMLA","page":"69-82","volume":"92","issue":"1","source":"JSTOR","archive":"JSTOR","abstract":"In Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf wanted, as she says, \"to criticise the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.\" Her critical attention is focused not on individuals but on the values of a particular class at a particular historical moment. Her novel examines the governing class's control over English society in the period immediately following the First World War, showing how coercive the ideal of stoical fortitude nurtured during the War had become by the time it was over. The dominant faith in the value of self-control creates an atmosphere of emotional austerity that in one way or another affects the behavior of all the characters in the novel. It inhibits the natural expression of feeling in those who live by the governing-class code and turns the more rebellious members of the society into unstable emotional exhibitionists.","DOI":"10.2307/461415","ISSN":"0030-8129","author":[{"family":"Zwerdling","given":"Alex"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1977"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Zwerdling) indicate the situation of the girl for being alone outside. There are places even today where women are not allowed to go out without a male member. In Saudia Arabia, there is a law that women have to cover their faces and should go out only if they are accompanied by their male members of the family. Similarly in the past, sexual harassment and rape were common in society. Men considered women as their personal property when they were alone. Through the storyline, the feeling of woman, her emotion, fear, and terror can be understood. Women were so helpless and terrified that they did not even think about their rights. They did not ask for basic necessities due to the social pressure and influence of stereotypes developed by society. Even when women started to go out and started their jobs, men were terrified and insecure as they were worried about dominancy. Not only this, the group of women was against the freedom of other women. History indicates that when women asked for their basic rights and needs, they faced bashing from the group of women. These women believed that it is better to remain under men and the movement of freedom or demand of rights would result in vulgarity in society.

The city or society changed the thinking pattern of women and they became unable to even think about freedom. “She thought there were no Gods; no one was to blame; and so she evolved this atheist's religion of doing good for the sake of goodness,” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4DjvRLtE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Zwerdling)","plainCitation":"(Zwerdling)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1002,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/GKL6PMXC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/GKL6PMXC"],"itemData":{"id":1002,"type":"article-journal","title":"Mrs. Dalloway and the Social System","container-title":"PMLA","page":"69-82","volume":"92","issue":"1","source":"JSTOR","archive":"JSTOR","abstract":"In Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf wanted, as she says, \"to criticise the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.\" Her critical attention is focused not on individuals but on the values of a particular class at a particular historical moment. Her novel examines the governing class's control over English society in the period immediately following the First World War, showing how coercive the ideal of stoical fortitude nurtured during the War had become by the time it was over. The dominant faith in the value of self-control creates an atmosphere of emotional austerity that in one way or another affects the behavior of all the characters in the novel. It inhibits the natural expression of feeling in those who live by the governing-class code and turns the more rebellious members of the society into unstable emotional exhibitionists.","DOI":"10.2307/461415","ISSN":"0030-8129","author":[{"family":"Zwerdling","given":"Alex"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1977"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Zwerdling) is the line from Virginia Woolf which indicates the feeling of helplessness of women. They believed that they cannot change their life and there is no god who can help them. This thinking made the reason for men's dominancy and health issues of women. The condition and burden of responsibilities made women helpless and clueless to resolve their issues. Stereotypes and social figures of women resulted in psychological disorders. For instance, in the book "the yellow wallpaper" the author explained the condition of the women and their health issue ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RXwQtjKE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gilman)","plainCitation":"(Gilman)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1006,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/BPEBPXVP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/BPEBPXVP"],"itemData":{"id":1006,"type":"book","title":"The yellow wallpaper","publisher":"[New York] Feminist Press","number-of-pages":"70","source":"Internet Archive","abstract":"Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.; Reprint of the 1899 ed. published by Small, Maynard, Boston; Includes bibliographical references; c.1; c.2 w/d; c.3","URL":"http://archive.org/details/yellowwallpaper00gilmgoog","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Gilman","given":"Charlotte Perkins"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1973"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gilman). A young woman with a newborn baby was forced to live in the house the whole day while her husband and brother were busy in a job. Her husband was a physician still he remained unaware of wife's mental health due to the influence of stereotypes. The typical thinking that women should remain in the house and rest is the best cures for their health issue resulted in severe psychological issues of the woman. The young woman started to see women in the wallpaper and tried to free her from the trap. In reality, a woman in the wallpaper was the symbol of women's condition in that time that were trapped in houses to kill their wishes and dreams for the sake of men's happiness. When they started to work they were restricted to specific fields like teaching, nursing, and writing while major fields like doctors and engineers were made for men. Harassment was the major issue as men were using women as sexual object so it a too long time for men to accept the presence of women as colleagues or partners at the workplace.

Through the analysis of books, it can understand the life of women in the past was difficult. The dominancy of male members and stereotypes of society were the main factors that resulted in hurdles and restrictions for women. Women were restricted to stay at home and were not allowed to get an education or to do a job. Movement of freedom was missing from the life of them. They were not allowed to leave home without male members. These limitations resulted in psychological disorders in women. In addition, women acquired a feeling of fear and helplessness.

