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Chapter 10: Geography
Under Soviet Union, the management of energy and water was done as there was a centralized system through which every country was assigned a task according to the resources each country had. Since the fall of Soviet Union, this systemized management has been disrupted as there is no proper regulation. Five countries of Central Asia were involved in this management system. After the fall, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan withdrew from the arrangement as they realized that they would be able to sell their energy to countries such as Afghanistan. The system crumbled which led to the energy crisis in Central Asia. The reason why water and energy management system was so efficient was due to the fact that Moscow acted as the regulatory body, controlling these countries.
This caused Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to increase their water production in order to fulfill energy requirements in the region. Due to shortage of energy in the region, energy and food prices increased drastically. In 2010, there were riots in Kyrgyzstan that resulted in violence all over the country after the president was unseated. This violence was said to be because of increased prices of electricity and gas. Heating was not available for the public in winters due to which people were forced to live in extreme conditions. Kyrgyzstan suffered a lot due to energy crisis. Tajikistan also suffered the most during harsh winter season because there was no arrangement of providing heat and energy to households. In addition to this situation, natural sources of water especially Amu Darya River are drying up due to global warming, escalating the crisis further.
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