Chapter 12-16

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Chapter 12-16

Chapter 12

Morel was the employee of the Liverpool shipping line. The company often sent him to Belgium to supervise the loading and unloading of ships as he was fluent in theFrench language. In his trip to Africa, he noticed that African were got almost nothing in return of the export where he realized the presence of slave labor. He confronted his boss and then left for Brussels. Unlike other people who wrote about the Congo situation by explaining their own experience, Morel collected information through proper research and evidence. The company tried to keep him quiet about the report and information he had about the reality of Leopold but Morel did not quit and exposed the king in a systematic manner.

Morel work had a tremendous result. There were few people who dared to tell the true situation of the Congo. Morel started a movement against the Leopold regime. For instance, when the case was raised about the kidnapping of African women and spokesmen of Leopold denied it, Morel presented the printed form and highlighted the truth. Different articles, publications, books put Leopold regime into danger. In 1903 he successfully brought the "Congo Question "on the British public agenda. Leopold rules were exposed in front of the world.

Chapter 13

Casement was the witness to Congo brutality and Irish patriot. Casement made the report against the brutal act of King Leopold. He shared the incidence of the hand being cut, and the order of the king that only women should be killed not the man. The British government tried to keep him quiet to hide the reality of Congo. His report that published was edited in the manner that he got disappointed as the report was almost unable to reflect the actual image of the king. Later he became the friend of Morel, and both of them worked for the Congo. They presented the reports and articles against Leopold brutality.

Chapter 14

The movement that Morel coordinated through the Congo Reform Association applied a persistent, increasing pressure on the American, Belgian, and British governments. Morel continued to edit his West African Mail by spending sixteen to eighteen hours along with running the Congo Reform Association. With time, the Congo Reform Association's periodical supported the entire portrait picture of a prominent supporter on the front page. Morel through his association and personal work continued to raise his voice in favor of Congo people.

Morel was well aware with the fact that the spokespeople with the firsthand knowledge would be the most effective. Therefore, he got Reverend John Harris who was the missionary andreturned to Baptist in 1906 with his wife, Alice Seeley Harris. Both of them started working with the Morel's association. Both Harris and Alice individually and collectively attended various public ceremonies. They spread the message to the public on almost six hundred occasions. To shock the public or to gain their attention, they often described their personal experiences which helped the Morel's campaign to surge forward. Through Europe, Morel's message spread from Brussels to the capital of the Congo and then to the most remote outposts.

Chapter 15

The reports of the Holocaust developed by the E. D. Morel, Roger Casement, and their supporters. It caught the attention of Europe. The magazine and newspaper published contained the pictures of central Africa that were pictures of mutilated bodies and burned houses. It showed how missionaries witnessed the brutalityin the Congo. It raised the question regarding the death toll in the Congo of Leopold. The rubber boom was the reason behind the worst bloodshed in the country. The reports showed the evidence, data, and picture that no follower of Leopold could deny.

During the beginning of 1885, it was observed that many Congolese were dying an unnatural death. The reason behind the unnatural death was the Leopold regime. The exploitation of the people and the bloodshed during the rubber boom killed the number of Congolese. According to the American, Congolese died because of various diseases rather than the bullet. It was true in the sense that Leopold took hard work from them. Congolese were labored that did not get pay in money. Lack of sleep, money, and hard work for a longer hour became the cause of their death.

In 1901, half a million Congolese died. The reason behind this rapid death was sleeping sickness. The disease was caused by the parasite. A pink-striped tsetse fly was the parasite whose bite became the reason for sleeping sickness. The size of the fly was horsefly alike that had a high-pitched buzz. The sleeping became highly transmittable. The consequences of the disease were a strange craving for meat, high fever, sensitivity to cold, and swelling of the lymph glands. The immense lethargy was another cause which gave the name of the disease "sleeping sickness".

Chapter 16

Leopold used different faces to defend himself, Stanley was one of them. He showed his loyalty to the king and defended him at every possible occasion. Other than this, Leopold gave offers to different people including some journalist to say good words from him. However, reports produced by the More and Casement pressurized Leopold to take back a step and leave the power over the Congo. Even after all the failure and pressure, Leopold had another trick to use. He used the stroke of showmanship. Leopold was well aware of what the public wanted. He raised the donations and helped missionaries to build the church in the hope that these missionaries will defend him in the future.

The reason behind the trip of Morel to America was the movement against the Leopold. Morel spread his followers all around Britain. He appeared in different sights to expand his movement. He published a number of articles and worked for collecting the donations. He ordered to increase the number of pamphlets that could be spread throughout Britain. When Morel successfully spread the movement in Britain, he looked forward to America. To spread his message in America, and to make American aware of the Leopold brutality, Morel decided to take his movement into America as well.

When Leopold faced the trouble to defend himself in front of media, he tried to buy different media person. He offered them money and other advantages and took their help to develop his positive image in front of the world. However, Morel publication was based on high research and authentic evidence. American agent who was bought by the Leopold was announced as less reliable. In another word, in setting up Leopold American lobbying effort, he had made a rare and disastrous misstep and pressure on the king was increased.

Kowalsky, the loyal person of Leopold decided to establish the commission of inquiry. For the commission of inquiry, Kowalsky selected three judges that were Italian, Belgian, and Swiss. The commission was not neutral. They were in favor of Leopold. They tried to hide the evidence and experience recorded by the people especially Congo people. It set its hearing at different places and took several months to collect 370 depositions. On the return to Europe after visiting Congo, they made the report which comprised one hundred and fifty pages. Before the publication, media spread the reliability and credibility of the report but in reality, the report was not neutral and commissioner tried their best to save the king.