(Child Labor And Domestic Work) Or (global Warming)

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Global warming

Sen. Sanders Introduces Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act." US Fed News Service, Including US State News, Feb 03, 2007. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/469467311?accountid=14861.

In this article, Sanders has highlighted the legislation of Global Warming Pollution Reduction and Clean Air Act that focuses on the reduction of the usage of things that are causing air pollution. Both Senate and House of Representatives have passed these laws. In this article; the author has mentioned various elements along with their percentage that are the leading cause of global warming. There have been mentioned many programs that are introduced for the generation of the low carbon products as this has been suggested as a way of overcoming the pollution that is being caused by global warming. Many tactics and techniques have been recommended by the experts so that pollution could be reduced to a certain level. Global warming pollutants are the leading cause of pollution increase. The author has also mentioned that one of the goals of United States is to achieve a reduction in the global warming pollution emission gases. U.S should also endorse campaigns for making its citizen aware that they should play an essential role in reducing the global warming pollutants. Carbon is one of the essential elements that are polluting the environment at a significant level. Pollutants are increasing the temperature and making it difficult to survive in such a warm temperature. Global warming has been a threat to the economy and security of America.

Johnson, Jane M. -., et al. "Do Mitigation Strategies Reduce Global Warming Potential in the Northern U.S. Corn Belt?" Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 40, no. 5, 2011, pp. 1551-9.ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/887254686?accountid=14861...

In this article, Johnson has pointed towards some of the main factors that are needed for the mitigation of global warming. According to him, there is an increase in the C sequestration by agricultural practices and this increase is going to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gases (methane and carbon dioxide) while promoting the productivity of the elements that would be needed to mitigate the global warming without influencing the production of food. One of the primary objectives of this article or the research, is to compare various things such as emission of the greenhouse gases, productivity and change over time in the soil C. Another objective of this study is to know how far the mitigation strategies that have been implemented and succeeded in the northern U.S. Corn Belt for reducing the global warming potential and its potential per unit biomass. Various systems were compared, such as BAU (business as usual) ii MCS (maximum C sequestration) iii OGGB (optimum greenhouse gas benefit). One of the interesting things that have been noted in this study is that the three-year emission of all the gases included in the greenhouse gases was similar to the other systems of management. The purpose of this study is to identify the management system that would reduce global warming without casting any impacts on plant productivity. There is a need to take these strategies seriously and pay full attention to this issue as it would get severe if not catered timely.

Vlachou, Andriana. "The Economics of Global Warming: A Critical Assessment."Rethinking Marxism, vol. 12, no. 4, 2000, pp. 90. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/212102511?accountid=14861.

In this article, Vlachou is pointing towards the economy that has been disturbed because of the global warming by mentioning an international conference that was at the United Nations Conference for Environment and Development that was arranged in 1992 in which 155 countries signed a paper that was about climate changes and the main aim of this conference was to discuss the ways through which global warming could be limit. In this article, Vlachou also highlighted developed countries that used specific strategies and it was seen that there was a reduction of 5.2 percent, in the emission of the greenhouse gases that are raising the temperature of the world. In this article, this fact was given much importance that actions or strategies that are used for preventing global warming have severe and visible impacts on the economy, culture, political and other situations. Neoclassical economists are being depicted as the ones who have been identifying the damages to the economy by studying the effects of global warming. One of the major tasks that the economists have been engaged in is the valuation of damages caused by global warming along the estimated cost. Economists are making policies that would be controlling these costs. The primary task of the economists is that they have to make the decision makers aware, how they should make policies by recommending those points for the optimal policy. It is a fact that when the temperature of an environment changes, there comes adverse impacts on the overall economy of that areas as well.

Bohr, Jeremiah. "Is it Hot in here Or is it just Me? Temperature Anomalies and Political Polarization Over Global Warming in the American Public." Climatic Change, vol. 142, no. 1-2, 2017, pp. 271-285. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1891693185?accountid=14861, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1934-z.

It is the article in which Bohr is addressing the issue of rising temperature because of global warming. It is an article in which, he has also highlighted the attitudes of Americans about global warming as they are living in areas that are getting warmer and how this issue is being experienced by them. Global warming is making the life of people a little tough as there are many areas that are getting warmer and also there are areas where no considerable warmth could be felt. Political polarization is mainly concerned with the states that experience temperature anomalies. This article is also pointing to the regression in Human activities because of the impact of global warming. From the searches, it would be seen that the areas that are very cold and areas with warm temperature have taken into consideration and temperature has been recorded for the five years that has predicted impacts on the existing polarization. These effects are more visible on the Democrats. This article also helps in knowing how the temperature anomalies shape social and physical attitudes of people towards the various topics and issues. People are witnessing the effects of global warming and everyone could feel the difference in the temperature as well but they are not taking the steps that they should for overcoming these effects and for controlling this issue.

Jordan, Stuart D. "Global Climate Change Triggered by Global Warming: Part 1." The Skeptical Inquirer, vol. 31, no. 3, May 2007, pp. 32-39. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/219296094?accountid=14861.

In this article, Jordan is pointing towards the change that is taking place across the world because of global warming. He is also trying to divert the world's attention towards this threatening issue of global warming that should not be taken lightly by the public. It is the time to take some action and necessary steps for saving this world from the hazardous effects of global warming that are altering this world and are casting adverse effects on the atmosphere as a whole. Not only the effects of global warming could be seen on the earth but also at the sea level there could be witnessed many drastic changes as well. Most threatening fact about global warming is the rise of temperature and rise of sea level that are substantially altering the structure of the land and sea. The climate of the world is changing rapidly, and global ocean circulation is the main factor that is regulating the climate of this world. This article is providing compelling pieces of evidence that global warming during the past few years caused alarming changes. In this article, the author has mentioned many authentic shreds of evidence and has referred towards many researches according to which drastic increase in the temperature has been proved. Most of the climatologists have claimed that the last ten years of the twentieth century have proved to be the warmest years in the past millennium. Many researchers blame humans for being the reason for global warming. Global warming is the main factor that has triggered the change that is taking place all over the world and it is the time for public to be made aware by the authorities about this crisis so, that they could reduce those activities that are causing changes in the temperature.

Work Cited

Bohr, Jeremiah. "Is it Hot in here Or is it just Me? Temperature Anomalies and Political Polarization Over Global Warming in the American Public." Climatic Change, vol. 142, no. 1-2, 2017, pp. 271-285. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1891693185?accountid=14861, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1934-z.

Johnson, Jane M. -., et al. "Do Mitigation Strategies Reduce Global Warming Potential in the Northern U.S. Corn Belt?" Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 40, no. 5, 2011, pp. 1551-9. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/887254686?accountid=14861.

Jordan, Stuart D. "Global Climate Change Triggered by Global Warming: Part 1." The Skeptical Inquirer, vol. 31, no. 3, May 2007, pp. 32-39. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/219296094?accountid=14861.

Sen. Sanders Introduces Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act." US Fed News Service, Including US State News, Feb 03, 2007. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/469467311?accountid=14861.

Vlachou, Andriana. "The Economics of Global Warming: A Critical Assessment."Rethinking Marxism, vol. 12, no. 4, 2000, pp. 90. ProQuest, https://libproxy.volstate.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/212102511?accountid=14861.

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The Need for Civil Disobedience among the People of Timkin

In Civil Disobedience, Thoreau is of the opinion that people of the state have to duty to refuse evil in all ways and form. He states that while people are not explicitly given any duty to go out and fix the evils in society, it is their duty to abstain from all forms of evil. Thoreau states that there are very few people in the society that actually adhere to this rule or perform this duty. Thus, when he states that the people are serving the state with the body alone and not with their mine, he is telling the people that a vast majority among them do not any thought or mind into serving the state. They do whatever it is the administrative unit of the state tells them to do and do not truly think whether what they are doing is inherently right or wrong.

According to Thoreau, a very large number of people living in a state actually make use of their minds while serving the state. These are the ones that truly think about what they are saying and are mindful of the workings of the government and do their level best to oppose any change that is even remotely close to the concept of evil-doing in society. They work, in their own way, to ensure that they can convert them and turn them towards the path of true men. In Thoreau’s own words, “A very few, as heroes, patriots, martyrs, reformers in the great sense, and men, serve the state with their consciences also, and so necessarily resist it for the most part…”

Therefore, Thoreau, in this passage, is of the opinion that people do not think enough to discern between right and wrong and are most likely to just do what the government or the administrative units of the state wants them to do. Thus, in the attainment of righteous and the just way of life, if people have to engage in civil disobedience in any way or form, they should not hesitate to do so.

The story being scrutinized here, called “Repent, Harlequin!” Said the Ticktockman by Harlan Ellison is a satirical short story set that was first published in 1965. The stir has been set in a dystopian future where time is treated as a new form of currency and operates like a deciding factor in the life of every citizen that calls Timkin his home. The story won two reputable awards and has been hailed as a literary masterpiece, considering how it plays with the themes of social control and how they always, inevitably, lead towards one form or another of civil disobedience.

The story, as mentioned earlier, treats time as a unit of currency and is a deciding factor. If an individual is ever late, they are penalized by having time shaved off in the number of years and minutes they have left to live by the authorities. The various units of this society operate as if they have their life in life, which most of the time they actually do. The characters are a true representation of how the various units within the society operate and how any form of disobedience is seen as inherently wrong and critical to the various units of the society. The society has corporate control over the people which is quite similar to the time-and-motion studies carried out in the 1960s as part of the hierarchal manipulation of the masses. Here, the complacency of the population with the modern concept of slavery makes in inherently important and useful for the regulation of the consumer market (Bluedorn).

At first, the author showcases the protagonist as a version of himself. The protagonist, Everett C. Marm, is one of the few individuals of the society that things with his mind instead of serving his state with his body. He is the alter ego of Harlequin and can be seen as a disobedient menace and can be seen as the clown, a hero, an activist and an individual that is actually fighting for the freedom of the people. As Earle Bryant describes of the Harlequin as a rebel, “the weapons that he uses … are not bullets and bombs; they are pranks and high jinks [sic], outrageous stunts designed to arouse his fellow citizens from the unthinking conformity and blind adherence” (Bryant). Ultimately, the Harlequin’s account proves that one person can create a revolution, no matter how challenging the system is (Ellison).

In contrast, Michael White writes a review, in a 1977 issue of DePauw University's Science Fiction Studies Journal, of Ellison’s story as a representation of a protest that demands a “social change” (165). The analysis defines the character’s activities as irrational, as well as states that Harlequin is "unconcerned" (White 163) with the "chances of success" (White 163) his rebellion has in creating that change. The author does make an incredibly valid point in this regard. However, considering how careless Harlequin is with regard to his conduct, it was only a matter of time when he would ultimately get caught and be blamed for his actions in the manner that he was. This was, in essence, the central idea of the story that Ellison tries to get across to his audience (Ellison) and the form of civil disobedience that is condemned by Thoreau in the first place

In normal circumstances, the Master Timekeeper, who also goes as Ticktockman, is the antagonist of the story and is responsible for making sure that everything is carried out in an orderly and a timely manner in a city that he calls his own. He tends to remain calm as long as every unit in the city is run on time. However, the actions of the Harlequin are a bane in his existence and often infuriate the Ticktockman to the point that he threatens to kill him. Despite all the threats, ultimately, he decides to not turn Harlequin off at all. His form of punishment would be simple brainwashing and turning him into an example of why it is essential for an individual to be punctual in his conduct while in society, especially for the people that live in his city (Ellison).

He is the representation of a tyrannical government in Thoreau’s context and the sort that appreciate ruling over mindless members of the society that use their body alone and do not ever think with their minds. Here, it is rather important to understand and realize the idea behind the creation of Ticktockman. Throughout the text, he is the representation of corporate control on society which is carried out by keeping precise track of each person’s life, not only for the efficiency of industry, but also for complete control over university, postal, transportation, and even recreational establishments.

In this regard, one can also draw similarities presented in the work of Frederick Winslow Taylor. He presents the most compelling evidence of control over the industry which is published in The Principles of Scientific Management. These studies are more famously known as time-and-motion studies. These studies were put to use by Corporate America in an effort to raise the level of productivity of employees rather significantly by simplifying their jobs and put the process of using automation to carry out menial industry tasks into motion. In his opinion, this would help him produce the most efficient results possible (Frederick). It was such practices and processes that were put into place which can be held responsible for stifling the sense of creativity among the working class and turn them into a mindless drone that does not have any thought of their own. In other words, it is the processes put in place by the government that turns people from using their minds to operating with their bodies alone.