Work Cited

Dunn, Nell. Poor Cow. London: Virago, 2014. Kindle Edition.

---. Talking to Women. Bristol: Macgibbon&Kee, 1965. Print.

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. [New York] Feminist Press, 1973. Internet Archive, http://archive.org/details/yellowwallpaper00gilmgoog.

Top 100 Quotes & Sayings About Sexuality. https://quotessayings.net/topics/sexuality/. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.

Zwerdling, Alex. “Mrs. Dalloway and the Social System.” PMLA, vol. 92, no. 1, 1977, pp. 69–82. JSTOR, JSTOR, doi:10.2307/461415.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

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Buildings’ Role in Gothic Fiction: a Review of The Castle of Otranto and Northanger Abbey

Introduction

Northanger Abbey! These were thrilling words, and wound up Catherine's feelings to the highest point of ecstasy (Austen, Jane. N.p). Fiction has changed and developed dramatically in the present era with arrival of 3D technology, but it was perhaps in its simplest form during the romantic age where writers used to imagine and portray a world and the reader was also supposed to see that world with the imaginative eye. This medium was helped by the physical description of the objects, places, and characters which were supposed to be visualized in the mind of the reader. Gothic fiction was famous in that era to help the reader’s imagination by giving physical description of the objects. An English critic Patrick Kennedy defines Gothic literature as: “writing that employs dark and picturesque scenery, startling and melodramatic narrative devices, and an overall atmosphere of exoticism, mystery, fear, and dread. Often, a Gothic novel or story will revolve around a large, ancient house that conceals a terrible secret or that serves as the refuge of an especially frightening and threatening character” (Hopkins, Robert. P.p. 213). Kennedy’s definition reveals that the description of setting and buildings in an extraordinary way is norm in while producing Gothic fiction. First significant Gothic fiction example is The Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole. Jane Austen is a credible Romantic era English novelist. She also is famous for fascinating the imagination of her readers. She portrays Gothic setting in her novel Northanger Abbey (1817). It is also an argument that she wrote Gothic comedy. Nevertheless, both writers successfully captivate the imagination of their readers. This essay discusses how the Gothic description becomes imaginative catalyst for contemplating power.

Body

Horace Walpole’s novel The Castle of Otranto (1764) portrays a castle of medieval age that makes this novel a typical gothic novel with unrealistic description of the building, living pictures of the deceased characters, and the arrival of the giants within the plot. The novel revolves around the story of Isabella who is expected to marry Conrad, the prince of Otranto. Manfred is the ruler of Otranto who is eager to make this marriage happen as soon as possible. His eagerness reveals first Gothic feature that this marriage is going to happen as the result of a prophecy that the castle should get its heir as soon as possible (Bruhm, Steven. P.p. 259). Horace writes: “The Castle and Lordship of Otranto should pass from the present family whenever the real owner should be grown too large to inhabit it” (Walpole, Horace. N.p.). Manfred wants this castle to remain within his family, but his son dies suddenly before marriage. The description of his death itself makes the novel a typical Gothic novel; Conrad dies as the result of a “Giant Helmet’s attack”. Angela Wright is a known Postmodern English critic who argues that the description of a castle is the first and a bold attempt by the author of fiction to boost the imagination of his/her readers. Wright turns to be right when we discover that Walpole gives special room to the description of the castle of Otranto. The castle is not less than a mystery where supernatural creatures appear and even act. The only prince dies as the result of a giant helmet’s attack and no one looks as much shocked as one might look if such an incident happens in real life. The ruler of the castle accepts it as a fate and then plans to continue his lineage from Isabella, his son’s fiancée after his death. He plans to kill or divorce his wife Hippolita, but Isabella contradicts with his plans. He attempts to rape her and then again we notice the arrival of supernatural forces. He is distracted by the swaying feathers of the giant helmet and then appears the hero of the story: Theodore, a peasant. Walpole describes the incident in a way that the reader delves into the haunted walls of the castle: “Manfred rose to pursue her; when the moon, which was now up, and gleamed in at the opposite casement, presented to his sight the plumes of the fatal helmet, which rose to the height of the windows, waving backwards and forwards in a tempestuous manner, and accompanied with a hollow and rustling sound…. “Heaven nor hell shall impede my designed!” said Manfred, advancing again to seize the princess. At that instant, the portrait of his grandfather, which hung over the bench where they had been sitting, uttered a deep sigh, and heaved its breast” (Walpole, Horace. N.p.). It is revealed in the novel that Theodore was a noble born and he turns to be the husband of Princess Isabella. The novel is rich with such description and quotes that support the argument of Wright that the presence of a castle in a fiction story is enough to catalyze the imagination of the reader.

