Public Health Nursing
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of the Institution]
Public Health Nursing
As a public health nurse, it is an opportunity for me to assess, interview and help the people at free clinic who cannot afford the cost of healthcare. A case came to me where a woman came to me from a poor background for discussing her health matters ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"PspMOYjn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mak, Loke, & Wong, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Mak, Loke, & Wong, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":655,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/UXGYIJNP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/UXGYIJNP"],"itemData":{"id":655,"type":"article-journal","title":"Nursing Intervention Practices for Smoking Cessation: A Large Survey in Hong Kong","container-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":"15","issue":"5","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"Previous studies have shown that nursing interventions are effective in helping people to stop smoking, but that the participation of nurses in tobacco control activities has been far from satisfactory. The primary objective of this study is to identify factors that encourage or discourage nurses from participating in providing smoking-cessation interventions to their clients, based on the 5 A’s (ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) framework. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4413 nurses in Hong Kong from different clinical specialties. A logistics regression analysis found that predictors for the practicing of all of the 5 A’s are nurses who want to receive training in smoking-cessation interventions, those who have received such training, and those who are primarily working in a medical unit or in ambulatory/outpatient settings. The regression model also showed that attitude towards smoking cessation was positively associated with all of the 5 A’s. The results indicate a need to encourage and provide nurses with opportunities to receive training on smoking-cessation interventions. Strategies to persuade nurses to provide smoking-cessation interventions are also important, since nurses are motivated to perform smoking-cessation interventions when they feel a stronger sense of mission to control tobacco use.","URL":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5982085/","DOI":"10.3390/ijerph15051046","ISSN":"1661-7827","note":"PMID: 29789484\nPMCID: PMC5982085","shortTitle":"Nursing Intervention Practices for Smoking Cessation","journalAbbreviation":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","author":[{"family":"Mak","given":"Yim Wah"},{"family":"Loke","given":"Alice Yuen"},{"family":"Wong","given":"Frances K. Y."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",5]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,17]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mak, Loke, & Wong, 2018). Client information is crucial for assessment because it helps nurses to select the preventions or medication that they can afford or clinic can provide them. From the information provided by the patient data was collected which includes;
The age of the patient who was twenty-one year old.
She rummages through trash for her livelihood.
She wants to make life better.
This was the data to study her background. In addition, the data regarding her health are as follows;
She takes one meal a day.
She smokes two packs of cigarette a day.
She uses street drug whenever to get able to pay for it.
She understands that her lifestyle is not fine.
She is depressed.
Besides the information that the patient provided on her own, there are other information that can be collected in the interview for better assessment. For instance,
Do you acquire any skill that you are passionate about and can use to earn money?
How much your health matters to you?
Can you quit smoking? Rate this challenge out of 10.
Do you know drugs consequences? Do you want to quit it?
While interviewing the client I should ask myself certain question therefore better planning can be created to assist the client. For instance;
Have I got enough information to assist her?
What preventions should I use to make her life better?
Which approach will be best to motivate her for behavior change?
How much is she willing to quit smoking and drugs?
After getting an interview and her details planning is needed to assist her. I can assist her through motivational interviewing- approaching behavior change ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4K5whEvG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(D\\uc0\\u8217{}Amico et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(D’Amico et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":658,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/F5FQ55KB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/F5FQ55KB"],"itemData":{"id":658,"type":"article-journal","title":"Brief motivational interviewing intervention to reduce alcohol and marijuana use for at-risk adolescents in primary care","container-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology","page":"775-786","volume":"86","issue":"9","source":"APA PsycNET","abstract":"Objective: The primary care (PC) setting provides a unique opportunity to address adolescent alcohol and other drug (AOD) use. Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 4 PC clinics from April 2013 to November 2015 to determine whether a 15-min brief motivational interviewing (MI) AOD intervention, delivered in PC, reduced alcohol and marijuana use and consequences. Adolescents ages 12–18 who came for an appointment during the 2.5-year study period were asked to be in the study and screened using the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Screening Guide. Those identified as at risk were randomized to the CHAT intervention or usual care (UC). Adolescents completed 4 web-based surveys at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months postbaseline. Results: The sample (n = 294) was 58% female and 66% Hispanic, 17% Black, 12% White, 5% multiethnic or other, with an average age of 16 years. Compared to UC adolescents, CHAT adolescents reported significantly less perceived peer use of alcohol and marijuana at 3 months (alcohol: p < .0001; marijuana p = .01) and 6 months (alcohol: p = .04; marijuana p = .04). CHAT adolescents also reported marginally fewer negative alcohol consequences experienced at 6 months (p = .08). At 12 months, compared to UC, CHAT adolescents reported less perceived peer alcohol (p = .04) and marijuana (p < .01) use and fewer negative consequences from alcohol (p = .03) and marijuana (p = .04) use. Conclusions: A brief MI intervention delivered in PC reduced negative consequences from alcohol and marijuana use 1 year later. Findings emphasize that adolescents can benefit from PC interventions that briefly and effectively address both alcohol and marijuana use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","DOI":"10.1037/ccp0000332","ISSN":"1939-2117(Electronic),0022-006X(Print)","author":[{"family":"D'Amico","given":"Elizabeth J."},{"family":"Parast","given":"Layla"},{"family":"Shadel","given":"William G."},{"family":"Meredith","given":"Lisa S."},{"family":"Seelam","given":"Rachana"},{"family":"Stein","given":"Bradley D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (D’Amico et al., 2018). This is because the client is not suffering from a disease which requires immediate medication. Instead, there is a need to change the life pattern or behavior change. For the purpose, I can help her identify the behavior by explaining the normal behavior that she can acquire as compared to what she is up to. Second is the identification of the problem that is smoking and drugs. She understands that her life is a mess. It means she is not an extreme of drugs addict and can quit it with some help. The third step is the desiring a change by motivating her to make life better through the knowledge or skills that she have. Therefore, I will make her confident about a change that she can bring in her life. Last, I will guide her some healthy exercise to quit smoking and drugs and encourage her to come for a regular checkup for better health. Other than this, I will provide her a proper diet plan to follow.