It is important to realize that the represents The is the efforts of, who is the scientist that published, also known as s, in 1911. used his work in the sixties to raise productivity in employees significantly by simplifying a job into automated motions to produce the most efficient results It seems that these practices stifled creativity and turned the American working class into mindless drones. In other words, as White said, the “social regimentation” (161) would become “Homo sapiens … [into] Homo automatus” (162). In fact, the idea Ellison had of social order being controlled by time is not unlike present-day, considering everyone must wake up and get to work on time, as well as the schedules for everything. As Ellison puts it, there is going to be a “day we no longer let time serve us, we serve time and we are slaves of the schedule” (44).

In this story, the citizens of the city they are in i.e. Timkin are being put on the clock and are being asked to be punctual to such an extent that it is criminal for them to waste even a moment of their life. If that is an infraction that they commit, they could have years shaved off of their life and even be killed for the most minor infractions. These citizens are conditioned to adhere to the time-and-motion management to extreme extents and operate like cogs in a machine. An example of this can be seen in the form of the slightest disruptions made by Harlequin by making use of jelly beans and bullhorn, can result in the breaking down of the machine which causes a sense of chaos in the consumer market and in turn makes the entire system shut down on a temporarily. They could be termed as an ideal representation of an oppressed society that is based on crippling rules, unique set of fears and irreversible illusions which can be held responsible for the lack of liberation among the various units of society.

In the end, despite all of his efforts, the Ticktockman manages to brainwash Harlequin and conform him to the ways of the system, asking him to publically state that what he did was wrong and that his actions were in violation of the right code of conduct i.e. to obey the rules at all times. But, more was yet to come when, in the end, the Ticktockman himself was seen as being three minutes late and was in no way, remorseful for his actions, which is a representation of how a corrupt a government that demands complete social control on their subjects can be in essence.

Works Cited

Bryant, Earle V. "Ellison's ‘Repent, Harlequin!’ Said the Ticktockman." The Explicator 59.3, 2001: 163-5. ProQuest. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.

Ellison, Harlan. "'Repent, Harlequin!' Said the Ticktockman." Reading and Responding to Literature and Film. ENGL200: Composition and Literature. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011: 109-117. Web. 14 November 2014.

“Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management.” Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, 2010. Web. 26 December 2014.

White, Michael D. "Elison's [sic] Harlequin: Irrational Moral Action in Static Time." Science Fiction Studies, 1977: 161-165. Web. 24 December 2014.

(PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS!)

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Racial Discrimination and Our Society

Racial Discrimination is a phenomenon that can be traced back to centuries. It is not something that started at a specific time or in a certain area. Rather it has been since always, in all parts of the world. Racial discrimination means the discriminatory and unfavourable attitude towards someone because the race they belong to is different, and is disliked. The feelings of irrational hatred, dislike, and prejudice are linked to the concept of racial discrimination. One of the commonly victimized races is African Americans or those with black skin tone. The US has been a hub of racism before they got their equal civil rights. In 1982 the unemployment rate in the US was 10.45 and twice was for the African Americans that is 20.2% (Simpson and Yinger). There was a movement in the US called the Civil Rights Movement that aimed at getting equal civil rights for every race. The movement turned out to be fruitful and the law was passed to give everyone equal civil rights. The world has changed a lot after the technology took over. There is a common notion found in many of the white people that only KKK members and white supremacists perpetuate racism, and it has nothing to do with us. However, it is not realized that the implicit racial bias is shown towards the other races and we ignore that. Though in different form and shapes than in the past, still racism exists in our society, and we need to devise a way to eradicate it from roots. But to do this we first of all need to realize our racial attitudes. To eradicate racism from our society from roots, we need to realize that racism is our problem and we have to change our implicit racist biases towards African Americas and other races.

In America, racism has been an issue for the centuries. The black or the African Americans were treated like trash in the past years before the law got passed and they got equal civil rights. That all resulted because of a movement that occurred during the 1950s in the US for the equal rights of minorities, more specifically African Americans. Racism in America has not been fully eradicated. In his book “Racism and Borders: Representation, Repression, Resistance” Jeff states that over the past the years, there have been dramatic examples of security and surveillance (Jeff, p.2) The African Americas have to go through discriminatory situations on a daily bases even today. People do not realize that racism is not only about hateful words and speeches. If this was so we could say that racism has been reduced to a greater degree because not everybody uses hateful speeches or words explicitly. Rather racism it is much more than that, and not all the time it can be taken as impeachment of law. For example, the white person standing in the lift closes her bag to her, when a black person enters the lift, or when police handcuff a black person in public thinking straight away that the black person must be faulty without even knowing the background of the incident. This kind of racist biases lies deep within people without them even realizing that it is a kind of racism that affects the person who is the victim of such discrimination.

Another common belief is found in the people that racism is only found in the Ku Klux Klan members and the so-called white supremacists. It is so because it is rather easy to target a person wearing a pointy hat and a white sheet draped around them and burning crosses in the streets when the topic of racism is opened. Suddenly these kinds of images appear in our mind when we talk about racism. The problem is that we do not realize while pointing fingers towards others that we are segregating ourselves from them thinking of ourselves as innocent and pure. People get easily into great debates with the white supremacist people on the topic of racism and overtly oppose racism. However, the important fact that is forgotten is that even though they oppose with such forget arguments, they forget that they are also in the queue of those getting benefits from the sinful legacy of racism. Black people Are the topmost victim of racism in America and the word overall. Francisco Leite in his research states that since childhood the question of who am I? is there in the mind of a black person, and when they look for the answer I the media and society around them they get to realize that they are the victims of racism due to the sense of displacement that arises because of the answers (Francisco, p.134).

Intentions of a person play an important role in every action of him. If someone does something wrong to a person of some other race and has no intentions of doing so, then he would be resented later because of that. If he is good in general to the people of other races then he would probably be sad over unjustly accused of being racist. Unfortunately, this is the problem with our society that the people sometimes are not hurting others because of their intentions rather because of their inattentions. People do not realize that the others are harmed by the large social forces that are out of the personal control of someone, but they benefit the, in an unjust manner then the inattentiveness can be hurtful to others. If the attention is played to the ways of how racism affects others it can be realized that the racism is not just about a few people who explicitly claim to be racist, nor it is about just hateful words. Because of our lack of attention racism continues to benefit the white people and it brings disadvantage to the others. There is a need to separate inattention from intention so that people realize that there is no need to be defensive in such a situation, rather simply apologizing would be more comforting. The past experiences can be taken as a lesson for the future to not make mistakes.

As it is clear now that sometimes, racism is being practised even by those who know better about it but do not realize while practising it. This being the reason it cannot be said that racism is only the practice of ignorant people. Racism is perpetuated even bib those who reject white supremacy and apparently they are against it. Racism can be practised by anyone from any institution. For example the clergy who have academic degrees have been found arguing about the slavery on religious basis, scientists have claimed to establish the lowliness of other races to Caucasians by pointing out head perimeter and other bodily "evidence" for the white man's supremacy, lawyers have been in this business too, many made cases for the “separate but equal” schools for the African American children. In 2014, (SFFA) filed a complaint against Harvard University under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act on behalf of Asian American students (Hans A., p.3). It does not end here, even the white politicians with college degrees have given hateful remarks about white majorities with the black and brown people living there. This proves the fact that racism has nothing to do with the fact that a person is ignorant or not.

With the passing time, the world has been in the more and more interracial relations. It is important for the world to see more and more congregations but it will not be enough to end racism. Even inside multiracial faith populations, racism has occasions to maneuver. Sociologist Korie Edwards once conducted research in a church to study the multiracial congregations. He found out that the white dominance in the church remained still, even after their number was reduced to a minority. The point to be made here is that racial discrimination continues to happen in the multiracial communities as well, so we need to talk about the issue until it is resolved.

It is a common belief within the people who have friends from other races, that their friends are not the victim of racism. If they do not tell them about what they face it does not mean that they do not go through this. They may not tell their white friends because of a lot of reasons. A common belief is that they get to benefit from talking about racism, they get sympathies of others by playing a race card. The thing to be noted here is how much benefit they get from playing the "Race Card".

While racial discrimination is against the law still there are ways in which it operates in society. Michelle Alexander argues that in the war against drugs during the 1980s, resulted in the imprisonment of many of the colour people through prison sentences. There are laws that can report the imbalanced punishing practices and the damaging outcome of over-policing poor neighbourhoods. But laws are not enough. The relationship between legislation and racial discrimination is always intricate and yet interconnected. We have to advocate for better ethnic justice in all areas of our society and at all levels of government.

Racial discrimination is not an issue that can be taken so lightly. We as a society have to open our eyes to the fact that racial discrimination still exists in our society and is not uprooted fully. The world has evolved in many ways and so are the ways of operating racism. It may have changed its shape and form but still, it does exist. We need to be responsible for the action, thoughts, and the words we produce, if they are hurting others because of the racism underlying, we need to reshape ourselves and be more sensitive towards the feelings and emotions of others. We can simply put ourselves into their shoes, just to find out whether something we do is discriminatory in terms of race or not.

Works Cited

Jeff, Shaniz. Racism And Borders: Representation, Repression, Resistance. Algora Publishing, 2019.

Francisco, Leite. "The Everyday Pain Of Racism Of Brazilian Black Women And The Effect Of Counterintuitive Ads For Its Reduction: A Grounded Theory Study". Communication And Society, 2017, Accessed 11 Apr 2019.

Simpson, G. E., and J. M. Yinger. Racial and Cultural Minorities: An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination. Springer US, 2013.

von Spakovsky, Hans A. "Racial Discrimination at Harvard University and America's" Elite" Institutions. Legal Memorandum. No. 236." Heritage Foundation (2018).

(what Ever You Make The Paper Over)

Impacts of social media on society

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Impacts of social media on society

Introduction

Social Media platforms have changed the life of people in many different ways. It has brought a revolutionary change in the life of people in the way they see themselves, the way they see others and the way they interact with the world around them. Social Media has brought many positive implications as well as negative implications in the life of the people. The positive implications include the advertisement of the businesses, promotion of particular causes and helping people to interact with each other all over the world. The over usage of social media has led to negative implications in the life of people. Social media has impacted our society for both better and worst. Here is the closer look at the effects of social media on the life of the people.

Discussion

There are countless improvements in social media and technology. These improvements brought increased change in communication across cultures. Social media has positively brought attention to the events all around the world, but it is also essential that we examine the negative effects of social media has on human's experience in society. The overuse of social media is a global issue which needs to get resolved. Research has shown that more usage of the internet can have a highly negative impact on our emotional and mental health. There are many social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, etc., which are contributing a lot as these social media platforms are providing opportunities to engage with people all around the world.

Social Media impacts on politics

Every politician wants his positive impact on people. Social Media is providing an opportunity to engage with people and explain to them about their cause. It is also offering ways to different political parties to increase their popularity among the people. Social Media websites have played a vital role in many elections around the world. Many politicians have inspired people through social media, and they were able to increase their popularity. Social media platforms are helping politicians to listen about the problems people are facing in society and try to resolve them. (Bennett, 2012).

Social Media impacts on business

Many companies are using social media for the advertisements of their products. Social Media has provided an opportunity for many people to do startups through social media platforms. It has provided people with a platform for marketing and made it easy for people to develop a strong presence. Social Media has changed consumer behaviour as it demands attention and it helped a lot in building customer loyalty. Feedbacks from customers help a lot in understanding the demand of the market. Social Media provides effective means to people for advertising and promoting their businesses as compared to the expensive forms of marketing (Qualman, 2010).

Social Media effect on socialization

Social media is providing a means of communication to people all over the world. It is providing an opportunity to connect with old friends and to make new friends. Social media platforms are providing people with the opportunity to explore themselves and share their ideas. People can share content like pictures, videos and their files with their friends and family through social media quickly. People can now take part in different activities on social media websites. Many professionals are using social media websites like LinkedIn to build their career and find jobs according to their skills. Social media is providing ways of communication which are helping people in understanding different cultures by interacting with people of different communities. Students are also getting benefits from social media to improve their academic proficiency (Wang & Wei, 2012).

Social Media impact on privacy

Social media also provides privacy to people, but many people don't understand the privacy policies and share their personal data on social sites. People must be careful before sharing their stuff on social media otherwise it will haunt them. Many companies perform a background checkup of an employee before hiring him if someone posts stuff which is unethical it will create an adverse impact on the personality of an individual. People should be careful while sharing stuff on their personal accounts because if they share something vulnerable, it may affect their relationship with people (Taddicken, 2014).

Social media and cyberbullying.

Social media has many positives as well as negatives. Cyberbullying is one of the main problems which people are facing on social media sites. Many people are a victim of cyber bullying and harassment on social media. People are not careful, and they are becoming a victim of unscrupulous people. Many children, students, young girls and especially women are becoming a victim of, and it is creating depression & stress in their life. Many people also get threatened by the attacker and instead of taking legal action against them people pay a high amount of money to get rid of them (Hamm et al., 2015).

