Sampling Methodologies

Data collection tools

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Data collection tools

Data Collection Tools or Instruments

Description of Data Collection Tools or Instruments

Questionnaire Method

One of the most effective tools is the questionnaire method for data collection. This is an arrangement of questions on a paper having suitable space available for the participants to answer. This tool is more effective when researcher need to collect data for small research, very specific and accurate answers required for research for a large population-based study ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1c26jpucse","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Methods Map: Purposive sampling: SAGE Research Methods,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Methods Map: Purposive sampling: SAGE Research Methods,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/UGHV9ICP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/UGHV9ICP"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"webpage","title":"Methods Map: Purposive sampling: SAGE Research Methods","URL":"https://methods.sagepub.com/methods-map/purposive-sampling","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Methods Map: Purposive sampling: SAGE Research Methods,” n.d.).

Interviews

This tool is used to collect data for the researches in which the researcher wants to have direct interaction with the participants. Interviews can also be done using telephones, video calls, or conference calls. Interviews may be in the form of structured, semi-structured, or unstructured based on formal, semi-formal, or informal type questions ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ad297iab94","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lefever, Dal, & Matthiasdottir, 2007)","plainCitation":"(Lefever, Dal, & Matthiasdottir, 2007)"},"citationItems":[{"id":166,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/3BPMD7UM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/3BPMD7UM"],"itemData":{"id":166,"type":"article-journal","title":"Online data collection in academic research: advantages and limitations","container-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology","page":"574-582","volume":"38","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Lefever","given":"Samuel"},{"family":"Dal","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Matthiasdottir","given":"Asrun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lefever, Dal, & Matthiasdottir, 2007). This is the best tool for a better understanding of the interviewee.

Focus Group

A way of data collection by utilizing 10-18 members to engage in a discussion ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"amemg0c78d","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bretschneider, Cirilli, Jones, Lynch, & Wilson, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Bretschneider, Cirilli, Jones, Lynch, & Wilson, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":164,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/2M6BCED8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/2M6BCED8"],"itemData":{"id":164,"type":"book","title":"Document review as a qualitative research data collection method for teacher research","publisher":"SAGE Publications Ltd","ISBN":"1-4739-5743-5","author":[{"family":"Bretschneider","given":"Pamela J."},{"family":"Cirilli","given":"Stefanie"},{"family":"Jones","given":"Tracey"},{"family":"Lynch","given":"Shannon"},{"family":"Wilson","given":"Natalie Ann"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bretschneider, Cirilli, Jones, Lynch, & Wilson, 2017). Participants can discuss with one another, and it stimulates a discussion on a specific topic with the help of a facilitator. This is a well-organized way of data collection, and various questions would be answered.

Observation Method

This is a tool used in research studies and is more effective in the collection of data related to everyday life. Participants would be observed for their behaviors. It includes viewing and recording the performance of persons or individuals, or the actions that happen in a specific (Draugalis, Coons, & Plaza, 2008). This is a good tool for the collection of data for the behavior’s researchers want to observe.

Document Analysis

From the literature review, document review, and diaries, to collect data is another important data collection tool ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aeppggjsd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Draugalis, Coons, & Plaza, 2008)","plainCitation":"(Draugalis, Coons, & Plaza, 2008)"},"citationItems":[{"id":165,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/QWPYGG54"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/QWPYGG54"],"itemData":{"id":165,"type":"article-journal","title":"Best practices for survey research reports: a synopsis for authors and reviewers","container-title":"American journal of pharmaceutical education","page":"11","volume":"72","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Draugalis","given":"JoLaine Reierson"},{"family":"Coons","given":"Stephen Joel"},{"family":"Plaza","given":"Cecilia M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Draugalis, Coons, & Plaza, 2008). This tool is best suitable for the researches that need a large amount of views and information for the research. Reliable sources and public researches are usually available to collect data for the research of interest ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a23u7j7qliv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bretschneider et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Bretschneider et al., 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":164,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/2M6BCED8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/2M6BCED8"],"itemData":{"id":164,"type":"book","title":"Document review as a qualitative research data collection method for teacher research","publisher":"SAGE Publications Ltd","ISBN":"1-4739-5743-5","author":[{"family":"Bretschneider","given":"Pamela J."},{"family":"Cirilli","given":"Stefanie"},{"family":"Jones","given":"Tracey"},{"family":"Lynch","given":"Shannon"},{"family":"Wilson","given":"Natalie Ann"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bretschneider et al., 2017).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bretschneider, P. J., Cirilli, S., Jones, T., Lynch, S., & Wilson, N. A. (2017). Document review as a qualitative research data collection method for teacher research. SAGE Publications Ltd.

Draugalis, J. R., Coons, S. J., & Plaza, C. M. (2008). Best practices for survey research reports: a synopsis for authors and reviewers. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72(1), 11.

Lefever, S., Dal, M., & Matthiasdottir, A. (2007). Online data collection in academic research: advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), 574–582.

Methods Map: Purposive sampling: SAGE Research Methods. (n.d.). Retrieved October 5, 2019, from https://methods.sagepub.com/methods-map/purposive-sampling