Jane Austen’s novel Northanger Abbey (1817) is not considered a Gothic fiction rather a mockery of the Gothic fiction, but the author artistically fulfills the purpose of fascinating the imagination of her readers by Gothic and mysterious description of Northanger Abbey that was a church before it became the house of General Tilney. Catherine is the heroine of the novel, she is an ordinary girl like one other famous heroine of Jane Austen Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice (1813). Austen is famous for writing on contemporary social issues of women in particular. Catherine is grown up and she is ready to pursue her match that is the reason that she is allowed to travel to Bath. Catherine is fond of Gothic fiction and she always remains in imagination of supernatural incidents and mysterious discoveries. The first part of the book discusses her experiences in Bath and the second part occurs when she travels to Northanger Abbey with her lover Henry Tilney. Her experiences at Northanger Abbey reveal that Austen was not writing Gothic fiction rather a mockery of that. Catherine stays at Northanger Abbey and learns that Mrs. Tilney has died a few years ago. She is under the influence of the readings of Gothic fiction and the description of white building of the abbey boosts her supernatural imagination. She doubts that General Tileny might have killed his wife mysteriously and her spirit still haunts the building. She enters into the secret room of General Tilney when he is away. She is captured by the eyes of Henry, a clergyman and her lover. He enquires what she was doing there and being a naïve girl she tells everything straight. Henry insults her and makes her realize how poor thinking she has. Eventually, Catherine realizes her mental abnormality after excessive reading of Gothic fiction and after realization she almost abandons(Austen, Jane. N.p.). Finally, they marry after some hindrances and Catherine realizes that the life is much different than how it appears in the novels. Interestingly, Austen has criticizes exaggeration of mysterious descriptions in novels through a novel and in a mild tone. Nevertheless, Angela Wright’s argument that mere existence of castles (or alike buildings) in the novels is enough to boost the imagination of a reader.

Conclusion

Gothic fiction is a famous genre in English literature that has developed much in this era of technology where people are sent to the world of awe by portraying supernatural kind of pictures with the use of 3D technology. In the past, it was detailed description of the objects that was used to capture the imagination of the reader. Angela Wright argues rightly that a castle was enough in a story to haunt the reader’s mind and to catalyze his/her imagination. Horace Walpole’s novel The Castle of Otranto (1764) and Jane Austen’s novel Northanger Abbey are analyzed to evaluate the argument of Angela Wright and much shreds of the literary pieces appear to be supportive to her argument.

Works Cited

Walpole, Horace. The Castle of Otranto and The Mysterious Mother. Broadview Press, 2003.

Austen, Jane. Northanger abbey. Broadview Press, 2002.

Hopkins, Robert. "General Tilney and Affairs of State: The Political Gothic of" Northanger Abbey"." Philological Quarterly 57.2 (1978): 213.

Bruhm, Steven. "The contemporary Gothic: why we need it." (2002): 259.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

Writing Assignment #2 (Shahnameh And Inferno)

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Writing Assignment #2: Shahnameh and Inferno