Conclusion

Social media has positives as well as negatives, so it is up to you that how social websites will be used to either benefit or harm yourself. As an individual, it is up to you how wisely social media sites will be used to enhance your professional as well as social life. People must ensure they don't fall as the victim of the online attackers by not sharing their personal data with anyone or on any social website. People should try to spend less time on social media to save their time and utilise it somewhere else.

References

Bennett, W. L. (2012). The personalisation of politics: Political identity, social media, and changing patterns of participation. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 644(1), 20-39.

Qualman, E. (2010). Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do business. John Wiley & Sons.

Wang, X., Yu, C., & Wei, Y. (2012). Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework. Journal of interactive marketing, 26(4), 198-208.

Taddicken, M. (2014). The ‘privacy paradox’in the social web: The impact of privacy concerns, individual characteristics, and the perceived social relevance on different forms of self-disclosure. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(2), 248-273.

Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., ... & Hartling, L. (2015). Prevalence and effect of cyberbullying on children and young people: A scoping review of social media studies. JAMA pediatrics, 169(8), 770-777.

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Dying for a Drink: A Summary

Chapter 1

The first chapter discusses the story of two different people, who are both separated by economic differences, but the two are united by their affliction with alcoholism. It discusses how the pair is dependent on this intoxicating liquid and how the society has become so used to the affliction. The prevalence of the matter is much worse than that being brought into notice, given how the drinking problem among those in isolation is not recorded as well. It creates health problems and is turning into a global epidemic.

Chapter 2

Here a married couple has been presented, whose lives fall apart because of his affliction to alcoholism. The husband entered an outpatient program to help with his alcoholism, however, he couldn’t let go of the issue and the affliction took his life. Eventually his wife, in her isolation, became an alcoholic too. This shows that alcoholism is an issue that doesn’t let go and can deeply impact people that live around alcoholics.

Chapter 3

Social drinkers have willpower and self-control which is lacked by those that use alcohol as a crutch. While various social circumstances can become the reason why people may begin to depend on alcohol, these reasons are not ingrained in one’s DNA but adopted with time. The chapter revolves around the factors people blame for their affliction, and what part culture plays in this aspect.

Chapter 4

This chapter discusses how the capability to hold a drink varies from person to person. These people that have a hard time knowing when to quit drinking, and often go too far too soon. Eventually, they develop a habit that is detrimental to both their health and wellbeing. Furthermore, there are those people that drink too much, too frequently and become addicted to drinking. Thus, unless someone drinks in moderation and knows exactly when to quit, this person can easily turn into an addict where no amount of alcohol is safe to consume.

Chapter 5

Alcohol is not only an addiction but a self-afflicted abuse at the very same time. People who have been subjected to this torture for years aren’t aware of how they are harming themselves. They crave alcohol, would do anything to attain in, and once they give in to their indulgences, there is no way they could turn back. The physical damage of binge drinking is evident in such cases, it could also result in cognitive damage at the same time.

Chapter 6

A number of early signs are visible among individuals are suffering from alcoholism. This condition is usually progressive and only gets worse with time. They lose any spiritual beliefs. They lose sight of who they are as a person and begin rationalizing their behavior by any means necessary. They suffer from mood swings and personality changes and are incapable of thinking clearly and cohesively.

Chapter 7

Alcoholics are often in complete denial of their affliction. They are tied up in their own world to such an extent that they fail to understand the consequences of their actions. They have no idea what they are going through and often ignore their condition. It causes a number of medical-related illnesses and leads to consequences, which makes it essential that answers be found to treat the affliction and rehabilitate individuals.

Chapter 8

Support is key for alcoholics to rehabilitate themselves and shun this habit. It can result in chemical damage to one’s mind and memory, causes repression of painful memories as a means of self-defense and even is enabled into this behavior by certain segments of society. Here, loved ones serve as a medium of support and allow alcoholics to lean on then on their way to a better, alcohol-free life. Faith also plays a key role in rehabilitation here.

Chapter 9

While support is key to ensuring that alcoholics get the help that they need. However, at the same time, this support can also play a role in enabling their addiction, since they know they have someone to rely on. Thus, at such a time, the people in their life have to resort to some tough love to ensure that alcoholics can adequately look after themselves and heal from their addiction on their own.

Chapter 10

Alcoholism does not affect the one who is addicted alone, but entire families. A number of households within the country are painfully afflicted by this issue since one of the family members is an alcoholic. It causes the family emotional distress, with most of them denying that one of their own has an issue. Furthermore, they often isolate the alcoholic, which furthers this affliction that they have, ultimately enabling their problem.

Chapter 11

Alcoholics are not only a danger to themselves but to the people, they surround themselves with as well. They can become extremely volatile and often abuse the people, especially children for minor infractions. Their habits can not only have a bad impact on these individuals themselves, but also on the people around them. The children living in such households are often subjected to sexual abuse, which scars them and these children for life.

Chapter 12

Alcoholism is an illness that often follows women even when they are pregnant. Their dependence on alcohol not only puts their own life at risk but also puts the life of her baby at peril as well. It causes the baby to be severely brain damage, which is just one of the many issues that plague such babies that are born with fetal alcohol syndrome. Such children suffer through a lifetime of emotional distress, trauma, physical abuse, and moral dilemma.

Chapter 13

Children of alcoholic parents or living with an alcoholic family member have to grow up a little too fast for their age. They build up some coping mechanisms and often have to take on the roles that typically belong to the parental figures in society. Furthermore, they also become sensitive to what the people are feeling and have to have to adjust their role as needed, trying to protect others as well as themselves from the alcoholic parent or family member.

Chapter 14

Alcoholism is one of the least treated chronic diseases in the USA. Thus, a number of myths are commonplace in terms of their treatment, such as the fact that they need to seek help must come from within for an alcoholic. This statement could not be further than the truth. It is these myths that enable such behavior among alcoholics, keeping them from improving and also stops people from supporting them.

Chapter 15

While being addicted to alcohol is often hard for people that are actually addicted to alcohol, it is much worse when people have to live with an alcoholic that does not admit to having a problem in the first place. However, there is a way out of it, when the alcoholic seeks a way to relieve its issues and it has a supportive family to back them up. That is only when things can improve for the better.

Chapter 16

Letting go of alcohol is the toughest thing that an alcoholic has to do. Almost every single individual suffering from the issue finds it impossible to give up the habit and be resist the taste of another mouthful. Thus, they need to not only step in for their own care but also change the way they behave and how they operate.

Chapter 17

The right form of intervention is key to ensuring that the alcoholics realize what they are doing to themselves is wrong and change their ways for the better. Tests for alcoholism and seeing a doctor can help alcoholics come to terms with their affliction in a much better manner than an intervention by friends and family. Thus, the right form on intervention, motivation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can enable individuals to change themselves for the better a whole lot quicker.

Chapter 18

A loving and caring intervention, where an individual is reminded of the person that he used to be is one of the most effective means of intervention for an individual. It can help them realize how far they have come and how they can improve themselves for the better. This form of intervention needs to be carried out carefully and in a manner that changes things for the better for an alcoholic.

Chapter 19

Using the intervention method can make alcoholics quit their habit of drinking that caused trouble to them on almost every occasion. This method of intervention can be applied successfully to alcoholics since it has a simple pattern that an individual receives remarks about any of his habits that make him think of the negative consequences of his habit and try to seek help, which they will be open to accepting.

Chapter 20

Alcohol withdrawal can be an incredibly painful process for an alcoholic. Thus, it is vital that the people that associate with such an individual are there for both support and comfort. They need to be careful with their approach and should always be open to healing and motivating them for the better.

Chapter 21

While withdrawal is a hard process, the effort to stay sober is even harder for alcoholics. Given the number of temptations available around, there are a few measures that an alcoholic can certainly take to ensure that he or she stays on the path of rehabilitation. Here, intensive outpatient care, therapeutic care, and community help can be a step in the right direction.

Chapter 22

When addicts are too proud to ask for help, it is the duty of friends and family to support them and to convince them that there is no shame in choosing to get help. Addition, whether it is pills or alcohol, can cause things to deteriorate quickly in all aspects of life. Thus, finding any way to change for the better is important.

Chapter 23

It is important for recovering alcoholics to stay on their path. If they move even an inch to the side, returning to where they once were will be incredibly difficult. Thus, it is vital that these units in society are looked after in an appropriate manner and in a way that they can move towards a better phase in life.

Chapter 24

Family plays an intrinsic role in rehabilitating an alcoholic. They give the alcoholic the support needed to change their life for the better and stand with them during the emotional turmoil and trauma. It is family alone that motivates them to find ways to look after themselves and change for the better.

Chapter 25

An alcoholic not only needs to change for the better, but he or she also needs to keep themselves from relapsing into behaviors they know relatively well. Thus, it is vital they follow the steps and the training they have been given to keep themselves from being tempted. Getting clean after relapsing is harder the second time around.

Chapter 26

Life is short for an alcoholic that never stops drinking. They will continue to deteriorate for the worse and nothing that they can say or do will prevent them from going into a downward spiral that they cannot release themselves from. Here, family members and friends need to show their displeasure with the scenario and show how their behavior is only hurting them alone.

Chapter 27

Sometimes a person alone cannot do much. It needs an entire community of individuals so that alcoholics could change for the better. This helps them drink more responsibly and keep from falling into the trap of addictive behavior. It also gives them the people to turn to if and when they need help.

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May 29, 2019

King Lear as a tragic hero

Shakespeare’s play "King Lear" deals with the tragic hero who ends in destruction and downfall. King Lear plays the character of Britain's ruler while the writer has captured the period of the eighth century. The old man throughout the play is surrounded by grave duties for the protection of his land and people. The suffering of the ruler remains visible that leads to confusion and his death. The king plays the role of a protagonist who is a victim of his false proclamations of devotion. He is outraged to explore that his power is challenged by the giving throne to Goneril and Regan. His error of decision relinquishes his own power by putting the land into jeopardy. Anagnorisis becomes discernible as the king identifies his flaws by experiencing the outcome of the decision.

Lear's anagnorisis remains visible as he suffers the repercussions of wrong judgment. Anagnorisis is a literary term that explains the life of Lear stating that “the point in the plot especially of a tragedy at which the protagonist recognizes his or her or some other character's true identity or discovers the true nature of his or her own situation” CITATION Mer191 \l 1033 (Merriam). He fails to foresee the implications of his own choice until he encounters demise and humiliation. The first humiliating instance is when Goneril orders him to discharge half of his servants. He is also disrespected by Regan and Cornwell against his expectations. The mistreatment received by Lear shows his anagnorisis. Such encounters allow the kind to witness the true nature of his own situations. The worst part of the tragedy is that Lear crafts his bad fortune by making wrong choices. The two evil sisters unite in scene IV to take the power from their father. His decisions cause him to witness betrayal and rejection. However, he decided to leave his daughters and preferred to live without shelter. The anagnorisis becomes more discernible as the king loses all his power and is no longer capable of commanding his people.

Lear realizes his mistake and foolishness that causes him to realize his tragic situation. The tragedy was not natural for Lear because he remained the controller of his life. The tragedy is defined as "a serious drama typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force (such as destiny) and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that elicits pity or terror” CITATION Mer19 \l 1033 (Merriam). This reflects the role of anagnorisis remains dominant throughout the play. The decision made by the king brings him to a state of regret but he is unable to change his fate. He lacks the power to recreate or change his reality because he no longer serves the leader of the land. He expresses regret on his wrong decision of betraying his only loyal daughter Cordelia. The transformation from being rich to poor reflects anagnorisis in the play. Lear had the highest power because he enjoys the status of the king. The analysis of the play reveals that power varies among people of society depending on their wealth and status. Lear's status is visible in the way he maintains influence over the people. His orders are never declined because people are bound to obey the king. On becoming king, Lear earns the same power and status. This reflects the link between wealth and status. His high rank allows him to abuse the power of highness. King Lear metaphors that the rich are capable of breaking the lance of justice by their power and richness while the poor lack power. There is a clear distinction between the rich and the poor as the later appears in rags and tattered clothing. The tragedy of the king is discernible in the comparison of his initial state and the transformed one. Errors of his decisions cause his downfall becoming apparent in his tattered condition when he is without shelter.

The king had significant power and remains the most prominent character in the play. His power convinced people to follow his rules and stay loyal to him. However, his power has obstacle him from seeing the challenges. He is so obsessed with his position that he ignores the risks that caused his demise later. His flawed decisions depict his inability of identifying the risks that bring his destruction later. Anagnorisis is a state of realization of his wrong decisions when he lacked power and status. The transformation of Lear’s position makes him realize the role of statuses. His encounter with a poor boy Edgar convinced him to believe that all humans are equal. State of regret is apparent as he mentions, “the weight of this sad time we must obey, speak what we feel, not what we ought to say. The oldest hath borne most: we that are young shall never see so much, nor live so long” CITATION Wil06 \l 1033 (Shakespeare). Lear on becoming poor witness his reality that no one is going to live powerful forever. The status of human beings change constantly and they are the victim of their own choices. He only manages to see the reality of the poor when he himself searches for shelter.

