Write About Some Of The Changes, Challenges, And Key Events That American Cities Went Through During These Three Different Periods (1870s-1890s, 1930s, And 1950s). Be Sure To Discuss Issues Of Race, Class, Changes In The Urban Economies, Protests, And Cul

Beverlyne Jean

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History and Anthropology

18 December 2019

During the second half of the nineteenth century, American cities experienced massive urbanization. There were certain factors that added to rapid development, but most certain of them was industrialization. This development also added to the differences between the social norms of people and tribes. Social segregation was becoming a dominant norm, as a specific class started claiming this development and the fruits attached to it. Many scholars of history believe that during the 1870s to 1890s, America was still fighting from the relics of civil war ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"EmaluT39","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Rushton)","plainCitation":"(Rushton)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":103,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/XGVVFPBU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/XGVVFPBU"],"itemData":{"id":103,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Poetics","page":"20–29","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Cultural districts and economic development in American cities","volume":"49","author":[{"family":"Rushton","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rushton). Rampant industrialization needed more men's power, with increased hours of duties, therefore workers were forced to work for continuously twenty-four hours. Those who owned factories wanted their workers to live close to the working place as well. Racial segregation during this period was low, but an increasing social class started threatening the social fabric of cities like New York, Philadelphia, Boston and St. Louis ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DjCix9Tg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Omi and Winant)","plainCitation":"(Omi and Winant)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":98,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/UA2YCCCK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/UA2YCCCK"],"itemData":{"id":98,"type":"book","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Racial formation in the United States","author":[{"family":"Omi","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Winant","given":"Howard"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Omi and Winant). This social segregation was the reason why people of such major cities started developing class structure. Those who were workers and laborers were not most parts of social events. Some also cite that increasing economies and convergence of resources in some hands force people from that time to avoid interacting with those who were indulged in work and labor shifts.

This however started changing from the start of the twentieth century. Resources stated scattering and income started more evenly distributed. The situation in the firsts two decades of the twentieth century however, was not much different, but during the 1930s, the differences became quite apparent. American cities started following a more common pattern of development and Americans became less racial since a few of them believed in social class structures. Some credit these changes to waves like feminism which brought much awareness ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"e7latMcJ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Stanback and Noyelle)","plainCitation":"(Stanback and Noyelle)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":101,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/BGH3F6NZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/BGH3F6NZ"],"itemData":{"id":101,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Economic transformation of American cities","author":[{"family":"Stanback","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Noyelle","given":"Thierry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1983"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Stanback and Noyelle). During the 1930s, however, the American economy struggled with challenges. The aftermaths of WWI and the start of WWII had quite apparently affected the American citizens as well. For such reasons, during the times of the 1930s, there was not much social unrest. Things started changing during the 1950s and the period following this decade. The end of WWII, and the rise of America as a powerful state, however, brought immense changes to the American economy and the social structure ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"5xiRWvpQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Stanback and Noyelle)","plainCitation":"(Stanback and Noyelle)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":101,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/BGH3F6NZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/BGH3F6NZ"],"itemData":{"id":101,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Economic transformation of American cities","author":[{"family":"Stanback","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Noyelle","given":"Thierry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1983"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Stanback and Noyelle). Racial segregation started declining, people became more aware of the social responsibilities and public participation in national causes rose overwhelmingly. The period of the 1950s was quite better in terms of economies, compared to the decade preceding this. Rushton believes that such even distribution of wealth, social opportunities and absence of domestic challenges provided Americans the opportunity to participate in nation-building ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3n1SmGjf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Rushton)","plainCitation":"(Rushton)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":103,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/XGVVFPBU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/XGVVFPBU"],"itemData":{"id":103,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Poetics","page":"20–29","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Cultural districts and economic development in American cities","volume":"49","author":[{"family":"Rushton","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rushton).

Works Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. Racial Formation in the United States. Routledge, 2014.

Rushton, Michael. “Cultural Districts and Economic Development in American Cities.” Poetics, vol. 49, 2015, pp. 20–29.

Stanback, Thomas, and Thierry Noyelle. “Economic Transformation of American Cities.” Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1983.