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Final Exam
Pair ID# 1: Manifest Destiny and Compromise of 1850
History shows that Southern slaveholders wanted to increase the power of Congress by expanding new territories. On the other hand, Northern politicians wanted to limit slavery to certain slave states by confining their territory. On other hand, South wanted to support salves "Manifest Destiny" was used as a term for the first time in 1845 by a newspaper editor which described the mindset of the 19th century of American expansionists. Manifest was not a government policy nor a political philosophy. It was a conviction that expansion of American freedom and values would benefit those who were influenced by it. Compromise of 1850 was a package consisting of five September bills passed by Congress of the United States in September 1850. This package of bills resolved the conflict between South and North, by defusing a political confrontation between free and slave states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican War. Compromise of 1850 played a significant role in give and take game between north and south when they were not happy with what they got. It was believed that America was destined to expand by God in which North America was destined to spread its special virtues of American people. Institutes of North America along with the spread of its democratic values were also destined (Woods et al, pp. 438-456). It is the Compromise of 1850 that allowed the United States for accepting California so that America could expand its territory. California was enriched with natural resources such as gold and agricultural things that would make the country economically rich. So, in order to know the attitude of South and North America towards slavery and expansion both the concepts helped people. Given two terms are interrelated as one points towards divine idea of expansion and others reflect upon comprise of states regarding the separation in the form of bills passed.
Pair ID# 2: Cotton and the industrial revolution
The terms cotton and industrial revolution go hand in hand. It could be seen that cotton was the main raw material of the industrial revolution. Strong fibers of cotton, suited to hard mechanical treatment were spanned in machinery. The industrial revolution started with cotton production in and around Manchester. During the revolution, cotton was import from the slave plantations only. It were the slaves who provided the cotton raw material for the industrial revolution and they contributed the most for the economic growth. The foundation of the industry was laid on the slave labor. They provided the central raw material for the founding the base of the industrial revolution. In the 16th century, cotton was first imported to England and with this import industrial revolution started (Koetsier et al, pp. 177-207). Though initially linen and yarn were also imported with cotton, but in the 1750 industrial revolution was marked by the pure cotton cloth production in Britain. So it won’t be wrong to say that with cotton, industrial revolution started and that was supported by the slave labors. In 1774, demand for cotton boomed and cause people to invest in improving the production of cotton and related products. In 1833 Britain revolutionized world industries by producing a huge amount of cotton. Cotton production revolutionized inventors, finance organizations, and industries. All these areas changed under the influence of cotton raw material that paved the way for the industrial revolution.
Essay: what caused the Civil War?
Introduction
American history is full of events and one of the most prominent events is the Civil War. Civil war resulted due to many causes. Period of the Civil war was the most depressing in American history. It leads towards many social and political changes and halted centuries of slavery in the country. Though America was already ripped up and torn up because of the negative fad in race relations Civil war shook political and social structure. This war started with the conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery but in-depth analysis shows that the Civil war started because of the economic difference that existed between south and north. According to historians and experts, a large number of causes are there due to which the Civil war started in America. The Civil war was the result of many conflicts and it would be right to say no single issue directly led to the war. Slavery is believed to be the root cause of division but in fact, other reasons contributed to the split of the union. Though slavery was the main point of contention but conflict of states' rights were one of its causes. Generally, it is asserted that causes of slavery include pressing the issues, slavery in society as well as the economy, conflict of rights and slave and non-slave states, etc.
Discussion
The American Civil War of 1861-1865 is referred as a fight between Union (northern and southern states). A clear conflict was there in the mindset of southern and northern people, as the south believed in the rights of states so that they could set their laws, whereas the northern believed in the unity of strong federal government over the state it rules. A great socially difference was also there between north and south territory. North was based on the new social set up such as cities and industrial life. On the other hand, in South America, life was more close to nature as agriculture and rural life were more prominent there. Another major cause of the Civil war is there came a change in people's way of thinking. They started having individual opinions and conflict between the southern and northern mindset that inculcated in them a sense of insecurity for due to which they wanted to empower them (Miller et al, pp. 141-143). Slavery is another major cause that led the Civil war that divided people who ruled and who were ruled by others. Not only people but also the states were labeled with the title "slave state and non-slave state". It was the southern people who realized the importance of slaves but the northern people never realized how slaves could help them in making their territory strong socially and economically as they were inconsiderate about the Southern farmers. Unfair compromises were created and inculcated feelings of hatred and enmity in people from both sides.
Slavery was inconsistent with ideals incorporated in the Constitution but allowed the founding father to the perverse union at any cost. Slavery was not a new issue but was there for years. American government failed to solve it and constant propagation led towards freedom and liberty. The unrest of the slaves and how they were treated incorporated feelings of insecurity. Slavery was the primary cause and this hatred between the whites and blacks was intensified when America gained freedom from Great Britain. Revolutionaries did not pay much attention to the slave that spark animosity towards the Confederation and whites. Over the issue of federal power, states fought for prohibiting and encouraging slavery (Allen et al, pp. 675-677). History shows that slavery played central role in the Civil war as Southern political leaders’ resistance against the attempts of Northern antislavery political forces to block the expansion of slavery in western lands. The majority of slavery during the time, in the northern areas, was illegal. North never considered slaves as equal and did not bother to think of slaves living in the north. The situation was opposite in the south as it used its workforce of slavery for supporting its economy. Efforts were made to raise the chattel slavery and discouraged the idea of selling and purchasing slaves as property but people in the north did not support this idea. Culture abolitionists in the Union and on the other hand, the desire of supporting slaves created a conflict between both sides that ultimately escalated.
Conclusion
So, taking a look at the above discussion, it could be asserted that the Civil war resulted because of various causes and not only a single cause could be blamed for this historic event. Inequality of rights claimed by states and social as well as economic differences led to the conflict which changed into Civil war when disputes were not settled. It has been observed that despite taking steps to settle the issues between south and north territories, pressing the issues exploded and caused great damage to American. Change of mindset was also a cause of conflict as slavery was ending on the southern side and support was given to slave as they were the backbone of economy and farming in the south. In the north, freedom of slaves was opposed as industrial and city life dominated that land. So as a whole, it could be concluded that though there are various causes of Civil war one of the most prominent was the slavery and conflict between the south and north regarding slavery.
References
Allen, Austin. "Melissa Milewski. Litigating Across the Color Line: Civil Cases between Black and White Southerners from the End of Slavery to Civil Rights; Kimberly M. Welch. Black Litigants in the Antebellum American South." (2019): 675-677.
Koetsier, Teun. "The first wave of the industrial revolution: Cotton textiles and pig iron." The Ascent of GIM, the Global Intelligent Machine. Springer, Cham, 2019. 177-207.
Miller, Richard F. "Boston and the Civil War: Hub of the Second American Revolution." Historical Journal of Massachusetts 47.2 (2019): 141-143.
Woods, Michael E. "The Compromise of 1850 and the Search for a Usable Past." The Journal of the Civil War Era 9.3 (2019): 438-456.
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