The powerless state of Lear transmits the themes of tragedy and anagnorisis. His failure in recognizing the outcomes of his actions leads to his ultimate demise. In Act IV, his imperfections again become apparent as Cordelia, king's banished daughter returns to rescue him. This proves the flaws of Lear's decision because he had treated her unfairly in the past. He against realizing his mistake by drawing a comparison of Cordelia's behaviour with his other daughters. This is also a state of anagnorisis as the king regrets his decision of treating Cordelia with disrespect by banishing her from the land. The tragedy is visible because the king realizes his foolishness. Irrespective of his realization he is unable to undo his errors. This is the worst tragedy of the king because his time has changed and in his powerless position, he lacks authority to do anything. The character of Cordelia also allows Lear to realize how he had chosen evilness over virtue during his reign. He made the wrong choice by betraying his loyal daughter who later emerges to offer him help CITATION Wil22 \l 1033 (Tamblyn).

King Lear plays the character of a tragic hero who is entrapped into a situation of demise and downfall due to his own choices. Anagnorisis is visible throughout the play and becomes discernible when the king realizes his mistake. Irrespective of his realization there is no possibility of changing the reality because he is the designer of his bad future. The failure of Lear to recognize his loyal daughter also reflects his imperfections and flaws. His obsession with status and wealth convinces him to take a wrong decision of banishing his daughter, Cordelia that later brings his destruction. Similarly, tragedy is also apparent in his flawed decision of giving the throne to his unfaithful daughters who later treats him with disrespect. The humiliation experienced by Lear also reflects tragedy because it is the outcome of his personal choice.

Work Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY King Lear. By William Shakespeare. 1606.

Merriam. Anagnorisis. 2019. 29 05 2019 <https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anagnorisis>.

Tragedy. 2019. 29 05 2019 <https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tragedy>.

Tamblyn, William Ferguson. "Tragedy in "King Lear" ." The Sewanee Review 30.1 (1922): 63-77.

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Art 101

19 November 2018

Did you identify the author’s main argument?

Ans. Yes, I have identified the author's main argument.

Did you use attributive tags?

Ans. Yes, I have used attributive tag in the last paragraph of my summary.

Did you include the author’s full name and the article title?

Ans. No, I have only mentioned the author’s last name and included full article title.

Did you include at least 3 supporting points the author used to help develop their main point?

Ans. Yes, I have included 3 supporting points that the author used to help develop their main point.

Draft of three statements:

The topic is about Trump's radicalization and the effects of immigrants.

The purpose is to highlight the new policy of immigrants and how it is negatively affecting the immigrants.

The thesis statement of the summary is, Trump's administration is "zero tolerant" toward immigration. However, the task given to ICE is to expel undocumented immigrants from US.

Response to the Article:

The article "How Trump Radicalized ICE; A long-running inferiority complex, vast statutory power, a chilling new directive from top-inside America's unfolding immigration tragedy” highlights the difficulties that immigrants face. The author of the article starts his article by stating the story of an immigrant. He states that the immigrants throughout history face difficulties. They were either raped or enslaved in the migrated country. In order to give weight to his argument that he wants to raise in the article, the author added an example of an immigrant from Mauritania West Africa. He writes about how, due to nationalism and differences, immigrants face torture. He then comes to the main point of his discussion, and that is the policy made for American immigrants. Living in the Modern World, people should be given the right to live. The policy shows the backward thinking of the government, living in the modern era. It is a serious matter which author highlights because it is also affecting those people who are legally migrated to the country.

Answers to the Question from Teacher:

The main idea that Foer wants us to understand about Trump's effect on an immigrant is that the policy of American immigrants is not only affecting illegal immigrants, but it is also affecting legal immigrants. It is a serious issue that needs to be addressed globally.

The depiction of the policy of American immigrants and the difficulties that legal immigrants face, helps to develop the main idea.

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Technology Turing People into Zombies

Science and technology have a pronounced impact on human life as their initiation. A lot of technical progressions have been going on day by day, and which obviously has its impact on an individual's lifestyles. Technology has unquestionably made a profound influence on the running of the domain. It headed to constructive modifications, yet, technology has its particular part of adverse influences. A lot of people use technical devices every day for numerous purposes, as I am using right now to write the essay. Technological devices assist us during our everyday lives and lacking them, life would be much altered. Nevertheless, many times we can use them a bit excessively, sufficient to make us hooked to them. No doubt that technology has made our lives easier but the adverse effects of it cannot be denied. The abuse of technology is what originates the problems. This excessive usage of technology has turned the people into zombies.

From the time when smartphones were presented, the usage of technology has transformed enormously. Today, it is obviously far and wide you go that numerous individuals have turn into unsocial from ‘social media’. On community conveyance, one can see that nearly every person is on their phones, either texting or playing games; this has made the people become unsociable. In actual fact, 90% of all grownups have their mobile phones in arms reach of them all the time. Out of the populace of 7 billion individuals in the whole biosphere, 4 billion of them have mobile phones. The excellence of ‘family time’ has altered nowadays. We talk to the people sitting next to us through texts on mobile phones. It has triggered damage to straight communication among folks. Texting to acknowledge, greet or invite on special events has become ordinary.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs), for the most part, the internet, and internet‐empowered devices, have speedily turned to essential to teenagers' lives in developed states ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dF6ZXF0l","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Technology\\uc0\\u8208{}Related Sexual Solicitation of Adolescents: A Review of Prevention Efforts - Wurtele - 2016 - Child Abuse Review - Wiley Online Library})","plainCitation":"(Technology‐Related Sexual Solicitation of Adolescents: A Review of Prevention Efforts - Wurtele - 2016 - Child Abuse Review - Wiley Online Library)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CyMh1xNF/items/SLU4MQJH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CyMh1xNF/items/SLU4MQJH"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"Technology‐Related Sexual Solicitation of Adolescents: A Review of Prevention Efforts - Wurtele - 2016 - Child Abuse Review - Wiley Online Library","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/car.2445","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,26]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Technology‐Related Sexual Solicitation of Adolescents: A Review of Prevention Efforts). We have become sluggish, we are not into the open-air activities and any disease attacks us actually fast. Technology is taking command of our lives as an obsession. We no further have the aptitude to reflect imaginatively as we chastely depend on the digital books for the material. For study or assignments, we hinge on the internet, sometimes even lifting data seeing it be precise, not grasping, that a lot of data on the internet is user-generated, the genuineness cannot at all times be definite. The drift has affected our capacity to understand and process data.

Technology is making people unhealthy and sloth. Folks, particularly youngsters, are becoming cumbersome as they are not working out sufficient because of the fact that they are on their mobiles or PCs. This can head further to numerous sicknesses far ahead in a lifetime for example diabetes and cancer. Sleeping habits have changed due to the excessive use of smartphones. It triggers the digestion problems and that leads to diseases like diabetes, and obesity, etc. Many forms of technology, make persons sit for a lot of time of their day. This continuous sitting could be just as hazardous to an individual's well-being as smoking could be. Steadily using technology can head to hand, wrist, and forearm pain, lead to communal segregation, and may even be a backing aspect to the development of depression-like indications. We keep an eye on our phone during walking, eating, drinking, driving. We are enthralled by their enchantment. This unrestrained influence appears on forthcoming more rather than lessening.

Technology is affluent, and keeping pace with the up-to-date drifts is virtually difficult for somebody who isn’t in the higher class. This has instigated a chief societal gulf between the populace of people who can and cannot manage to pay for these technologies. The more that technology progresses, the quicker novel and more effective varieties are designed. This is an issue since you may well have the latest and finest piece of technology, but it will turn out to be outdated in very petite time. It is triggering our land to be replete with no longer used computers, cell phones, and other things that are destructive to the environs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"bv57hLwk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ayres)","plainCitation":"(Ayres)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":52,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CyMh1xNF/items/GW3ZXKJM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/CyMh1xNF/items/GW3ZXKJM"],"itemData":{"id":52,"type":"post-weblog","title":"12 Pros and Cons of Technology","abstract":"Since the beginning the time, humanity has used technology to make life better in some","URL":"https://vittana.org/12-pros-and-cons-of-technology","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Ayres","given":"Crystal"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,26]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ayres).

Hackers can use the internet to take private data. If civilization were to always turn out to be nonexistent, there is a decent chance that technology would deliver a necessary backing. a research’s results exhibited that more than 26 percent of adolescents in a relationship said they had to face some of the other types of computer-generated dating exploitation harassment in the previous year (Zweig, Janine M., et al. 2013). One who feels lower and insufficient inclines to act with nervousness in his romantic relationships. To cool his anxiety or uncertainty he or she may narrate through a blog or social network (Internet use and abuse among Greek adolescents: Τhe effect of feelings of inadequacy mediated by the quality of romantic relationships in adolescent bloggers and social network users). If you need to catch on a lot of private data about somebody, the technology of the internet can aid your requirements rather efficiently. Some websites let you go in a phone number, search for a business, or discover a being using open accounts. Flatterers can place all of your social media feeds on top of one folio for anyone to evaluate the whole thing you’ve ever displayed. The conservative knowledge is that, as some individuals still do not have access to email and the Internet, such facts gathering techniques may frequently consequence in an illustration of respondents that is not archetypal of the anticipated populace (Online surveys in marketing research: Pros and cons).

Technology can be "good" or "bad" grounded on the way it is used. The invention has headed to unbelievably disparaging, world-altering armaments with nuclear, fissile, and hydrogen bombs. No doubt that technology has improved the lives of the people in a lot of ways. It has made their lives easier and smoother. Fast communication, conveyance, and to fetch data, technology plays a very important role and that cannot be denied. The use of technology is not wholly be taken as wrong. If we eradicate it from our life, we can no longer enjoy the facilities that it has provided to us.

Technology has its advantages as well as disadvantages but the excessive use of it has turned the people into technological zombies. People have become more social online and more lonely in real life. The quality family time has reduced and the face to face interaction of people has reduced. To keep a balance in our lives we need to decide the time that we want to spend with our tech-toys (PCs, Mobile phones), and with nature. Only the balance can prevent us from turning into tech-zombies.

Works Cited

Ilieva, Janet, Steve Baron, and Nigel M. Healey. "Online surveys in marketing research: Pros and cons." International Journal of Market Research 44.3 (2002): 361-376.

Zweig, Janine M., et al. "Technology, teen dating violence and abuse, and bullying." Washington, DC: Urban Institute (2013).

Wurtele, Sandy K., and Maureen C. Kenny. "Technology‐Related Sexual Solicitation of Adolescents: A Review of Prevention Efforts." Child abuse review 25.5 (2016): 332-344.

Stavropoulos, Vassilis, and Frosso Motti-Stefanidi. "Internet use and abuse among Greek adolescents: Τhe effect of feelings of inadequacy mediated by the quality of romantic relationships in adolescent bloggers and social network users." (2016).

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayres, Crystal. 12 Pros and Cons of Technology. https://vittana.org/12-pros-and-cons-of-technology. Accessed 26 Apr. 2019.

Technology‐Related Sexual Solicitation of Adolescents: A Review of Prevention Efforts - Wurtele - 2016 - Child Abuse Review - Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/car.2445. Accessed 26 Apr. 2019.

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Horror love story

Ego is such a terrific thing. No matter how times you’re ignored, there is just one person you will never stop thinking about. She was everything to me and that will never change even if she scared me to death. When I think of not being with her or not being able to explain things to her I feel terrible. I am not a ghost and I don’t want to be one. But you wait for something for too long and it is not coming. You start thinking of venturing into her heart and only being a ghost can give you that chance. I have thought about appearing to her in the middle of the night, standing next to her bed to watch over just let her know what I feel about.

Anytime I go to bed at night I venture into the world of wilderness. I feel her clawing my chest asking me what I think about her. My body gets cold and tiredness rollover my entire body that I cannot raise my hand up or open my mouth to say a word. I cried for pain and she watches over me with sadness on her face. As I regain my conscious she starts to walk away and suddenly disappear between the walls as I watch without uttering any word. That is the pain of loving someone and you can’t get an opportunity to tell her how you feel about her. But when I think of her words, I become happy convincing myself that one day, I shall be together.

However, one day as I was walking down the street, I saw her coming in my direction lovely dressed and beautiful as usually. I convinced my conscious that the day has come but before I could say any word she disappeared from the vicinity. I was left shocked and I found myself bleeding from the neck, a fresh wound. She had just bitten me on my neck. I thought like running away but the power of love kept me looking around to get hold of her. When I spotted her again, she was with other three well-built men and a female and all of them having long tails, sharp and pointed teeth and all of them were moaning. It was the end of me and I started to imagine how the power of love has brought end me closer than I expected. I could not run because of the fear of the ghost and I left myself on their mercy.

