Asthma #

Asthma

[Author]

[Institution]

Asthma

Question 1

Write about Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common respiratory disorders in the world. One in thirteen people around the world is suffering from asthma, with 25 million people suffering from this disease in America alone CITATION AAF18 \l 1033 (AAFA, 2018). Despite recent strides in the diagnosis and the management of this disorder, asthma remains one of the most poorly managed diseases. There is no treatment, and the patient has to prevent exposure to allergens in order to keep asthma-related inflammation at bay. While a number of biologic therapies are available, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta2-agonist inhalers (LABA) are one of the most frequently used preventive measures that can keep inflammation and asthma exacerbations at bay ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kQn4iLTQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Quirt, Hildebrand, Mazza, Noya, & Kim, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Quirt, Hildebrand, Mazza, Noya, & Kim, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":321,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/TJXAI2J8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/TJXAI2J8"],"itemData":{"id":321,"type":"article-journal","title":"Asthma","container-title":"Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","page":"50-50","volume":"14","issue":"Suppl 2","archive":"PubMed","archive_location":"30275843","abstract":"Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder in Canada. Despite significant improvement in the diagnosis and management of this disorder, the majority of Canadians with asthma remain poorly controlled. In most patients, however, control can be achieved through the use of avoidance measures and appropriate pharmacological interventions. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) represent the standard of care for the majority of patients. Combination ICS/long-acting beta(2)-agonist inhalers are preferred for most adults who fail to achieve control with ICS therapy. Biologic therapies targeting immunoglobulin E or interleukin-5 are recent additions to the asthma treatment armamentarium and may be useful in select cases of difficult to control asthma. Allergen-specific immunotherapy represents a potentially disease-modifying therapy for many patients with asthma, but should only be prescribed by physicians with appropriate training in allergy. In addition to avoidance measures and pharmacotherapy, essential components of asthma management include: regular monitoring of asthma control using objective testing measures such as spirometry, whenever feasible; creation of written asthma action plans; assessing barriers to treatment and adherence to therapy; and reviewing inhaler device technique. This article provides a review of current literature and guidelines for the appropriate diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children.","DOI":"10.1186/s13223-018-0279-0","ISSN":"1710-1484","journalAbbreviation":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Quirt","given":"Jaclyn"},{"family":"Hildebrand","given":"Kyla J"},{"family":"Mazza","given":"Jorge"},{"family":"Noya","given":"Francisco"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Harold"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",9,12]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Quirt, Hildebrand, Mazza, Noya, & Kim, 2018).

Question 2

Write about treatment options the (LABA to ICS) /treating exacerbations

Asthma exacerbations are one of the most significant cause of illnesses associated with the disease. It usually enhances the existing inflammatory processes in asthma patients and is also known to promote loss of disease control among patients. Additionally, it also causes loss of lung function among asthma patients, along with an increase in healthcare costs. While the frequency of such exacerbations can be reduced to manageable extents, it cannot be fully treated. In order to reduce these exacerbations to manageable levels, patients are treated with ICS or a combination of ICS and LABA. This enables disease control among asthma patients and improves their overall wellbeing ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6iyuI0OO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Castillo, Peters, & Busse, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Castillo, Peters, & Busse, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":316,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/C66LA7BJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/C66LA7BJ"],"itemData":{"id":316,"type":"article-journal","title":"Asthma exacerbations: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment","container-title":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","page":"918-927","volume":"5","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Castillo","given":"Jamee R."},{"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen P."},{"family":"Busse","given":"William W."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Castillo, Peters, & Busse, 2017).

Question 3

Discuss environmental control. What does it do to the patient with asthma?

One of the most effective measures to control Asthma-related exacerbations is through environmental control. The intervention practices frequently employed under environmental control focuses on a single allergen at a time. This limited approach helps reduce the effects of exposure to such allergens among asthma patients and even reduced the levels of asthma morbidity. Furthermore, environmental control can be easily tailored to an individual’s needs and decreases exposure to allergens that cause asthma-related inflammation. This is typically employed in a home-based environment or any place where the patient spends a lot of time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"oOp3bhCQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Castillo et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Castillo et al., 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":316,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/C66LA7BJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/C66LA7BJ"],"itemData":{"id":316,"type":"article-journal","title":"Asthma exacerbations: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment","container-title":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","page":"918-927","volume":"5","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Castillo","given":"Jamee R."},{"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen P."},{"family":"Busse","given":"William W."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Castillo et al., 2017).

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY AAFA. (2018). Asthma Facts and Figures. Retrieved from Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America: https://www.aafa.org/asthma-facts/

Castillo, J. R., Peters, S. P., & Busse, W. W. (2017). Asthma exacerbations: Pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 5(4), 918–927.

Quirt, J., Hildebrand, K. J., Mazza, J., Noya, F., & Kim, H. (2018). Asthma. Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology : Official Journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 14(Suppl 2), 50–50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0279-0

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