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The complex business structure had been a source of criminal activities since modern times. These business structures had been the forehand for the criminal activities which have caused unrest in different regions of the world. Thomas Wood and Ana Paula’s research about the Brazilian notorious corporate structure provides a practical example of how such complex business structures had been a source of corruption and venality. For example, in presenting an example of how such complex structure aids illicit activities worldwide, the authors present the example of Banco Santos. Some consider it a scam, however, some believe that Banco Santos had been an organized business model, which maintained sophistication, internal coherence and complexity to further the objective of furthering the financial criminal agenda ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CyduYdml","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Alcadipani and de Oliveira Medeiros 2019)","plainCitation":"(Alcadipani and de Oliveira Medeiros 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":109,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/75VCJSIR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/75VCJSIR"],"itemData":{"id":109,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Journal of Business Ethics","page":"1–13","source":"Google Scholar","title":"When Corporations Cause Harm: A Critical View of Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Corporate Crimes","title-short":"When Corporations Cause Harm","author":[{"family":"Alcadipani","given":"Rafael"},{"family":"Oliveira Medeiros","given":"Cíntia Rodrigues","non-dropping-particle":"de"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Alcadipani and de Oliveira Medeiros 2019). Such sophistication, as a result, provided them with the ability to maintain a pretext for fraudulent transactions. A similar pattern of complex behaviour was adopted by companies named Enron and Madoff.

These complex business structures facilitated the complex business structures by identifying a market niche, using aggressive commercial practices, building an organization’s image, managing a centralized model and employing fraudulent practices. More anonymity is added to these practices by using web address and mailing address of foreign countries. These aspects attached to the fraudulent measures involving business activities had been a source to transfer the mega amount of money to faraway countries. Another way of using business structures is analyzed by Lord (et. al), believes that since businesses bring reserves to countries, therefore, countries with weak financial reserves and investment requirement normally avoid investigating complex business structure ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"r19oCvQG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lord, Wingerde, and Campbell 2018)","plainCitation":"(Lord, Wingerde, and Campbell 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":108,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/4KSBDJPP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/4KSBDJPP"],"itemData":{"id":108,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Administrative Sciences","issue":"2","page":"17","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Organising the Monies of Corporate Financial Crimes via Organisational Structures: Ostensible Legitimacy, Effective Anonymity, and Third-Party Facilitation","title-short":"Organising the Monies of Corporate Financial Crimes via Organisational Structures","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Lord","given":"Nicholas"},{"family":"Wingerde","given":"Karin"},{"family":"Campbell","given":"Liz"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lord, Wingerde, and Campbell 2018). Facilitation in financial crimes is also done by the use of symbolic resources as well by employing different management techniques. Although companies are not directly linked to such activities, in many cases, they are been made part of such activities when there remains no option, other than to streamline the channel of business-related fraudulent activities.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Alcadipani, Rafael, and Cíntia Rodrigues de Oliveira Medeiros. 2019. “When Corporations Cause Harm: A Critical View of Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Corporate Crimes.” Journal of Business Ethics: 1–13.

Lord, Nicholas, Karin Wingerde, and Liz Campbell. 2018. “Organising the Monies of Corporate Financial Crimes via Organisational Structures: Ostensible Legitimacy, Effective Anonymity, and Third-Party Facilitation.” Administrative Sciences 8(2): 17.