She got closer to me and gently asked me to hold her. With fear over my face and tears of joy on my check, I held her and she told me that she loves me and she has known this from the first time we encountered. Joy and happiness covered my face and as I moved closer to kiss her I heard a knock on my door and the sound of my sister. It was morning and time to prepare for school.

.Discuss Jonson’s Treatment Of Social Class In “To Penshurst.”

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Social Classes

Jonson's poem written in the 17th century about Penshurst, initially the countryside had fewer buildings and not occupied, but later more buildings and construction activities took place. The large houses indicated great wealth and provided the country people with a city lifestyle full of stunning beauty and admiration from the other people (Coiro, 3). As a result of this development, the countryside owned by rich people represented the ruling class. Jonson describes the people living in the country houses as the power class. Because people who lived in those houses must possess supremacy or where creating an attempt to own it. The people who lived here worked for the property owner, who was also the sovereign of the community. The poem comprises the narrative of the country houses and the surrounding activities, which include pastoralism and cultivation, highly praised. The essay discusses the different social classes in country houses in Penshurst.

Penshurst was a great place, and the country house poem was written to praise the home. Having lived in an area for a long time, one develops an affection for the place after enduring a lot and overcoming challenges while in that place. Naturally, people celebrate the places they have lived in despite how ordinary and local they are (Coiro, 18). In the middle of praise of modesty, fair, and traditional culture of the Penshurst, they were resulting in development, which brought a lot of technology in the country houses. The people growth started from the gentry class to the middle classes and finally to the working classes. Johnson identified a social problem that emerged as a result of the anew wealthy class.

The excellent house class, the class, had everything in the community, even the natural resources. Johnson uses hyperbole to describe the connection between the environment and the great houses. On the surrounding the wood named after the Sidney family, the image serves, the riverbanks full of rabbits, rivers, and ponds full of fish and meadows who worked on the farms and delivered food for the cattle's. Everything arranged in descending order, and this called for an expensive celebration. The meaning of this natural order helps us understand that: just as the livestock's sacrifice their lives to serve the Penshurst, the law required some sacrifices and pain from some people to fulfill the interest of the great house. Additionally, the great houses enforced some limit upon others' ambitions making sure that they give up and will never rise to their standards.

The governing class, Johnson uses a metaphor to describe the ruling class. The social order included the servants and peasants and was regarded to have a place in the order. However, they had their appropriate homes and could not be involved in the matters of policy-making or governing in the community. Their position was in the farms and to serve the ruling class to the end. They are highly disrespected and cannot even complain about their rights. Their roles were clearly defined, and therefore they were involved in creating a fair order image for the Penshurst.

The tradition class, Johnson, brings out the capability of the community to continue with time. He expresses his concerns by illustrating the society which works so hard to pass on its character to the next generation .children taught how to pray, how to practice the Christian religion and material relationship with the moral concept of the life of men. The teaching was meant to bring the whole household together and build a fruitful generation. Johnson uses irony to explain the real situation of these teachings. The culture manners or lessons as a whole were for the people of the higher class and meant for separating them from the other courses. The learning was also a method applied to allow the passage of leadership from one family generation to the other. It not entirely based on traditions. It was a method of ensuring that those born and raised in wealthy families continue to be prosperous while those born in low-income families, marry in low-income families, and continues to work for wealthy families. Besides, the teachings were done to teach the lower level on how to serve them more upper class and maintain boundaries.

The dominant class constitutes the people in power. Johnson describes their love for politics and economy, which led to fights and killing in the struggle for power. Over the years, the community has fought to overpower, which is related to wealth and respect. The rulers did not help the less privileged in the city, but instead, they made themselves richer. They pretend to care for the oppressed, but the irony is that they are taking advantage of associating with them so that they can gain more political sympathy. The increase publication will give them more public attention, which will help promote their political position in society — resulting in a better and higher power position in the county house.

Gender class was one of the social course, according to Johnson. Men were viewed to be superior to women and would hold the highest position in the community. Women regarded as weak, and they stayed at home to serve the men's. They were not allowed to take any part in decision making in the community, and they did not hold any political position. Women's actions highly monitored and forbidden from interacting with the high class. For instance, the waiters should not desire the ruling class from the Sidney household with greed because the two are from different social levels and will never be together. Also, the great housewife Lady Sidney had to ensure that meals were set on time for the king to take when he arrives from hunting, and she had to have her linen, plate, and all things not in a room but dressed like she is expecting a guest.

 Educated class, Johnson was concerned with the problem of education. Penshurst constituted of people who were greedy in gaining wealth and therefore connected by this one reason. He distinguishes between teaching the culture and having information about customs. On the 102 lines page 30, there is no regularity produced, and he relates this to Penshurst. He says that the bullocks and calves ensure that they feed just like Penshurst since it has accommodated numerous ordered and governing generations (Coiro, 33). The educated class criticized the establishment of ethical and communal orders of the seventeen-century traditions that prevented the community from adopting the immoral characters from the developing world. The considered the old as unskilled and describe them as enemies of order traditions. The people from the higher class received quality education but not for the use of the community but personal gains. 

In conclusion, the social classes contained in the poem are subtle. The types involve hidden discrimination between the haves and the have not. Johnson has not criticized social classes directly because that's the rule of the poet. Therefore irony, metaphor, and hyperbole are his most valuable tools. From the poem, we learn that nature responds to the will and needs of human beings, and the delivery attained quickly. The scenario represents a contradiction to what we know about day to day activities, which is abnormal. The poem was written to compliment the county houses, but we perceive a strong sense of criticism.

Work Cited

Coiro, Ann Baynes. "Writing in service: sexual politics and class position in the poetry of Aemilia Lanyer and Ben Jonson." Criticism 35.3 (1993): 357-376.

.Ethical Argument

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Introduction

Judges usually play a major role in making a decision in courtrooms. The profession of the judges is sensitive to one since of the possible alternatives to the defendant. Judges, therefore, have a right to make a judgment based on their point of view (Alfini et al 90). However, in making decisions in courts, judges always do not decide on the fate of the defendants based on personal opinions. This is because judges like any other profession, they are guided by a code of ethics in their profession that requires them to be neutral in exercising their duties. Judges are their profession should, therefore, not be guided by certain opinions to the cases that are brought to the court by the plaintiff. The existence of personal opinion amongst the judges towards certain defendants will lead to unethical consideration of the cases in court (Allely, Clare and Penny 110). This paper is written to illustrate that judges should not sentence anyone due to their opinion because they wouldn’t be doing their job correctly, and it would be unlawful for them to commit such an act.

Personal Opinions of Judges to Defendant

           Judges are required not to develop any attitude or beliefs towards the defendant due to the following reasons. For example, a negative attitude towards the defendant will lead to a negative decision being made in court cases by the judges. This will, in turn, lead to wrong judgment being made defendant (Joy 23). In accordance with the ethics, the decision will be morally wrong because it will not act a fair act by the court. Also, by the development of a negative attitude towards a given defendant, judges will make harsh judgments to the defendant, which are not worth thus acting unprofessionally. Besides, a positive opinion by the judges is will lead to the making judgment that is in favor of the defendant (Alfini et al 90). It is ethically wrong for judges to act in favor of one said, and thus, they are required to be fair in both the case of the plaintiff and the defendant. Therefore, an opinion held by judges affects their decision made along with their profession, which unethical.

Works Cited

Alfini, James J., et al. Judicial Conduct and Ethics. LexisNexis, 2018.

Allely, Clare S., and Penny Cooper. "Jurors’ and judges’ evaluation of defendants with autism and the impact on sentencing: A systematic Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) review of autism spectrum disorder in the courtroom." Journal of law and medicine 25.1 (2017): 105-123.

Joy, Peter A. "Lawyers serving as judges, prosecutors, and defense lawyers at the same time: legal ethics and municipal courts." Wash. UJL & Pol'y 51 (2016): 23.

.Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution

Fanta Kaba

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Story of the Mexican Revolution by four murals

The Mexican Revolution

Before we take a look at the murals about the subject, it is vital to have some background knowledge about the Mexican Revolution. This political power struggle was not due to a set of predefined ideals, rather they were based on an uncertain balance of power between the peasants and the influencers of foreign capital, as a communist intellectual Bertram D. Wolfe puts it.

If we take a look at the Mural called History of Mexico: From the Conquest to the Future. Diego Rivera painted this mural between 1929 and 1935. Many notorious scholars of Mexican Art often depict this mural as the story of the Mexican people from Aztec times to the point where they overthrew that colonial masters from 1521. This mural has considered epic due to its historical reach. Some have gone when far to equate the mural to the ceiling frescoes painted in the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo.

Another iconic mural that depicts the story of the struggles of the Mexican people is History of Mexico: From the Conquest to the Present. A significant section of the mural tells the story of the famous peasant leader Zapata, who was the key figure in the Mexican Revolution. This mural is also a blend of the native history of the Mexicans blended with symbolism that lashed out at their colonial masters. In one of the sections of the mural, we can see the mythological figure of Quetzalcoatl, a title that is often attributed to a Spanish General Cortez, who was the first general to siege Aztec cities and cease enormous amounts of gold from the Ancient Aztecs. The "enemy" of the Mexican People has been depicted by the deity to incite willingness among the populace to aid their forces in battle.

Some murals have a direct resemblance to the situations developed during the revolution. In the mural called Liberation of the Peon, Rivera tries to convey the story of corporal punishment before the days of the revolution. In the mural, it can seem that a laborer is beaten badly and left to die, who is later rescued by the soldiers participating in the revolution to tend to the injured man. This mural is the direct reference to a system developed in the Spanish days of rule in Mexico. This system called Peonage forced the local Mexican population to work in their lands possessed by their Spanish masters. The interesting difference in this mural is that there are Christian symbols drawn instead of the traditional Meso-Aztec ones, which were commonly used in the previous murals.

Another mural that shows the situation at the time of the Revolution is called The Sugar Refines. In this mural, the basic tenant of colonialization in the Americas is shown, which is slave labor. This was perhaps the central reason that incited all the revolutions in the Americas in the first place. This may be the depiction of the cruelty that was experienced by the local Mexican peasantry that groomed leaders like Zapata and Villa in the first place.

To conclude, the murals of Diego Rivera are the complete slideshow of all the ideas and events that have contributed to the period leading to the Mexican Revolution. From creating a historical pride to inciting the passion to fight the Spanish, the murals did everything to make sure that the Mexican fought their oppressors and come out on top for the world to see and admire.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Lewisohn, S. A. (1935). Mexican Murals and Diego Rivera. 11-12.

"Art And The Mexican Revolution". Openlearn, 2020, https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/art-and-the-mexican-revolution/content-section-6. Accessed 23 Jan 2020.

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English

Introduction

Some individuals may have several stories about computer anxiety and its symptoms for which teachers are looking for. It is important to emphasize emotions of anxiety, its causes, and motivation to overcome this anxiety, relevance, and coping strategies to cope with computer anxiety. When people suffer from anxiety, then there are likely chances that anxiety may facilitate their performances ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"I8TwTKbP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schwarzer)","plainCitation":"(Schwarzer)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1609,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/F4CLBVNQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/F4CLBVNQ"],"itemData":{"id":1609,"type":"book","title":"Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation","publisher":"Psychology Press","ISBN":"1-134-92582-4","author":[{"family":"Schwarzer","given":"Ralf"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schwarzer). This can be true in the case of students who have computer anxiety, and this can help improve their performances. A student can show better performances from slow to moderate; however, there are likely chances for the individuals that there will be a decrease in performances with low abilities (Gaudry and Spielberger). For students, a moderate level of anxiety can be helpful in a way that anxiety will help them to show their interest in their activities. While low levels of anxiety may lead individuals towards apathetic behaviors. This paper will discuss the high negative anxiety that generally indicates boredom. It is also harder to overcome and put effort into better performances. Whereas, higher levels of anxiety may contribute to getting possible solutions, and determine some factors behind anxiety.