Smoking and drugs are the habits patient quit rapidly with the desire of the patient for quitting it. Therefore, the best strategy that I can give as a nurse is to explain to her about the harmful impact of smoking and drugs in detail and then the benefits of quitting it. At the end I can help her further along by the four stages of quitting that are; Pre-contemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance. The four-stage strategy is most effective according to me because the client is too poor to participate in a formal program for the causes and evidence shows that 90% of former smokers can quit smoking on their own ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"10a0EzlX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bonamigo, Brutti, Capelletti, Duquia, & Keiserman, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Bonamigo, Brutti, Capelletti, Duquia, & Keiserman, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":660,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/QNAGCSN5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/QNAGCSN5"],"itemData":{"id":660,"type":"chapter","title":"Smoking, Alcoholism, and Use of Illicit Drugs","container-title":"Dermatology in Public Health Environments: A Comprehensive Textbook","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","page":"809-822","source":"Springer Link","event-place":"Cham","abstract":"Tobacco smoking, one of the main modifiable risk factors for mortality, is associated with cutaneous neoplasias and cutaneous aging, besides worsening of the postsurgical scarring process. It is also involved with the pathogenesis and the worsening of some dermatoses, such as Buerger’s disease, lupus, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Alcoholism is a chronic, progressive, and lethal disease that leads to multiple organ dysfunction and skin manifestations associated with endocrinologic changes, with nutritional deficiencies and signs of hepatopathy. Alcoholism is associated with the triggering or worsening of dermatoses, such as psoriasis, porphyria, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, urticaria, contact dermatitis, and eczema. Advice to patients on quitting smoking and drinking should be part of the routine general directions about general health and the skin health. Cocaine, one of the world’s oldest drugs, causes euphoria accompanied by serious side effects including cardiac disorders, skin necrosis, and nasal septum perforation, among others. This chapter discusses the main manifestations of tobacco smoking, alcoholism, and drug addiction (particularly cocaine use, also when mixed with adjuvant drugs such as levamisole).","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33919-1_39","ISBN":"978-3-319-33919-1","note":"DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33919-1_39","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Bonamigo","given":"Renan Rangel"},{"family":"Brutti","given":"Catiussa"},{"family":"Capelletti","given":"Taciana"},{"family":"Duquia","given":"Rodrigo Pereira"},{"family":"Keiserman","given":"Mauro W."}],"editor":[{"family":"Bonamigo","given":"Renan Rangel"},{"family":"Dornelles","given":"Sergio Ivan Torres"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,17]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bonamigo, Brutti, Capelletti, Duquia, & Keiserman, 2018). Therefore, as a nurse, it is my responsibility to guide the client and provide her best guidance to acquire a healthy life. In a nutshell potential strategy for the client would be balance diet, education or guidance, motivation and support.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bonamigo, R. R., Brutti, C., Capelletti, T., Duquia, R. P., & Keiserman, M. W. (2018). Smoking, Alcoholism, and Use of Illicit Drugs. In R. R. Bonamigo & S. I. T. Dornelles (Eds.), Dermatology in Public Health Environments: A Comprehensive Textbook (pp. 809–822). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33919-1_39
D’Amico, E. J., Parast, L., Shadel, W. G., Meredith, L. S., Seelam, R., & Stein, B. D. (2018). Brief motivational interviewing intervention to reduce alcohol and marijuana use for at-risk adolescents in primary care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(9), 775–786. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000332
Mak, Y. W., Loke, A. Y., & Wong, F. K. Y. (2018). Nursing Intervention Practices for Smoking Cessation: A Large Survey in Hong Kong. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051046