Various genres of Art and literature are filled with the concept of pain and human suffering. Shahnameh is a literary masterpiece that demonstrates the insightful concept of human suffering and mortality. Written by a famous poet “Abu’s- Qasim Ferdowsi," the center of the poem on the life of the famous kings and their heroic tales along with the historical civilization of the Iranian government. The key pain and suffering conceptualized in the Shahnameh is death ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MdZie9qy","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sadeghi)","plainCitation":"(Sadeghi)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":18,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/BK7JTZ4D"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/BK7JTZ4D"],"itemData":{"id":18,"type":"article-journal","title":"A Comparative Study of the Story of Esfandiar in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Achilles in Homer's Iliad","container-title":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","page":"550","volume":"3","issue":"7","source":"www.mcser.org","abstract":"Epic is a kind of descriptive poem which is based on describing heroic and manhood actions and prides of a nation or person so that it includes different symbols of their life.Iliad and Odysses of Homerus, Ramayana and Mehabeharatay of Indians and Shahnameh of Ferdowsi are three great epics of the world.These three epic works are related to Aryan race which has been divided into different branches and everyone has been settled in a land and this is why that there are some common characteristics between them. As epic of every nation is a mirror that shows their culture, nature and endogenous life, these relations and coordination of two Iranian and Greek epics, Shahnameh and Iliad and Odysses show proximity of the two nations in mirror of history. .Shahnameh has been divided into three mythological, heroic and historical parts Iliad and Odysses has been also composed by Homerus, famous Greek poet. Iliad book includes explanation of ten years war between Greece and Troas in 24 chapters and Odysses, which has 24 poems, is about Olis, one of heroes of Troas war and figures his braveries. These two great epics which show two known old culture, can be compared from different characteristics. There are many behavioral likenesses in view of individual, social relationships and acquaintance with different kinds of their natures in addition to structural likenesses. Existence of heroes such as Esfandiyar and Achilles, greedy and chimerical kings such as Keykavoos and Agamemnon, experienced masters such as Piran and Odysses, beautiful and sly women such as Soodabeh and Helen and devotedand portentous teenagers such as Bahram and Patrocelos, all show much likeness of these two epics. As one of important elements of epic texts is heroic element and Esfandiyar and Achilles are two considered heroes in shahnameh and Iliad and their life is similar to each other and both are invulnerable heroes of Iran and Greece who their bravery determined fate of two nations, we decided to introduce story of Esfandiyar and Achilles after defining epic and its elements and introducing Shahnameh of Ferdowsi and Iliad of Homerus and explaining likeness of them and explain likeness and difference between these two story while figuring bravery of this two invulnerable heroes of Iran and Greece. \nDOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p550","ISSN":"2240-0524","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Sadeghi","given":"Masoumeh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",9,30]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sadeghi). It is shown to be inevitable, and it cannot be negotiated. It even leaves tears in the eyes of those who accept it at their earliest. It is considered to be the permanent suffering in the world, followed by the life where the person is going to reap what he sows. These sufferings are utterly heartbreaking such as the suffering of leaving your loved ones behind and accepting grave as your new home. Leaving your things behind and stepping into the afterlife are the major concerns. The realization that you still have deepest desires embedded in your heart, and you are leaving without achieving them is utterly disturbing. This is the concept that brings tragedy to death ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"65kLX6cu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sadeghi)","plainCitation":"(Sadeghi)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":18,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/BK7JTZ4D"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/BK7JTZ4D"],"itemData":{"id":18,"type":"article-journal","title":"A Comparative Study of the Story of Esfandiar in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Achilles in Homer's Iliad","container-title":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","page":"550","volume":"3","issue":"7","source":"www.mcser.org","abstract":"Epic is a kind of descriptive poem which is based on describing heroic and manhood actions and prides of a nation or person so that it includes different symbols of their life.Iliad and Odysses of Homerus, Ramayana and Mehabeharatay of Indians and Shahnameh of Ferdowsi are three great epics of the world.These three epic works are related to Aryan race which has been divided into different branches and everyone has been settled in a land and this is why that there are some common characteristics between them. As epic of every nation is a mirror that shows their culture, nature and endogenous life, these relations and coordination of two Iranian and Greek epics, Shahnameh and Iliad and Odysses show proximity of the two nations in mirror of history. .Shahnameh has been divided into three mythological, heroic and historical parts Iliad and Odysses has been also composed by Homerus, famous Greek poet. Iliad book includes explanation of ten years war between Greece and Troas in 24 chapters and Odysses, which has 24 poems, is about Olis, one of heroes of Troas war and figures his braveries. These two great epics which show two known old culture, can be compared from different characteristics. There are many behavioral likenesses in view of individual, social relationships and acquaintance with different kinds of their natures in addition to structural likenesses. Existence of heroes such as Esfandiyar and Achilles, greedy and chimerical kings such as Keykavoos and Agamemnon, experienced masters such as Piran and Odysses, beautiful and sly women such as Soodabeh and Helen and devotedand portentous teenagers such as Bahram and Patrocelos, all show much likeness of these two epics. As one of important elements of epic texts is heroic element and Esfandiyar and Achilles are two considered heroes in shahnameh and Iliad and their life is similar to each other and both are invulnerable heroes of Iran and Greece who their bravery determined fate of two nations, we decided to introduce story of Esfandiyar and Achilles after defining epic and its elements and introducing Shahnameh of Ferdowsi and Iliad of Homerus and explaining likeness of them and explain likeness and difference between these two story while figuring bravery of this two invulnerable heroes of Iran and Greece. \nDOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p550","ISSN":"2240-0524","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Sadeghi","given":"Masoumeh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",9,30]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sadeghi). One of the characters that have been shown to be most suffered by this tragedy of death is Rustom. He was a king with a heroic ability but ended up killing his son unconsciously. Although the poet takes the concept of death and suffering as extreme sorrow, he believes that it is, in fact, a part of the human’s life. No one can deny it. In his poem, he criticizes the world that his youth bought him a complete joy, but when he got old, he felt weak and conquerable.

Although death is the inevitable reality of everyone and everything, its amplitude will be different for everyone. Some may suffer that pain in a different way than the other. Poet says that man is trying to hoard the wealth without considering the fact it will be left in this world without him. The only way to deal with this suffering is to accept the reality of it and acknowledge that he will ultimately have to surrender to it.