Symptoms of computer anxiety

Anxiety, frustration, irritation are being associated with the negative feelings of anxiety, and these negative feelings may lead individuals to panic in certain situations. Some of the physical symptoms for anxiety may include cold and sweaty, sweaty hands, digestion problems, higher rates of heartbeats, and disorders in sleeping patterns. Anxiety may also lead people to feel embarrassed and get disappointed by their failures. However, teachers identify some of the warning signs of anxiety that may include glazed eyes, improper postures, and absent-mindedness. An awareness about anxiety by teachers may help students to overcome it and help them to avoid certain uncomfortable situations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"IdI9anBC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Buxton)","plainCitation":"(Buxton)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1608,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/IN393MBT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/IN393MBT"],"itemData":{"id":1608,"type":"book","title":"Do You Panic about Maths?: Coping with Maths Anxiety","publisher":"Heinemann Educational","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=8szaAAAAMAAJ","ISBN":"978-0-435-50101-3","author":[{"family":"Buxton","given":"L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1981"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Buxton). Anxiety is associated with two states of mind. The first one is, “chaos in the mind” in which an individual feels frenzy, or turbulent, and faces troubles in decision making. The second one is more common among people, and this is the “freezing up” state. In this state, individuals get feelings of paralysis, and they feel like their minds have been locked. A teacher may help students to overcome this state of mind by subjecting them to solve problems, rather than engaging them in reception learning. Reception learning may help memorize the lines as actors do, but one of the drawbacks of this type of learning is that, if an individual forgets lines, then there are likely chances that he or she may get panic. However, they can learn with the help of themes of the play, in case, if they forget their lines.

These learning methodologies can be applied to every field, including computer studies in which students are subjected to solve problems with the help of computer studies. For example, students learning about spreadsheets and databases from a textbook as compared with the learning methods that involve computer applications. Practical implementation of knowledge, solving problems, and learning may help students to improve their performances and adopt coping techniques. Another example in computer studies and communication topics may be learning about the internet world, the World Wide Web from the texts, teachers, and media. The second method may be conducive learning form the surroundings and environment. However, it is unfortunate that students are limited to teachers, books, and they are not allowed to learn practically with the help of the internet. The reason behind not allowing them may be a lack of funding in their schools.

Causes of computer anxiety

Failure in creating a clear understanding sometimes leads students towards feelings of anxiety that may include irritation, frustration, and bewilderment. For example, in computer studies, students sometimes do not understand computing systems, then they start getting frustrated, and they start having feelings of failure. Lack of understanding may also lead them to the general state of disorientation, but anxiety may help create a better understanding related to their subjects. One of the causes of computer anxiety among students may be experiencing disappointments when they lack problem-solving abilities. Fear may be another cause, leading computer students toward anxiety. To overcome the fear of the unknown in computer studies, a student may gain his or her experience in the same field. When an individual suffers from anxiety, then his or her emotions are encompassed with other feelings and emotions. There are likely chances that a teacher may help the student, but there are also chances that a teacher may not be able to help the cognitive changes. Not being able to resolve anxiety through cognitive means is a problem for teachers. However, other stages that teacher may follow is to identify the causes of anxiety among students.

For students, one of the main causes of computer anxiety maybe the pressure imposed on them. According to Buxton, teachers tend to put more pressure on students by limiting them to certain conditions, and they impose urgency. They emphasize students to complete their syllabus, tasks and prepare for their exams, that is a way to create urgency (Buxton). Awareness about time sometimes creates anxiety and prevents a student from thinking with a relaxed mind. This also hinders the process of learning problem-solving skills and subjects students to remember things for a shorter time. Those who are new to computer studies, for them, this may be overwhelming, and the level of anxiety evoked by computer may be conventional ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qomkKD2q","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sieber et al.)","plainCitation":"(Sieber et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1610,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2IWG9GY5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2IWG9GY5"],"itemData":{"id":1610,"type":"book","title":"Anxiety, learning, and instruction","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-136-55920-5","author":[{"family":"Sieber","given":"Joan E."},{"family":"O'Neil Jr","given":"Harold F."},{"family":"Tobias","given":"Sigmund"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sieber et al.).

Parents and authoritative figures as negative roles

Considering parents as a source of anxiety among computer students it is important to focus on the pressures that teachers exert on students. The first one is a structural authority that is derived from the positions or role of being a teacher. Septennial authority is another one that is enforced over students, because of superiority in knowledge about particular subjects, so that they can be referred to as the authority on a particular subject. The last one is personal authority, which includes qualities of independence and strength as adults. Negative feelings among students are generated because of these three forms of authorities that are imposed by the teachers. These may also result in conflicts between the relationship between a teacher and a student. There are also chances that students may be judged by teachers in their classrooms. Parental influence over children may also result in higher levels of anxiety.

Parental influence may include attitudes and behaviors that are passed over their children. Parents having lesser knowledge about computer studies may hinder the learning processes of their children. Young people are slightly less likely to be anxious in comparison with old users (Delveccio). Children have more opportunities to use computers compared to their parents, and perhaps this has more to do with experience and knowledge, which is gained with age. Unfamiliarity with computer terminals can cause an increase in anxiety ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qomkKD2q","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sieber et al.)","plainCitation":"(Sieber et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1610,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2IWG9GY5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2IWG9GY5"],"itemData":{"id":1610,"type":"book","title":"Anxiety, learning, and instruction","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-136-55920-5","author":[{"family":"Sieber","given":"Joan E."},{"family":"O'Neil Jr","given":"Harold F."},{"family":"Tobias","given":"Sigmund"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sieber et al.). Statements by the authoritative figures, which emphasize the importance of good performance, tend to cause anxiety, which is a disadvantage for students with high-anxiety ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"OlzKl4gi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gaudry and Spielberger)","plainCitation":"(Gaudry and Spielberger)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1611,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/9AIUWRPS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/9AIUWRPS"],"itemData":{"id":1611,"type":"book","title":"Anxiety and educational achievement","publisher":"J. Wiley & Sons Australasia","author":[{"family":"Gaudry","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Spielberger","given":"Charles Donald"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1971"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gaudry and Spielberger). Such comments can be taken as a compliment by students with no anxiety, but students with high-anxiety are not able to deal with these statements. A low performance among students with high-anxiety is relatively caused due to high performance appreciating comments by the authoritative figures. Feelings of anxiety are induced when students feel like a foolish in public (Dossel).

Impacts on students

Assessment is one of the forms of judging students. In particular to exams, arranging test items in increasing order of difficulty facilitates anxiety that results in low performances of students. With the shift in time, exams have caused stress, and it has subjected students to assume that they will be judged, especially in the Higher School Certificate, where many students compete with each other. Competition also exhilarates success with reasonable chances (Dossel). Students need to learn how to deal with competition, and self-confidence may help them to develop their confidence (Dossel). Another way to achieve confidence is to provide success experiences to students during their early stages of the course, and this will assist students to perceive success with optimism ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"rn2sV9MB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schwarzer)","plainCitation":"(Schwarzer)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1609,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/F4CLBVNQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/F4CLBVNQ"],"itemData":{"id":1609,"type":"book","title":"Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation","publisher":"Psychology Press","ISBN":"1-134-92582-4","author":[{"family":"Schwarzer","given":"Ralf"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schwarzer). Rewards should be given to students to encourage them and enhance the processes of giving feedback on their work. Providing opportunities to comment on test items will improve performance of high anxious students ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gr8uM3EN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gaudry and Spielberger)","plainCitation":"(Gaudry and Spielberger)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1611,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/9AIUWRPS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/9AIUWRPS"],"itemData":{"id":1611,"type":"book","title":"Anxiety and educational achievement","publisher":"J. Wiley & Sons Australasia","author":[{"family":"Gaudry","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Spielberger","given":"Charles Donald"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1971"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gaudry and Spielberger)

Possible solutions to help computer students

In an article, "The Sydney Morning Herald: a study by Deakin University," it was stated that one in ten young people suffer from computer anxiety even though fifty percent of them had computers during the survey (Delveccio). It was also studied that, there are likely chances that people with computer experiences may not develop anxiety, whereas, this experience hselped them to overcome fear and anxiety. The study also highlighted the importance of human-computer interactions to be successful. There are four ways through which teachers want to excel students (Dossel).

Climate of the classroom: which includes communication skill development of students.

Feedback: performance of some students is provided in the form of performance and some of them are not provided with feedback.

Input: Intelligent students do not have to work hard when exposed to difficult situations that may be exams.

Output: Teachers modify environment as output.

To increasing responsiveness among students, greater opportunities are given to those who already possess quality skills ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3aDgH9yQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dossel)","plainCitation":"(Dossel)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1606,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/ZLT7K3H8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/ZLT7K3H8"],"itemData":{"id":1606,"type":"article-journal","title":"Maths Anxiety.","container-title":"Australian mathematics teacher","page":"4-8","volume":"49","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Dossel","given":"Steve"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1993"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dossel). This is perhaps for the reason that students want to comment on their work whereas struggling students would be less eager to discuss their work.

Conclusion

Strategies are important for learning processes of students, for example, students to use computers and the internet to overcome computer anxiety. A better environment in classrooms is one of the strategies, that enhances performances of students with high anxious anxiety and this can help them to overcome their anxiety. It will be productive if teachers will aware students, because they spend most of the time with their students, and they may help them to create a basic understanding of things. Computers are centers of working environments and schools need to allow and train students to use these computers to get over with anxiety. Allowing students to use computers is also important to train them for future, which demands technological skills. Computer skills possessed by the students will be an advantage for them, and they will be performing better when they will seek employment, while students with computer anxiety may not be able to benefit in the future. Teachers and parents may help their children and students to deal with computer anxiety. A teacher needs to consider these issues and help students by proposing possible solutions. They may adopt different methodologies in classroom environments to identify these problems. A conducive environment may help students to perform better and to be more effective in learning and gain computer experiences.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Buxton, L. Do You Panic about Maths?: Coping with Maths Anxiety. Heinemann Educational, 1981, https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=8szaAAAAMAAJ.

Delveccio, J. (1995). Anxiety affects all ages, Sydney Morning herald.

Dossel, Steve. “Maths Anxiety.” Australian Mathematics Teacher, vol. 49, no. 1, 1993, pp. 4–8.

Gaudry, Eric, and Charles Donald Spielberger. Anxiety and Educational Achievement. J. Wiley & Sons Australasia, 1971.

Schwarzer, Ralf. Self-Related Cognitions in Anxiety and Motivation. Psychology Press, 2013.

Sieber, Joan E., et al. Anxiety, Learning, and Instruction. Routledge, 2013.

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May 02, 2019

The reality of warnings in the advertisement is different

The harmful products including warnings for the consumers do not eliminate risky behaviours that depicts the need for strict parameters for its removal. Selling of harmful products with advertisements is not appropriate as it convinces viewers to buy products. They are insignificant as the purchase made by customers with complete knowledge of the risks, make them responsible for their action. Although the purpose of adding warnings in advertisements is to discourage consumers,but it does not eliminate the urge to purchasing harmful products. It is more effective to ban sales of harmful products for eliminating health consequences.

Warnings and side effects increase the sales of a product, adding warnings in advertisements will play an effective role in promoting harmful attitudes only. According to psychology warnings works to improve consumers opinions about the product. Ziv Carmon, a psychologist working for INSEAD in his article for Association of Psychological Sciences, identifies the negative impacts of the warnings displayed in advertisements. These warnings are impacted by temporal perspectives and ironically boosts the appeal of risky behaviour CITATION Ziv13 \l 1033 (Carmon). Warning messages inform the consumers about the potential side-effects that nudge them to act cautiously.

Backfire is the confirmed outcome of these advertisements. The warning of potential side effects does not discourage viewers due to their inability to perceiving the information rightly. The concept of backfire reflects how warnings play an adverse role in promoting the buying attitudes of consumers. Though harmful effects informs the audience about the potential health risks that could deteriorate consumers health on the consumption of alcohol but they act in the opposite manner. The scary images of the diseased such as liver cancer associated with excessive consumption of alcohol does not prevent the consumer's attitudes of purchasing it but motivate them to act cautiously CITATION Yae13 \l 1033 (Steinhart, Carmon and Trope).

Warnings with attractions create more fascination for the customers. The role of mechanism effect is minimal that fails to develop the sense of recognizing the harms of the product thus convincing audiences towards its consumption. The potential effect modifier develops from the advertisement risks that motivates viewers to purchase the product. Although warnings educate the viewers about the harms associated with the use of alcohol or drugs but it leads to informed decisions. Sellers of harmful products use the logic of informed decisions to free themselves from the guilt of selling unhealthy commodities. They claim that warnings carry information's for the consumers, as they are aware when they make purchases. Alcohol and drug warnings are insufficient to keep the audiences away from the purchase of harmful products. According to the claims, the consumer is the sole responsible entity in purchasing a drug or cigarette CITATION Sci13 \l 1033 (Science).

Warnings in advertisement allow viewers to overcome short-term fears. The claim identifies the practical implications of the advertisements with side effects. Viewers when seeing harmful effects such as the impact of excessive drug or alcohol use on human health will develop the strength to overcome fears. When a consumer views the same warnings over and over again in the advertisement the information becomes less significant in real sense. The intimidating response is timely that does not threaten individuals about the risks associated with the use of alcohol or drugs thus increasing their desire to purchase the product. The fear that a viewer exhibits on seeing warning signs for the first time is high. As the advertisement continues showing it, the fear becomes weaker and finally disappears. The argument states that the graphical message does not necessarily evoke the emotions of fear and intimidation that could eliminate the persuasion. The response mechanism explains how warnings provoke viewers to buy a product due to the displayed harms.

