Policy Problems
Benedicta
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
Author Note
Policy Problems
Response 1
Preventable diseases, the opioid crisis, human trafficking, and extreme poverty are some major social issues that need to be shaped to improve the socio-economic status of people. Along with these, the lack of suitable low-income accommodation is another major social concern for the communities. To improve the socio-economic status of people, healthcare providers and nurses must take part in policymaking. Nurses are the first respondents in healthcare facilities therefore, they would know how to shape healthcare policies. Some other related policy issues are global women's issues, cyber issues, and health problems ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a26qnnevubm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"itemData":{"id":1161,"type":"article-journal","title":"Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work","container-title":"Policy and Society","page":"365-384","volume":"36","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Hoornbeek","given":"John A."},{"family":"Peters","given":"B. Guy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). The United States has to respond to health problems to reduce the burden of infectious diseases on communities. The legislators have presented policies related to the control of infectious diseases in collaboration with basic health units, and the United States is leading internationally ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"at6o62ltel","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Global Health - United States Department of State}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Global Health - United States Department of State, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1157,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YNMHFUWN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YNMHFUWN"],"itemData":{"id":1157,"type":"webpage","title":"Global Health - United States Department of State","URL":"https://www.state.gov/policy-issues/global-health/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Global Health - United States Department of State, n.d.). To detect, react, and respond to threats of infectious diseases, is the way to reduce the burden of the diseases.
Response 2
To control infectious diseases within communities is essential to improve the health of people. Saving and protecting lives is the priority of healthcare providers. These policies are specifically designed to improve the health conditions of people. Infectious diseases such as Zika, Ebola, influenza, malaria, and HIV/AIDS are some major health diseases that are increasing significantly ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"at6o62ltel","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}Global Health - United States Department of State}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(Global Health - United States Department of State, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1157,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YNMHFUWN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YNMHFUWN"],"itemData":{"id":1157,"type":"webpage","title":"Global Health - United States Department of State","URL":"https://www.state.gov/policy-issues/global-health/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Global Health - United States Department of State, n.d.). To control the burden of infectious diseases, the health status of communities needs to be improved cost-effectively and most economically. Sustainable health systems and effective healthcare facilities can significantly help to reduce the burden of infectious diseases ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"tA906E7G","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"itemData":{"id":1161,"type":"article-journal","title":"Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work","container-title":"Policy and Society","page":"365-384","volume":"36","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Hoornbeek","given":"John A."},{"family":"Peters","given":"B. Guy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). To strengthen the policy, it is important to improve the conditions of basic health units and primary healthcare centers. Primary healthcare centers can effectively help in the prevention of infectious diseases ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"OpOrrsv6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"itemData":{"id":1161,"type":"article-journal","title":"Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work","container-title":"Policy and Society","page":"365-384","volume":"36","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Hoornbeek","given":"John A."},{"family":"Peters","given":"B. Guy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). Therefore, I would preferably choose to improve primary healthcare centers and basic health units to ameliorate the health conditions of communities.
Response 3
To address the challenges of the health care systems, healthcare providers need to make profound changes in the health systems. For example, skilled professionals working for the common cause, mutual vision and meeting the patient’s need to improve the healthcare systems. As a healthcare professional, I would collaborate with the team members to effectively reduce the burden of infectious diseases from communities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"j1zIpsEE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"itemData":{"id":1161,"type":"article-journal","title":"Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work","container-title":"Policy and Society","page":"365-384","volume":"36","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Hoornbeek","given":"John A."},{"family":"Peters","given":"B. Guy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). As a healthcare professional, employment of evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and interdisciplinary approaches would be highly recommended to improve the healthcare system. The utilization of informatics and advanced technology such as electronic patient record should also be incorporated in the healthcare facilities to improve the socio-economic conditions of patients. As a healthcare consumer, I need to train and educate myself regarding health education. To respect healthcare providers and their policies would be my priority as a healthcare consumer. Follow-up and administration of medicine on time would be my responsibility. To reduce disease burden, I would promote health education as a healthcare consumer.