Another amazing piece of literature that demonstrates the human suffering is Dante's "Inferno." It explains the reasons for human suffering. It depicts that human sufferings are the consequences of choices that are made in life. The universal truth about the human condition is suffering, that is inevitable. One of the characters in a poem is “Capaneus," who suffers from punishment as a consequence of disobedience ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"znQ28swi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Alighieri)","plainCitation":"(Alighieri)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":21,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/HS4BDAZJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/HS4BDAZJ"],"itemData":{"id":21,"type":"book","title":"The Divine Comedy","publisher":"G. Routledge","number-of-pages":"236","source":"Google Books","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Alighieri","given":"Dante"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1891"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Alighieri). He was struck down by a Zeus for refusing to believe in a prophecy that he would not conquer the city of Thebes. His anger turns into his punishment as a result of his ignorance. He remained disobedient of Gods and was thrown in the bottom of the hell with other cursers. Throughout the story, Cuperous was believed to show extreme stubbornness and denied his faults. As a result of this stubbornness, he was subjected to ultimate suffering ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"vuZKW6hN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Alighieri)","plainCitation":"(Alighieri)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":21,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/HS4BDAZJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LGdpQbDd/items/HS4BDAZJ"],"itemData":{"id":21,"type":"book","title":"The Divine Comedy","publisher":"G. Routledge","number-of-pages":"236","source":"Google Books","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Alighieri","given":"Dante"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1891"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Alighieri). Dante portrays suffering not only as a means of further causing more pain to us but also learning experiences as a result of those suffering. When we suffer, we are given an ultimate chance of learning from those misfortunes. It serves as a caution. But if we refuse to acknowledge and accept our mistakes, we ultimately surrender ourselves to the stubbornness. In this way, it turns into a punishment that is depicted in the poem "Inferno."It helps to demonstrate the grief that comes with not accepting our mistakes.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Alighieri, Dante. The Divine Comedy. G. Routledge, 1891.

Sadeghi, Masoumeh. “A Comparative Study of the Story of Esfandiar in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and Achilles in Homer’s Iliad.” Journal of Educational and Social Research, vol. 3, no. 7, Sept. 2013, p. 550.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Writing In Medical Field

Noshin Chowdhary

Instructor Name

Literature

23 January 2020

Writing in Medical Field

Medical writing

Medical writing includes recorded scientific documents of various types which may include research or regulatory documents, literature about details of a disease or ailment for the general public, journal articles, health or medical articles for news periodicals or content for healthcare websites and blogs CITATION Tay15 \l 1033 (Taylor). The language used in the documents is kept highly formal due to the needs of the medical profession. Medical writers need a detailed knowledge of the terminologies and jargon used in the pieces of this writing. The demand for medical writing is growing steadily in the healthcare and pharmaceutical markets. Writers can either work independently or ask the services of a professional to record or present their findings. There are even graduates outside the medical field that are considering a career in medical writing.

According to a few medical journals, active voice is preferred when it comes to recording medical findings. Many medical practitioners agree to this notion and say that passive voice is less direct, concise or clear than active voice and that the recording of data in passive voice is a matter of following an old tradition rather than being considered a rigid tenant of scientific data recording CITATION TDM15 \l 1033 (TD). Often the research ideas are backed by scientific evidence that makes it often preferable for the person recording the data to be deeply cultured in the practices of studying in a lab or analysis of a medical text.

Every often, the medical scientists and pharmacists need to reach out to the general public that are often not educated to understand simple instructions, let alone the complex and often difficult medical language. Therefore, medical writing also includes numerous visual aids like images, charts, graphs and even video clips that help the majority of people to understand what the writer is trying to convey to them. These visual aids also serve the purpose to help in further research should there be a need for comparative or additional research in the future. Often the written material is accomplished by a list of cited works that are usually recorded in the APA style of citation. Sometimes, the writer may have to use other styles, such as MLA or Harvard style of citation. This list at the end of the documents is used to cross-reference the stated facts and figures in the document and also aid others should they wish to conduct their separate researches on the same or relevant subject.

Analysis of Workplace Document

The most commonly seen piece of medical writing used in a workplace that everyone needs to know about is no doubt the lab test reports that are used to make decisions about the treatment of a disease. In certain countries, such as the US, the inland laws allow the patients or their representatives to access the medical test reports even before they are sent to be viewed by their doctors, with the caveat that they can prove their identity to the said labs. Things makes it highly important that the patients must learn to educate herself so that she may be able to decipher the message that is conveyed in the medical test report.

The language used in these reports is often in the form of facts and figures that do not make it easy for an average person to understand what the report is trying to convey. Nevertheless, these reports contain all the details that are required by the doctors, and in some nurses, to suggest a carefully assessed dose of medicine or administration of a medical procedure that may prove vital for the survival of a patient. This makes the medical lab reports an essential part of the treatment of a patient. In some cases, these reports are also asked by the nurses and the doctors before starting a surgical procedure on a patient.

Many students of pathological studies often pose a question that how should a medical report should be organized so that it is not difficult to read. This is easier said than done. Each hospital has its method of recording data in a medical lab test report, but often it is recorded in a temporal fashion that puts the latest medical events at the forefront of the report. Some reports also have summaries of the patient's medical history with the institution so that the medical treatment is carried out in an orderly fashion that wastes the minimum time of the patient.