The warnings boost the viewers rather than detracting them from purchasing the product. The claim states that the audience is more likely to test the actual implications of products displayed on television with harmful impacts. The role of advertisements is not effective in controlling the desires or behaviors of the consumers. The power of the ad is limited and may not be sufficient to control the actions of consumers. Adding potential warnings remains ineffectual when viewers are previous consumers of the product. The claim further states that the ad becomes insignificant in controlling the decisions. Warnings act more negatively for the people who dare to take challenges and test the product.

The cognitive information allows viewers to stick to their prior perceptions when the advertisements challenge their beliefs through warnings. Warnings act more negatively for young people as when they challenge their habits of consumption they will act in an alternative manner. It is not possible for all viewers to assess the reality of the harmful impacts identified in the ad.

The ads of cigarette and alcohol that include warnings regarding harmful effects fail to prevent risky behaviors in audiences as it develops backfire. The response stimuli do not always act in favor of the ad. Irrespective of graphic warnings, three quarter of Americans were consuming alcohol in 2013. The consumption is high among minorities, older adults and women. 1 in every 10 adults drinks too much alcohol on a regular basis. Binge drinking is highest in North Dakota with excessive drinking rate of 24.7% among adults and alcohol-related driving deaths of 46.7%. In 2016 more over 15 in every 100 US adults smoked cigarettes. Over 16 million Americans are living with a smoking-related disease. The facts reveal that warnings in ads did not curtail the consumption of alcohol or tobacco.

Work Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Carmon, Ziv. Warning of Potential Side Effects of a Product Can Increase Its Sales. 2013. 02 05 2019 <https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/warning-of-potential-side-effects-of-a-product-can-increase-its-sales.html>.

Science. Warning of potential side effects of a product can increase its sales. 2013. 02 05 2019 <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924091808.htm>.

Steinhart, Yael, Ziv Carmon and Yaacov Trope. "Warnings of Adverse Side Effects Can Backfire Over Time ." Psychological Science 24.9 (2013).

1 Essay

1 Essay

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

1 Essay

Introduction

The world is full of opportunities for those who have will power and passion to do something, but choosing the right profession also becomes challenging sometimes. It is important to choose a profession that is harmonious to our nature and we know about that (Caforio, 1988). I have a personal inclination to become a soldier and I have basic knowledge about this field so I want to pursue my studies in a military school.

Body

I possess much information about what qualities a soldier should have and about military rules as well as armory. Apart from loving chivalrous games and activities, I am fascinated by the disciplined and prestigious lifestyle of military men. Malham Wakin claims in his book War, Morality, and the Military Profession that military has become more a profession of diplomats than a profession of cruel fighters as a wrong decision by one military man can push the whole world into the hell of a world war (Wakin, 1986). It is the responsibility of well-educated and morally trained people to join this profession. I have read an informative book on the subject of military ethics and arms details with the title An Army White Paper: The Profession of Arms. This book has enriched my knowledge about military ethics, skills, responsibilities, and weapons.

Moreover, I am a physically fit youngster and my grades reports reveal that I have a handsome grades history. I have a passion to learn about this profession and become a professional soldier who aspires to serve the country and humanity in the best ethical way.

Conclusion

I have good grades history and muscular physique which enable me to qualify to join the military school. Moreover, I have studied and learned a lot about the profession which demands well educated, well trained, and ethically aware people join this profession (Wolfendale, 2007). It is requested to allow me to join the school and strive to pursue my desired career.

References

Wakin, M. M. (1986). War, morality, and the military profession.

Caforio, G. (1988). The military profession: Theories of change. Armed Forces & Society, 15(1), 55-69.

Wolfendale, J. (2007). Torture and the military profession. Springer.

1)Dogs And Cat Or 2)Fast Food Chains And Fine Dine Restaurants

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Dogs and Cats

Introduction

Cats and dogs are considered to be the most popular animals in this world. Physically both these animals look very much identical and also have similar biology, but they are very different from each other. Dogs and cats both are considered to be a mammal, but their ancestors separated from the ancestral lineages hundreds of years ago. This essay briefly describes the similarities and differences between cats and dogs.

Discussion

There are several similarities between cats and dogs, and the most significant is to have instinct senses and friendly to humans which makes them reared for pets. They both need attention, affection, love, and care due to which they have an extremely friendly nature to live with human beings peacefully. Both of these animals have hairs on their bodies. They also have similar body plans with four legs, horizontal body posture, and long tails. Both of them clean their body by licking it. Moreover, there are many similar challenges the owner has to face while keeping both these animals as a pet. As their faces are covered with fur which can lead to fleas so it can be really disturbing for anyone to keep them at home. Both of them required high maintenance standards which include expensive animal foods, cleaning cost, and pet sprays. They are easily trained for providing services to the owner and for hygiene. Both dogs and cats are bred in captivity. Both of these amazing pet animals cope with nursing their offspring. In the wild habitat, both of these animals rely on scavenging and hunting for finding the food (Flaminia & Maria, 2018).

There are also a lot of differences to discuss between these two pet animals. The most significant difference is that both of them have different behaviors as the cat is a calm animal while unlike it a dog is considered to be hostile at unknown persons and can also be used for security purpose. The cat is a creature which does not need much attention and can do its hunting alone while the dog always requires attention. The shape of the body of the cat is lean which helps it to facilitate unnoticeable and silent hunting while the dogs have the muscular body for catching its enemies. The diet of cat and dogs are different, as they feed on separate meals. The cat is extremely carnivore and often takes something short of meat while the dog can eat anything available starting from proteins, vegetable, to starch. Most cats are hairier than dogs, and their claws are sharper than that of dogs. Moreover, cats have a less sharp memory as compared to dogs (van Beusekom, Cyrina D., et al., 2015). Dogs are smarter and intelligent than cats in the aspect of verbal commands. For example, one can call his pet dog with the name, but it will be effective on cats. Both of these animals makes a different sound. Cat usually sounds like "meow" while the dog usually barks. Another obvious difference between them is that dogs are bigger than cats. Unlike cats, the dogs enjoy the game of fetching while the cat would only to see his owner tossing a ball. Cats are considered to be nocturnal animals who enjoy at night mostly while the dogs like to snore at night.

Conclusion

So, it is concluded that there are various similarities and differences between cats and dogs. These contrast and comparison between these two pet animals are perceived in separate ways. Some may think dogs are more preferable as a pet than cats due to their intelligence and loyalty while others will choose a cat due to its companionship. The personality of an individual decides which pet is better for him.

Works Cited

Flaminia, Pennisi Maria. "Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?." Veterinary parasitology (2018).

van Beusekom, Cyrina D., et al. "Feline hepatic biotransformation of diazepam: Differences between cats and dogs." Research in veterinary science 103 (2015): 119-125.

1. Discuss The Father And Son Relationship In Hamlet

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Instructors’ Name

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Date

Father and Son Relationship in Hamlet

The relationship between the father and son is one of the most important aspects of Shakespeare's play Hamlet. The dramatist has based the play on a son, named Hamlet, who is trying to avenge the unjustified death of his father. On the other hand, the author has also introduced two other sons in the play, who are Laertes and Fortinbras and they also want to avenge the killing of their fathers. The death of the three father figures is connected in one or the other way to Hamlet senior, who was the father of Hamlet and the now the sons want to take their revenge from Hamlet junior. The play sheds light on the faithfulness of the characters towards their fathers, as well as their willingness to sacrifice their own lives for the sake of avenging their father's death. Including two other pairs of father-son, apart from king Hamlet and prince Hamlet, may have been the attempt of the author to show the faithfulness of the charters towards their father and willingness of sacrificing their lives for them, while comparing it with the attitude of Hamlet.

The play reveals the grievance of Hamlet over the death of his father, as he was unable to return to the normal life, even after mourning his father for two months. Till that time, he believed that his father had died in a natural death and he was unable to bear the loss. In the meantime, his uncle married his mother and got control of the position of his deceased father. Hamlet was least interested in the position of the ruler and was unable to celebrate the wedding of his mother, due to his grieving and mourning. It was due to his great attachment and love with his father, that he was able to see his ghost and know the true source of his unjustified death. He became convinced of avenging the death of his father and did not accept the new status of his form uncle and present stepfather, named Claudius (Kang, 153). He kept delaying his plan of killing Claudius, as he tried to get the proof of his guiltiness and then was trapped in the situation, which further delayed his revenge. He tried to conduct performance, based on the supposed scenario of his father's killing and from the reaction of Claudius became sure that he had killed him without any doubt. Instead of killing him at the moment, Hamlet spares the life of his stepfather, because he was praying. The excuse sheds light on his reluctance, as he was unable to accept the present situation and take the swift action which any other son would have taken in a similar scenario (Erlich, 65).

On the other hand, the author of the play has also provided examples of Laertes and Fortinbras, who emerged as more faithful and concerned sons, as compared to Hamlet. In the case of Laertes, his father Polonius was killed by Hamlet, when he was spying on the conversation of Hamlet and his mother. Hamlet actually killed him due to a misunderstanding, thinking that he was his stepfather. Claudius, who just wanted a reason to kill Hamlet, got it and sent Claudius to a foreign land. On the other hand, Laertes came from a foreign land in order to avenge the death of his father. Instead of making the coward hidden moves, he publically announced that he would take the revenge of his father's death. He was also not concerned about the fact that his father was killed on the basis of suspicion as he was spying on Hamlet. He just wanted to kill the person who had killed his after, without caring about the guilty circumstances of his death. His faithfulness, loyalty and over towards his father forced him to overlook his flaws and avenge his death in any way (Curran Jr., 45).

Another father-son pair depicted by the author in the play is that of late and young Fortinbras. The old Fortinbras was killed by Hamlet's father, as he tried to capture his land. At the time, Hamlet was fighting with Laertes, Fortinbras invaded Hamlet’s land with his army. He was also deeply concerned about avenging the death of his father, therefore, led the army to win the rule of the land where his father was killed. The situation turned in the way that Hamlet succeeded in killing Laertes, as well as his stepfather, and became the victim of his stepfathers' plan. Claudius planned the fight of Hamlet and Laertes in the way that he poisoned their swords, in order to ensure that Hamlet would die after getting even slight cut (Mosley, 185). He also prepared a poisoned drink for Hamlet, which he wanted him to drink when he felt tired of fighting, however, Hamlet refused to drink from that. His mother drinks from it and dies. On the other hand, Laertes lost the fight and just before dying, he told Hamlet that his mother was killed by his stepfather, who had added poison to the drink. Then Hamlet forces Claudius to drink the same, after which he dies and Hamlet also dies because of the poisoning of the cuts he got during the fight. Fortinbras showed his mighty heart by allowing mighty last rites of Hamlet, after gettingthe control of the land (Bergmann, and Green, 26).

The relationship between fathers and sons depicted in the play highlight the willingness and action of the sons to avenge their father's death. Out of the three pairs, Hamlet was the grieved on the death of his father and due to the tragic incidents, he also proved to be the most reluctant of taking swift action and avenge his father's death. On the other hand, the two other sons came from the foreign lands and courageously announced that they were there to get their revenge. The coward nature of Hamlet is also evident from the fact that he lost the perfect chance of killing his father's killer by saying that he does not want to kill him while praying as he would go to heaven. He would not have been able to think to that extent if he was determined to avenge the death of his father. While the other two sons was courageous enough to take the action while knowing that their fathers were guilty at some point (Román, 564).

The father-son relationship depicted in the play Hamlet, actually shed light on the laid back, reluctant and hesitant nature of Hamlet, who kept delaying the revenge of his father's death. The play depicts that he may have been the most grieved and affected one, however, he was not courageous enough to take the swift action, or he was trapped by the situation and faced the tragedies which proved him a coward. His actions were compared with those of other characters of the play because they were not left with any other thing to protect, therefore took the swift actions and appeared to be more courageous and daring than Hamlet.

Works Cited

Bergmann, Martin S., and André Green. "Hamlet: the inability to mourn and the inability to love." The Unconscious in Shakespeare's Plays. Routledge, 2018. 15-37.

Curran Jr, John E. Hamlet, Protestantism, and the Mourning of Contingency: Not to be. Routledge, 2016.

Erlich, Avi. Hamlet's absent father. Princeton University Press, 2015.

Kang, Misook. "Lawrence and Lacan on “The Transformation of Hamlet”." The DH Lawrence Review 41.2 (2016): 145-159.

Mosley, Joseph Scott. The Dilemma of Shakespearean Sonship: An Analysis of Paternal Models of Authority and Filial Duty in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Diss. 2017.

Román, David. "Hamlet by William Shakespeare, and: Hamlet by William Shakespeare." Theatre Journal 70.4 (2018): 563-568.

