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Community Health
Name
Institution
Community Health
Description of Disease
The contagious disease that is discussed to get across borders is HIV/AIDS whose first case was reported in 1959 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the disease has spread through the countries in the world. Some of the countries that are involved in the spread of HIV/AIDS are Thailand, India, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Bhutan. The outbreak of HIV/AIDS was first discovered in late 1980, and it spread through to the end of 2000 in which it was reported that five point six million individuals were living with HIV/AIDS. The spread of the disease is highly associated with the mobility and migration of the individuals (World Health Organization, 2001). In Thailand, the disease was discovered to have spread in 1984, and in other countries, the condition continued to spread depending on migration and mobility of the individuals from one state to the other. In due years, the prevalence of the illness has been discovered in many countries in the world, and hence it has been considered as a global epidemic.
Epidemiological determinants and Risk Factors
The epidemiological determinants of HIV/AID are the mobility and migration of the populations in the world. The change of the world’s economy has resulted in the increment of mobility and migration of individuals and hence the prevalence of the disease. According to statistics taken World Health Organization, the numbers estimated to living with HIV/AIDS have tripled. Some of the determinants that have been identified to increase prevalence cases of HIV/ AIDS include injection through using drugs, prison mates, and sex workers (David, 2019). Also, men having sex with men, migration and testing policies have been identified as the epidemiological determinants of HIV/AIDS. These determinants were based on the information from the data collected through the United Nations report. One of the risk factors that are associated with HIV/AIDS is having unprotected sex and having sexual intercourse with multiple partners which put the individuals under high risk of contracting the disease.
Transmission Route
The transmission route of the HIV/AIDS includes fluids of the body such as semen, blood, vaginal and breast milk. The fluids make contact with the damaged tissue or mucous membrane which acts as the route to the transfer of the virus. Records show in the United States, the main route of transmission of the illness is through sexual intercourse through the sexual fluids. Another transmission route is through the sharing of syringes or needles that have been used by an infected person (David, 2019). Receiving blood transfusion is also considered as a route for transmission of the disease but through rigorous blood testing these cases is rare. Damaged skin, skin and deep kissing can also result in the transmission of HIV/AIDS.
Impacts of HIV/AIDS to the Community
The outbreak of the HIV/AIDS disease has adverse impacts on the community systems. For the local government, the outbreak will result in the spending of government resources to help in curbing the adverse effects. The explosion increases the number of patients who use the healthcare facilities and therefore affecting the operations of the government. Once the outbreak of HIV/AIDS occurs in the community, most of the businesses are changed since the population, and the government focuses on curbing the effects and hence affecting the operations of the companies in the community. The outbreak of the disease results in congestion of patients in the healthcare centers and therefore resulting in deliverance of reduced services to the patients. The education system is also affected by the outbreak of the disease since victims of the disease end up dropping out of school and in turn, the economy of the community is negatively affected.
Reporting of the Outbreak
The management of community health is the platform that is used in the community to report the outbreaks of the HIV/AIDS infectious disease. The reporting of the outbreak is reported to the healthcare stakeholders in the country. The reporting protocol involves the collection of data of the victims affected by the disease (Communicable Diseases, n.d). The data collected is then gathered at the provincial levels and after this step and aggregation is conducted and the final procedure of the protocol involves making a report to a national health authority who take the steps needed to solve the problem.
Prevention Strategies
HIV/ AIDS can be prevented through the application of strategies that involve the community since the community is the one that is profoundly affected by the outbreak. One of the strategies that can be utilized community education strategy in which the involved stakeholders work for hand in hand community. The community is educated on the transmission of the HIV/AIDS such as unprotected sex, breastfeeding and sharing objects (Avert, 2017). Educating the community will ensure that the community will avoid the transmission routes by abstaining from sex or making sure that sex is protected. Once the community is educated, they educate each other, and hence the approach becomes effective to curb the outbreak.
Education of the patients is another strategy that can be used by the stakeholders to solve the problem of out outbreak of HIV/AIDS. In some cases, some of the victims of the illness become vulnerable, and they increase the prevalence of the disease through spreading to others (Avert, 2017). In this case, the patients are educated on the importance of protecting themselves and others in society through using precaution. This approach has been proved to be effective in reducing the cases of HIV/AIDS in the country and the community. The implantation of these strategies involves the healthcare stakeholders and the community to work together for better results in improving the health status of the community.
References
Avert, (2017). HIV Prevention Programmes Overview. Retrieved from: https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-programming/prevention/overview
Communicable Diseases, (n.d). Reporting of Communicable Diseases. Retrieved from: https://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/bioter/anthapha_reporting_a.html
David Spach, (2019). Epidemiology of HIV. Retrieved from: https://www.hiv.uw.edu/go/screening-diagnosis/epidemiology/core-concept/all
World Health Organization. (2001). Cross-border initiatives on HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria and kala-azar: report of an intercountry meeting, Kathmandu, 6-9 March 2001 (No. SEA-CD-123). WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia.
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