There are many styles of format for writing such reports. But certain elements are essential as per the legal requirements of the medical profession. These include the date and time when the report was prepared, the full name of the patient/subject along with all her information that is necessary in the course of treatment, or for insurance claims (in some cases), the person who prepared the report and the doctor who may have suggested the preparation of the said report, and most important, the certificate of authorship and authenticity of the said report. Some cases may require the pathologists to create a special report that adheres to specific legal or medical requirements.

The tone used in these types of documents is highly formal as is the purpose of these reports. That is why the language used in these documents is colorless and rigid. This is mainly since these reports play a vital role in preserving the health, in some rare cases, the life of the patient, for whom the doctor or nurse requests the report. These reports are kept as brief as possible so that the required treatments could be administered as quickly and efficiently as possible to give some relief to the patient in question.

Normally, these documents are generated at a snail's pace. This is not because the material in these documents take a long time to write. But the reason is that the procedures done to generate accurate medical results are often complex and require some time to be completed to yield results. Since this is a job for extreme responsibility, so the procedures are not allowed to rush at all. Another thing that must be noted that these documents cite a detailed array of facts and figures that are relevant to the treatment of the patient, but even then, these documents do not use any type of graphs, images or other visual aids. There are exceptions like pregnancy and heart-related tests, but these are few and far between. After the document is prepared, they are often double-checked to avoid disastrous consequences.

Scholarly Article Analysis

To understand the role of medical writing in our lives, let us analyze an article about Acute Kidney Injury CITATION Mac19 \l 1033 (MacDonald). The writers of this article are experts in the field of nephrology, surgery, and hypertension, the pre-requisites needed for explaining and adding to the knowledge that is required to discuss such a serious subject.

The necessary purpose of the article is to add to the knowledge of the people that want to know about the Acute Kidney Injury and its various implications like its role in renal impairment and its negative effects on the liver. So, we can say that the article is more about addition rather than the revision of the subject matter. Another thing that is important about the article is the amount of previous data that the writers had to go through to give the causes of the Acute Kidney in the first place before offering further effects of the disease on the human body. For one, the writers presented the data of no less than seven institutions about the threshold of the levels of various components and liquids in the human body that indicate the functions of the kidney.

Like all the articles that deal with results of formal notion, the arrangement of all the facts and figures are kept in a fashion that adds to the meaning of the question posed by the research. First, the writers introduced the main subject of the topic in detail to help develop an understanding of the reader about the subject that is about to be discussed in detail. After that, the ability to gauge the problem and the indicators that should be observed are described in detail. When all the ideas are carefully cemented, then the writer explains the problems that they pose in their thesis statement along with the solutions that can be utilized to eliminate the said problem of Acute Kidney Injury.

The Delivery of the knowledge is also kept coherent so that the intended audience can make sense of the information that was delivered after painstaking research of the writers. The style of delivery is perhaps the most important thing in this type of writing if the message needs to be properly conveyed. Lastly, the style of the writing is kept simple and formal. This serves the twofold purpose of keeping the research easy to convey and emphasize the fact that the topic and purpose of the research are serious and therefore should be taken as such.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY MacDonald, Andrew J., Nadim, Mitra K., Durand, Françoisc, Karvellas, Constantine J. "Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis implications for liver transplantation." Current Opinion in Critical Care 25.2 (2019): 171-178.

Taylor, Robert B. What Every Medical Writer Needs to Know. Springer Publishers, 2015. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283488675_What_Every_Medical_Writer_Needs_to_Know>.

TD, Minton. In defense of the passive voice in medical writing. 2015.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

Writing Quiz #2

Writing quiz

Frederick Douglas proposed education as an effective tool for ending black slavery. Education allow people to see the injustice and inequality. Douglass through his narratives explains the whites held a certain degree of power and status that gave them the authority to control the lives of the black slaves. Slaves, on the other hand, lacked freedom and free status. Douglass concluded through his personal experiences that the most challenging thing for blacks is to get free and equal rights. Douglass used his reading and writing as a useful tool to influence other slaves and raise awareness. He reminded the audience, “slavery was a poor school for the human intellect” (Douglas). Douglass’s narrative was a defining moment in his life as he used his voice to provide knowledge to other blacks about America’s role in slavery.