Response 4
Factually, international deliberation has concentrated on the transmission and management of severe infections of endemic potential, however, as migration considerably changes the demography of numerous countries, chronic infections will need increased devotion. In a progressively globalized world, prompt populace migration and mobility are plummeting the changes in infectious illness epidemiology among counties ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ScywuJmN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"itemData":{"id":1161,"type":"article-journal","title":"Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work","container-title":"Policy and Society","page":"365-384","volume":"36","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Hoornbeek","given":"John A."},{"family":"Peters","given":"B. Guy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). The policy has improved healthcare systems to reduce the burden of diseases, however, the relocation of populations and movement among localities has been increased in recent years. Therefore, policies should be prepared according to the demand of the communities. The occurrence and frequency of infections are posing present and future challenges to the healthcare facilities. Particularly for those patients suffering from medical infectious illnesses and healthcare providers working public health program administration ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2f6u5q9c9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bacchi, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Bacchi, 2016)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1160,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/99QYRIHY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/99QYRIHY"],"itemData":{"id":1160,"type":"article-journal","title":"Problematizations in health policy: Questioning how “problems” are constituted in policies","container-title":"Sage Open","page":"2158244016653986","volume":"6","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Bacchi","given":"Carol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bacchi, 2016). Migration of population among localities has tremendously changed the pattern of disease prevalence and incidence in the communities. The global healthcare policy has significantly impacted healthcare facilities in diagnosis and treatment methods for infectious diseases. Immigration and movement of population in different localities have also been addressed in certain policies to reduce the burden of the diseases for example, HIV/AIDS screening is applied in almost every area ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3GAiNyst","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"itemData":{"id":1161,"type":"article-journal","title":"Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work","container-title":"Policy and Society","page":"365-384","volume":"36","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Hoornbeek","given":"John A."},{"family":"Peters","given":"B. Guy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). People traveling to other localities have to go through some important screening tests to effectively improve the control of transmission of diseases among countries. The healthcare providers and policymakers should address the issues of rural population and people living in low socio-economic conditions to effectively develop the healthcare systems.
Response 5
Stakeholders involved in policymaking, healthcare organizations’ administration, and government entities need to work for the mutual cause ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ac7ppqgjas","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schweitzer & Lu, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Schweitzer & Lu, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1159,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/D25RUHVZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/D25RUHVZ"],"itemData":{"id":1159,"type":"book","title":"Pharmaceutical economics and policy: perspectives, promises, and problems","publisher":"Oxford University Press","ISBN":"0-19-062378-0","author":[{"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Stuart O."},{"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schweitzer & Lu, 2018). All healthcare facilities, private organizations, and community workers need to work in collaboration to improve the healthcare systems ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qy4chQGe","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/Z8EDTWCE"],"itemData":{"id":1161,"type":"article-journal","title":"Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work","container-title":"Policy and Society","page":"365-384","volume":"36","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Hoornbeek","given":"John A."},{"family":"Peters","given":"B. Guy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). To reduce the burden of infectious diseases from countries, public health professionals need to organize healthcare educational programs to improve the standards of living. It is also important for the communities to improve their way of living such as improved sanitation, maintenance of hygienic conditions, and screening for the early diagnosis of illnesses. It is also important for community workers and nurses to work collectively to improve the control of infections from communities. Other stakeholders that can work in collaboration to effectively improve the healthcare systems are the administration of educational institutions to introduce evidence-based research and practice in the education of nursing.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bacchi, C. (2016). Problematizations in health policy: Questioning how “problems” are constituted in policies. Sage Open, 6(2), 2158244016653986.
Global Health - United States Department of State. (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2020, from https://www.state.gov/policy-issues/global-health/
Hoornbeek, J. A., & Peters, B. G. (2017). Understanding policy problems: A refinement of past work. Policy and Society, 36(3), 365–384.
Schweitzer, S. O., & Lu, Z. J. (2018). Pharmaceutical economics and policy: perspectives, promises, and problems. Oxford University Press.
