Quiz 1

Quiz

William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying (80 words)

The passage uses positive modal shading because there are no uncertainties. It is easy for the reader to find who the narrator is referring to. The narrator is referring to Jewel and provides a clear picture of him. Positive modal shadings involve stories that are having a strong and assertive modal. The narrator is quite sure about what is happening in the surroundings as he manages to capture all aspects of his experiences. Positive modal shading is visible in the lines, “the cotton-house is of rough logs, from between which the thinking has long fallen". The psychological disposition reveals the character is undergoing stress due to his deprivations. The story is explained in first-person. The modality does not come from outside the story as it has a heterodiegetic narrator. Addie is the focal character.

(b) Flannery O’Connor, Everything That Rises Must Converge (80 words)

The passage makes use of positive modal shading because the narrator is certain about what is happening. The narrator provides clear and assertive details about the characters of Julian, doctor and the mother. The passage portrays a vivid picture of the slaveholding family by highlighting their everyday problems. Positive modal shading is visible in the text, “maybe I shouldn’t have paid for it”. The concerns of the woman about returning the hat reveal the financial problems of the family. The psychological disposition explains the woman is undergoing conflict. The story is narrated in first-person. The passage has heterodiegetic narrator. The central character is Julian.

(c) Murray Bail, The Voyage (80 words)

The passage makes use of positive modal shading because the narrator is certain about things. Positive modal shading is visible in the text, "Delange had chosen to return by the ship". The passage reveals the psychological disposition of the Delange who is concerned about selling his music. The story uses second-person. It has an external narrator that comes from the outside of story. Frank Delage is the central character of the story while the focus is on his consciousness.

d) Samuel Beckett, Malone Dies (80 words)

The passage makes use of negative modality. These stories exhibit uncertainty and doubt. They are lacking a clear point of assertion and are opposed to positive shading stories. The narrator exhibits chaos and negative modality is visible in the text, “unfortunately I do not know quite about what floor”. The psychological disposition depicts that the narrator is confused about the surroundings of the asylum or hospital. First-person is used in the passage. The modality does not come from outside the story as it has heterodiegetic narrator. The focal character is Malone.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bail, M. (2012). The Voyage . MacLehose Press.

Beckett, S. (1951). Malone Dies. Les Éditions de Minuit.

Faulkner, W. (2013).  As I Lay Dying . Penguin Random House.

O’Connor, F. (1962).  Everything That Rises Must Converge . Farrar, Straus and Giroux.