Through his book he managed to capture the reality of the American injustices as he mentioned slavery was legal in America giving excessive rights to the white masters. Douglass rejected slavery, “during labor he has been most abundant, and his success in combating prejudice” (Douglas). Douglass managed to portray the evil side of the American life where blacks lacked freedom and fundamental rights. He criticized the Americans system of inequality and injustices. The speaking power allowed him to influence the black people and he presented him as one of the visible abolitionist acting against slavery. The narrative of Douglass became a historical document that highlighted the miseries of the black slaves and unfair role of the American state. The unfair policies resulted in inevitable tendency to brutalize the nobleness of every human. The white-master relationships were a perfect model of discrimination that deteriorated the lives of the black people. Douglas managed to stand against the brutality and used his thoughts to influence other slaves about recognition of their rights and status.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY DOuglass, Feredrick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 1845.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Yellow Wallpaper By Ch.Gilman,

The Yellow Wallpaper

Name

Affiliation

Date

The Yellow Wallpaper

C. P. Gilman authored a short story entitled "The Yellow Wallpaper,” which was published in the year 1892. The story shed light on the transition of a woman from sanity to insanity when she is confined to her room. The yellow wallpaper in the short story symbolizes women oppression and their transition towards insanity.

The yellow wallpaper is the symbol of women oppression, which sheds light that women have always been confined to their traditional role of homemaking. The author describes that “There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down” (Gilman, 1999, p. 513). It depicts that women are exposed to oppression and forced to live life according to the will of others. The author states that “Up and down and sideways they crawl, and those absurd, unblinking eyes are everywhere” (Gilman, 1999, p. 514), which sheds light on the fact that the society keeps dictating women about their actions, without acknowledging their will and potential which is actually absurd. Gilman also mentioned that “One of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin” (Gilman, 1999, p. 512) which symbolizes the senseless pattern of oppression directed towards the women. The lady confined to the room transitions to insanity while trying to find the hidden meaning of the wallpaper. She is not allowed to go out of her room on the name of taking her time to rest, while in reality she is being forced to live life in an unwanted manner (Baym, & Levine, 2011).

The short story has utilized the yellow wallpaper as the symbolism of women oppression. The pattern of oppression is recurrent, senseless but an important part of the society. It becomes the source of insanity of women by not allowing them freedom or acting or living their lives according to their will.

References

Baym, N., & Levine, R. S. (Eds.). (2011). The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Eighth International Student Edition. WW Norton & Company.

Gilman, C. P. (1999). The yellow wallpaper. Project Gutenberg: 511-523.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

You Can Pick Any Title

Name

Instructor Name

Subject

Date

Transcendentalism and Gender Roles

A very simple idea is defined through the American philosophy of Transcendentalism that men and women both have the same idea about the world around them and how they see themselves in this world. However, these ideas are mostly abstract, such as man’s relationship with nature and gender roles in society. The basis of these ideas is based on transgressing from the societal and religious reasoning that promoted fixed gender roles and slavery in society. Two notable transcendentalists, Emerson and Fuller discussed these norms in their works, “Self-Reliance” and The Great Lawsuit. However, Fuller’s essay, “The Great Lawsuit”makes a more effective argument against oppressive gender norms as compared to “Self-Reliance”. As it talks about the transcendentalist philosophy, feminism and fixed gender roles in the cultural and historical context in the 19th century.

Through Transcendentalism, a voice was raised to get equal women rights, revolt against the fixed gender roles, abolish slavery and stress the idea of “Self-Reliance” in American society as a drive for moving forward as a nation. Emerson in his famous essay, “Self-Reliance”, motivated the American nation to achieve glory, however, his essay only made men it's subject and it failed to capture women and their interests as individuals. for instance, in this line, Emerson is addressing men and the social norm of addressing them with honor “Every true man is a cause, a country and age; - and prosperity seem to follow his steps as a train of clients” (Emerson 99). Owing to the philosophy of Transcendentalism which revolts against the societal norms, Emerson uses the same anecdotes and refers to great philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato, and Milton because they have left great legacies behind and possessed great morals and strengths of MEN. “Him all tongues greet, all honors crown, all eyes follow with desire” (Emerson 112), in this instance it can be argued that if he is invoking the individualism within a society, American men are mentioned here. Quite the contrary, Fuller in her essay, talks about equality and equal distribution of resources between the two genders as this line focuses on equality “The sexes should not only correspond to and appreciate one another, but prophesy to one another” (Fuller.64). Moreover, this idea is based on rationality, intellectualism, and reason but “Self-Reliance” discusses these points with relation to men only instead of mentioning both the genders separately.

