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Healthcare and Nursing

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Healthcare and Nursing

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Question 3:

Using the Haddon Matrix to analyze the risks for the scenario of a young female driver facing injuries, after a drunk driving scene highlights some of the most important points. In the pre-crash scenario, the human factors involved included the point of excess consumption of alcohol, driving under the influence of alcohol and not fastening the seat belt. The vehicle and equipment factor for the pre-crash scenario is that the female driver was driving an older model compact vehicle. The environmental factors involved in the pre-crash scenario is the road did not have proper lighting and it was dry as well.

The human factors involved in the crash scenario according to Haddon matrix include the point that due to being under the influence of alcohol and not wearing the seat belt, the female driver was not able to manage a road curve properly and became the victim of an accident. The vehicle and equipment factor in the crash scenario is that due to being an old model, the brake pads of the vehicle were broken and were not able to provide enough support that the female driver could take the round curve soundly, due to which she became the victim of the accident. The environmental factor in the crash scene is that the light on the road was not enough that the female driver could judge the distance of the curve and manage her speed accordingly (Runyan, 2015).

The human factor in the post-crash scenario is that she did not get the timely first aid, as she was discovered shortly after the accident, due to which she remained in a coma. The vehicle and equipment factor in the post-crash scenario is that due to being the old model, the vehicle did not have the airbags which could have minimized the injuries of the victim. The environmental factor in the post-crash scenario is that the due to the unfavorable circumstances of lighting and dry road, the first aid could not reach to the driver on time, which increased her suffering and resulted in her comatose state (Goniewicz, Goniewicz, Pawłowski, & Fiedor, 2016).

Question 5:

The case study of Susan and her nine-year-old daughter Lisa highlights that the mother and daughter are exposed to the features of the social, economic and physical environment which create the health risk to them. This paper will explore the social, economic and physical environment features leading to health risk.

One of the most important features of health risk to Susan and her daughter is the social environment. One of the most important point in this regard is that Susan is a single parent and does not have the support of her husband, in order to provide better living opportunities to her daughter. Ironically, her husband was abusive, so it was quite important to distance him from Lisa so that he does not cause any harm to her. After separation, Susan has not received the compensation for the expenses of her daughter, from her father, which means she is on her own to bring her up. Susan's family has also cut off ties with her, as they opposed her decision of leaving her husband so she is at risk for not having the social support of her family. Moreover, her new neighbors also slammed the door on her face, so she cannot a treaty on them in any kind of situation, due to which she is practically alone and all of these scenarios can give rise to the health risks of depression, stress and anxiety (Baum, 2016).

Another important feature of health risk to Susan and Lisa is the economic environment. Due to having to fulfill the responsibility of her daughter, Susan is working for two cleaning companies. She does not earn enough to meet the needs of her daughter and her own as well. She is also not educated enough to get some good employment and she does not have enough time and energy to study again to improve her educational status and look for better-paying jobs. The lack of economic facilities can cause a number of health issues and the most important out of them are stress and depression which can be accompanied by physical health issues as well. Moreover, due to poor income, Lisa cannot get the bicycle, or join the netball after the school, which can lead to poor confidence and anti-social behavior in her. Another important issue in this regard is that Susan does not have enough energy to cook something after her work hours, so she buys food for the two of them from an inexpensive takeaway, which can also give rise to physical health issues like indigestion and food poisoning etc. (de Andrade, Pellegrini Filho, Solar, Rígoli, de Salazar, Serrate, & Atun, 2015).

Another important feature of health risk to Susan and Lisa is the physical environment. The mother and daughter are living in an industrial area, which is right next to a busy highway. Due to the pollution of the industries, the atmosphere, as well as fresh air of the area is quite polluted. It has already started hosing its impact on the health of both Susan and Lisa, as Susan has developed frequent headaches and Lisa has developed asthma (Hood, Gennuso, Swain, & Catlin, 2016). The mother and daughter are exposed to the great health risk of developing influenza, measles, whooping cough and lung cancer due to inhaling the polluted air. All of these circumstances shed light on the fact that the mother and daughter are exposed to a number of health risks due to their social, economic and physical environment features.

References

Baum, F. (2016). The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press.

de Andrade, L. O. M., Pellegrini Filho, A., Solar, O., Rígoli, F., de Salazar, L. M., Serrate, P. C. F., ... & Atun, R. (2015). Social determinants of health, universal health coverage, and sustainable development: case studies from Latin American countries. The Lancet, 385(9975), 1343-1351.

Goniewicz, K., Goniewicz, M., Pawłowski, W., & Fiedor, P. (2016). Road accident rates: strategies and programmes for improving road traffic safety. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery, 42(4), 433-438.

Hood, C. M., Gennuso, K. P., Swain, G. R., & Catlin, B. B. (2016). County health rankings: relationships between determinant factors and health outcomes. American journal of preventive medicine, 50(2), 129-135.

Runyan, C. W. (2015). Using the Haddon matrix: introducing the third dimension. Injury prevention, 21(2), 126-130.