How Did Geography Affect The Development Of Ancient Civilizations

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How Geography Has Impacted the Development Ancient Civilization?

One of the directions in sociology, and, moreover, very widespread, was the so-called geographical direction. Representatives of this direction sought to explain social development by the properties of the geographical environment. The geographical direction has been especially widespread since the time of great geographical discoveries.

How geography has impacted the development of ancient Egyptian culture?

One of the most characteristic features of Ancient Egypt is its relative isolation, which enabled the country to live and develop in all the originality of its culture, without the great external political upheavals that had to be experienced continuously by Mesopotamia. Following the annual spill of the Nile in Egypt, a period of drought lasted more than six months, and the population had to learn very early to hold back the spill water for the development of agriculture , which became the basis of the whole economy of Egypt, depending on irrigation. (Algaze 32)

Along with agriculture, cattle breeding, both small and large, played a large role. Hunting, which in ancient times was, along with fishing, the main means of food for the population, was not completely abandoned at a later time. The concentration of human and material resources in the hands of the administration contributed to the creation and maintenance of a complex network of canals, the emergence of a regular army and the expansion of trade, and with the gradual development of mining, field geodesy and construction technologies made it possible to organize collective erection of monumental structures.

How did geography impact the development of early China and Russia?

Historical geography and cartography of Russian and Chinese civilizations. Russia and China: history and prospects of cooperation. Mapping Russian-Chinese international relations. The history of relations and cooperation of the peoples of the Amur region in the study of nature and society (late 17th century - until 1917). Development of monitoring and land management systems in Siberia and the Far East: philosophical and worldview, historical and cultural aspects of the 19th-21st centuries History and modernity of foreign economic relations between Russia and China (Bao, Shuming, et al.89).

Mapping of world and domestic cultural heritage. Cartographic monuments of national and world culture. Electronic atlas of the cultural and natural heritage of Russia and China. Historical and cultural tourist cartography of Russia and China. History of geography, cartography and regional studies of Russia and China. Russian-Chinese toponymic dictionary of the Far East. Russian-Chinese cartographic and geodetic terminology. Humanitarian resources of the regional development of Russia and China. Regional historical-political and cross-border cartography. Historical military cartography. Creation of a geoportal of historical geography and cartography of the Far East. Preparation for publication and publication of an atlas of old Russian and Chinese maps to the Far East from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century.

How geography impacted the development of ancient Indian culture?

The Indus culture flourished between 1900 and 2600 BC and affected a large area in the northwest of South Asia. It was one of the first major city-centric high-culture cultures in world history. The Indus people, or the Harapeans, traded with groups of people from far-flung areas. They developed systematic urban planning, advanced sewerage systems, grain storage technology, and a consistent measurement system.

The hot and volatile climates of the South Asian lowlands are extremely unfavorable for the survival of the ancient DNA. It is only now that the genome of people who have been discovered thousands of years ago have been properly researched despite the tough challenges.

According to most modern scholars, the oldest written monument of the Indo-Aryans “Rig Vedu” should be dated to the 11th-10th centuries. BC. The data of the Vedic texts allow us to trace in general terms the progress of the Indo-Aryan tribes to the east and their development of the regions of the Ganges valley. It was a long process that took several centuries. (Allchin, Frank, and George 27).

The population of the Vedic era knew many cereals, including barley, rice, wheat, and legumes. Rice farming emerged as a result of the widespread development of the Ganges Valley. According to Kong, rice was not known to the Indo-Aryans before they came to India and they borrowed the art of growing it from local tribes (Kong355). Vedic tribes lived in small fortified settlements, which, as shown by archaeological excavations, did not much resemble the large cities of the Harappan civilization. But gradually, cities emerge in the Ganges Valley.

Works cited

Algaze, Guillermo. Ancient Mesopotamia at the dawn of civilization: the evolution of an urban

landscape. University of Chicago Press, 2009.

Allchin, Frank Raymond, and George Erdosy. The archaeology of early historic South Asia: the

emergence of cities and states. Cambridge University Press, 1995.27

Bao, Shuming, et al. "Geographic factors and China's regional development under market

reforms, 1978–1998." China Economic Review 13.1 (2002): 89-111.

Kong, Lily. "Geography and religion: trends and prospects." Progress in human geography 14.3

(1990): 355-371.