Feminism was a movement initiated by women after the French revolution, this movement talked about equality and the right to vote in a male-dominated society. Likewise, the transcendentalist philosophy talked about gender equality in a 19th-century American society where the term feminism was not even listed in the dictionaries. At that time, women were preparing themselves for the first wave of feminism. The ideology of feminism was only used as a political agenda by men and their issues remained the same regarding patriarchy and suffrage. The "woman question" was a part of all the scholarly discussions that started with the early 19th century. In the cultural context, men were dominated in society and religion also placed them on a high pedestal, likewise, women and their strengths and capabilities are not discussed in this essay. Moreover, society associated with irrationality and domestic work with women and men were perceived as intellectual beings and their superiors. In Emerson’s essay, women's individualism is absent, however, women contribute a lot in the collective good of society. He places men at a higher pedestal and encourages them to achieve the lost status of a man. Moreover, according to him the individual voice of a man should be the universal voice, “Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense” (Emerson 113). Quite on the contrary, Fuller in her essay, The Great Lawsuit, explores the idea of Transcendentalism from the perspective of women's individuality. She also takes into consideration, the matter of “women question” in this essay. In an instance, she addresses the social perception regarding feminism as “the same want of development, which thus affects him morally in the intellect, prevents his discerning the destiny of woman” (Fuller 65). Transcendentalist philosophy later inspired feminist ideas in women but the social and cultural paradigms are still prevalent. Furthermore, “Self-Reliance” as compared to “The Great Lawsuit” glorifies men whereas, on the other hand, Fuller points to the reasons behind gender discrimination and attempts at creating harmony between both the genders.

Fixed gender roles stem from the social and religious norms because the role distribution between men and women can be justified through these norms. Transcendentalist philosophy has revolted against these norms and calls for a rational change. Emerson has employed specifically "man-making" ideas and anecdotes from history to establish their individuality (Leverenz 36). For instance, in a place, he decides the position of men in society as “Let a man then know his worth, and keep things under his feet” (Emerson 99). The recurrent use of "man" and "men" in history, politics, and individuality, violates the principles of Transcendentalism because it keeps following the same lines of patriarchy and gender discrimination. Moreover, he has advised "boys" to be manly or a man like because a boy lives in a playhouse and views the world from there “A boy is in the parlour what the pit is in the playhouse; independent, irresponsible” (Emerson 100). This line refers to two ideas, one idea serves the need to man up to be self-reliant whereas the second idea hint to toxic masculinity. Fuller describes the European ideals and their influence on the patriarchal practices in America. She states that in America it is a common perception that in matrimony, man is head of the house and woman is its heart. The law also perceives women as the sole protectors of children and domestic responsibilities because they are inferior in the social hierarchy. She then quotes an example from religion that in Christianity, both men and women were saints when it came to divine rules. She also critiques at women being the subject of romantic poetries and prose, she rejects these ideas and calls them a rational and intellectual being. For instance, "in Schiller's Dignity of Woman, beautiful as the poem is, there is no “grave and perfect man,” but only a great boy to be softened and restrained by the influence of girls” (Fuller 64). Moreover, she calls for a revolutionary change where men instead of noticing every woman’s move, invite them to work alongside them. The fundamental transformation of American society can only occur with the collective efforts of both the genders, men and women.

Transcendentalist philosophy was based on rational and intellectual grounds because it transcended from the cliched cultural, historical and social norms prevalent in 19th century America. It also invoked individualism as a practice to grow in society, however, Emerson in his essay, “Self-Reliance” has only talked about the individuality of men and on the other hand, Fuller has talked about the individuality of women in Transcendentalism. Likewise, she has also talked at length about feminism and fixed gender roles from cultural, social and religious perspectives. In “The Great Lawsuit”, she is emphasizing on the value of individual acceptance of both the genders. Therefore, in the light of above arguments, references and instances from both the essays, it is evident that "The Great Lawsuit", focuses on gender issues in a transcendentalist space more effectively as compared to Emerson's ideology in “Self-Reliance”.

Works Cited

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. ““Self-Reliance”.” Gottesman, Ronald, et al. The Norton anthology of American literature. WW Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 1980.

Fuller, Margaret. “The Great Lawsuit.” .” Gottesman, Ronald, et al. The Norton anthology of American literature. WW Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 1980.

Leverenz, David. "The politics of Emerson's man-making words." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (1986): 38-56.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Yy

Critical Essay

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

It happened so fast

Words are not sufficient to entail and depict what I am feeling in the waves of present time. I am trying my best not to recall how it happened, and then I inferred that I don’t even know how everything proceeded. It happened so fast.

Today, I have the utmost believe in "hope" because it is a lifeboat leaving behind the severity of outcomes, negating how harsh the results were. It is affirmative that, losing hope is similar to losing identity, because hope shapens existence. An exegetical analysis still stricks me with every passing second because I don’t have a staunch belief, either I'm relying on hope or not. Hope is a code to live, reflecting a new day and a new beginning, but it fades with the contagiousness of situation because it happened so fast.

Something I haven't got to experience during the past twenty years happened in a few slices of time. It was more like the peak of mesmerization and euphoria, for which words seem worthless. Much like lightning striking clouds, such appealing and attractive things shook the entire base of life because feelings are as fragile as petal void of rock harshness. I never found my self at the verge of such devastation, taking into account the tragic stance of present moment. There is no source to shed off blame because it happened so fast.

The proceeding was so swift that I could not trace its happening. I find my self leaning on to a false hope rather than losing it because hope beholds identity.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 2 Words: 600

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