16 Point Essay

16 Point Essay

Author Name

[Name of the Institution]

16 Point Essay

English literature is full of many masterpieces that glorify the cultural aspects of various different regions of the world. Many pieces of writing praise these cultural values while there are many others that criticize them. One of such brilliant pieces of writings is “The Ballad of East and West” penned down by Rudyard Kipling, in which he describes the difference between the cultures of two places in the following line “Oh East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet.”

Basically, the world has been culturally divided into major parts, the East and the West. The East part of the world denominates the countries that lie in the far east of the globe, that are, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, Asia (especially South Asia), Australia, New Zealand etc., whereas the West part of the world denominates the countries like America (South and North America), Canada, and the United Kingdom. The culture of both the parts of the world is completely different from each other, and many scholars and experts hold the opinion that both can never mix and amalgamate. There are clearly drawn lines between the cultures of both regions and this has been going on for a really long time, in fact from the beginning of times.

In my personal opinion, the statement presented by Rudyard Kipling in his famous poem, “The Ballad of East and West” about the cultural discrepancies of east and west, that the people from both the regions are so different that it is almost impossible for them to understand each other, does not stand to be true. The times are changing now and there are many values that are being transferred from the West to East and vice versa.

This cultural difference is also clearly depicted in two other pieces of writing “From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi” and “The Tall Woman and Her Short Husband”. The first story depicts this cultural difference through the eyes of an emperor 1 while the former one talks about the perception of people under the influence of the cultural values and how people find the other people, who do not fit in their idea of normality, strange and weird 2.

Reference List/Endnotes:

FENG J. THE'TALL WOMAN AND HER SHORT HUSBAND'+'GAO NUREN HE TADE WEI ZHANGFU', TRANSLATED FROM THE CHINESE BY YANG, GLADYS.

Pu-Yi AG, Jenner WJ. From emperor to citizen: the autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi. Foreign Languages Press; 1964.

1984 Research Paper

1984 research paper

Author Name

[Name of the Institution]

Introduction

The novel 1984 written by George Orwell is one of the American’s classics that helps to explore human intention and ideology in terms of Utopian society that is guided by control, power, and corruption. In this novel, different characters especially Winston is used in a manner that his character proposes that power is actually granted to the government for the welfare of society but this welfare can be considered negatively or it is automatically turned into corruption or becomes corrupt when there are several attempts that are made to force all the people to face a single and set standard. The novel also highlights social conflict in terms of class structure and the attitude of different people towards that structure with a notion that the government that is corrupted will automatically attempt to distort and deconstruct the mental as well as physical framework of the society which is not aligning with their set beliefs, eliminating the opportunity of attaining a Utopian society. The novel 1984 is a detailed account of criticism on political and economic structure that distorts social structure and destruct enslave minds of people, by making them dependent on bourgeoisie.

Discussion

George Orwell wrote the novel 1984 that is also termed as a legendry as well as a terrifying glimpse into the future. The novel presents an ultra-repressive state with an omnipresence that is deeply rooted in the world events of time of Orwell. The novel depicts how the government attempts to control the mind as well as the bodies of the people who are living in that particular society in the form of character Winston Smith. There are different methods presented and quoted that are practiced by the government with an aim to tilt the beliefs of the people towards themselves and direct people to assimilate their ideologies with theirs (of the corrupt government) 1. The novel infers the division of world into three states, Eurasia, Oceania and Eastasia that are presented in a harsh battle with each other. This world structure is followed by a nuclear war that is localized and traced back to 1950. In the state of Oceania, a revolution results in the rise of a figure also called Big Brother, along with a secretive group of individuals who are called "The Party". Under the impact of this regime, there are different freedoms of thought and expression given with an aim to support the infallibility and omnipotence of The Party as well as its pronouncements2. In a nutshell, this novel presents Orwell’s strict attention to the realistic details and description of the world thirty-five years ahead of his own validity to 1984 along with a shadowy and bleak forewarning of what might occur in future.

The novel, 1984 is a third-person account that is used to show both internal and external experiences of living under a totalitarian government. The novel reflects Fascist ideology, one of the major and critical feature of the Italian Fascism that was an attempt to eliminate the essence of class struggle from the society by using nationalism as a strong support, Orwell has tried to incorporated and let the readers analyze the features of totalitarian government, how they control citizens to maintain the monopoly of the upper class, where lower class is doomed to live in illusions and abstractions1.

The novel comprises of several schools of thought in the form of Winston Smith’s memories and thoughts. Also, Orwell has used a third-person account for Winston rather than the first person referring to Winston as observer. The author has simultaneously described Winston's thoughts and feelings while he commented on them. The novel circulates about the views of Winston, taking into account he hoped to destroy the Party. This hope to destroy the Party is actually a call to awake and unite the overwhelming mass of proles against the Big Brothers1. Proles are a group of people. These proles are the collective characters as they are not presented as individuals. They are also termed as nameless and mindless mass. The functions of proles are very simple they just have to work and breed. Also, they are shown as someone who are caring very little about everyone other than family and home, they are only engaged in quarreling with the neighborhood, bear, films, lottery tickets as well as circuses and bread. Taking into account the function of inner as well as outer Party members, the proles are given complete freedom. As per Winston, “Proles and animals are free”2 Also, it is highlighted that proles are not under the watchful eye of the Party and they are given the freedom to maintain and have sexual contact with each other. All these aspects are considered beneath any kind of suspicion. There are very few people who are vaporized and captured by the Thought Police and there is no single reason that is left for the member of the Party to question them. Orwell has presented Proles as subhuman also the primitive beings who are entirely or completely unconscious of the position that they are given in the society1. At the beginning of chapter 7, Winston has given a single reason for the Proles, being considered as hope for a successful revolution. He is of the view that about 85% of the population belongs to or makes up the proles. Also, there are many of them who are apparently large enough to have the “force to destroy the Party”1.

In the storyline of 1984, proles are the proletariat also called the working class of Oceania. The word proles is also derived from the Latin word “proletarians” that is terms as the lowest members of the society. In the novel, proles refers to workers and uneducated people finding minimal jobs for earning their living. The overall description of the proles is mentioned as a population that is carefree in all the manners of life, taking into account that their ignorance appears to be giving a bliss rather than their futile and dire circumstances. The proles are caught on their so-called emotional desires and those desires have made them absent to the realities of life. According to Winston, “If there is hope, “it lies in the proles” Winston is of the view that the Party cannot be overthrown from its inner attires and structure2. He is of the view that the future of Oceania can be reformed only with help of proles. Winston asserted his ideology by sharing different incidents that strengthened his trust such as, that of the market place, the expression, and reaction of different people around and then the style of life that is followed by the people. Also, it is highlighted that for the protagonist, Winston Smith, proles are the fate designers of Oceania because all the members both Inner and Outer Party are under the constant observation of the telescreen in both personal as well as the private life in contrast to proles who are not observed by anyone because no one considered it important to observe them.

Proles are not required to express or show any kind of support for any of the parties except for some specific event such as occasion or some other patriotic fervor. The Party itself creates sources of distraction for the proles in the form of songs, entertainment, novels and event pornography which is all written with the help of machines. As proles avail, all such freedom, another or a different vision assert that they are the ones who are free from any kind of the control or check and balance. It is one of the few reasons that the protagonist Winston finds them as the symbol of hope. Also, they are considered as free human beings because they have maintained all the flavors and the sense of life that is actually required of a free human being. Also, proles are seen and defined as someone who have human emotions in the form of adherence to language3.

Although the author has proposed his strong hope in the proles which is one of the controversial statements because proles are presented as leeches who will stay in the way they are until they are not equally fed by the people or the Party. Here, another role that is played by Proles in Oceania is to sustain their life and fulfill their desires that are highly emotional and sometimes social, far from the political ideologies and visions. The notion that humans have got feelings, they can think and act and it is the only difference that no only differentiated proles from the inner and outer Party members but also from the animals. Under this essence, the proles are the only happy people such as the old woman who is singing while her doing the households. It would not be wrong to say Winston’s view of the paroles is the product of freedom that he has observed in their lives. Another view highlights that the Proles are better than the other beings in the same land because they are the ones who have the potential to do something that is very hard to imagine to be done by the other members of the same society2.

it is highlighted that the notion of free-living is something that is one of the most appealing thing when a comparison is made with the other people who are living the life of prisoners and someone who is nothing other than a robot, someone who has to ask for permission and be accountable for his actions in all the terms of his life. This framework by Winston is two dimensional, it can be taken in two dimensions, firstly it is a question mark on the lives of the people who are living in that society and they are called proles. This notion criticizes the pointless ambitions of life along with the idea that “life for life sake” and “eat, drink and be merry” is something that is expected of animals1.

There is no doubt that Winston has praised proles in terms of their freedom that they can practice in terms of their life decisions and the approach towards life. Still, it is a major idea of consider that a novelist who is struggling with the classification of classes affecting life and the underlying ideology of life will never incorporate a protagonist who is too low to change his perception of life and associate “hope” with idleness and the amount of leisure they have. On the same discussion platform, it can be considered that the proles are living a far better life as compared to the other people, as they are not fearful of someone who is continuously spying on them and having a look on them regarding their life decisions3. If the central theme of “resolution” and “promotion” is considered, then proles are one of the best beings in that society because they have full freedom to do what they want to, although they are termed as people drenched in themselves still if they are given the knowledge and hope, they can play a central role in changing the savages and robots into human beings. Also, another major factor of relying on hope in that population is their quantity because proles make up 85% of the total population. The majority of the people is also one of the signs of revolution and progress and the same anthology is applicable in the case of 19843.

This novel is also a description of the proletariat social class”. If history is considered, or present is analyzed the same situation can be found. It is evident that proletariats are more like salt in flour because they are not considered as the lively and important section of the society. One of the strong and important points of view is expressed by Karl Marx in his social theory, highlighting that the proletariats are always oppressed by the capitalist system. In Roman times, this specific class lived in sheer poverty, either they have less or no resources of living and no one even bothered to think about them. If the modern era is analyzed, Karl Marx has presented his theory of social class out of injustice and frustration that he saw in society. It also highlighted that the modern era is again victimizing proletariats in terms of their rights and their position in society. Another reflection of this injustice can also be observed in the form of growing trends such as modernism and renaissance3.

Taking into account the set pattern and the living standards of proles in 1984, they are no less than a profound narration or example of the proletariats because proles are nothing but useless masses. All the aspects of proletariats are applicable to the proles. Firstly, they are the satirical representation, who is employed in the industries and serving the Party. Within the industry, proles are nothing other than a worker who is working to earn wages that can help them earn a living and facilitate them in living life from hand to mouth. Also, it is highlighted that the vision and the ideology of the proles are guided by and made by the Party that is obviously operating in industries. An apparent understanding and tone of novel highlights that that Party is busy making the sources of entertainment for proles, Party is designing ways and means that can support the proles, but a critical insight assert that the Party is only trying to maintain their own power. There is no sound basis for the actions of the Party that is justified because there is no will of the proles1. In the novel, “Ingsoc” is the official ideology of Oceania and this ideology highlights the prevalence of “English Socialism" in society. In fact “Ingsoc” is an acronym of the prevalent and dominant English socialism. Also, in the basic storyline, it is found that the proletariat or the proles are just hypnotized people who are programmed to do what they are doing they are not motivated or even guided to do or participate in the major section of society, which can also be guided by the impression of majority. In fact, they are taught and behooved to stay as they are because it is one of the necessities for the Party to suppress the notion and attributes of Proles2. In real life as well, it is observed that the hands or the lower class people are not motivated or pushed to do something great. In fact, they are provided with the resources that can keep them in their set vision of doing labor. In the present time as well, 21 century the telescreen of the Party is seen in the form of social politics and propagandas that are impossible to turn off and change.

There are a lot of social and cultural connotations and associations that are prominent in the novel. One of the major association is controlling behavior. The prevalence of capitalism and their rules is controlling the behavior of proletariats by making them stick to the set ideologies of labor work. Along with it, they are continuously reminded of the fact that the bourgeois are working for their benefit and the upper-class people are giving lower class people a huge favor in the form of employment opportunities. Another major association is the friendly face of surveillance that has to enforce and paved the way for the building of "viewer society"3.

Toady society is also divided into class structure and division as found in the novel 1984 such as an elite Inner Party, an industrious outer Party and a row of uneducated proles. This uneducated group is then the one who is made to serve the higher classes out of the fear that enlightenment of proles can bring an end to the monopoly of the capitalist. It is also evident that in the present time, one of the most skilled class is that of the proletariat, the popularity of industries and huge marketers is just a tribute to the skill of the workers who have made the product, noting that their skill is never quoted or paid off. If this class is educated and brought to upheaval, whole of the economy will observe a massive shift because the major resource patterns will be aware of the worth of their skill, leaving the artificial skilled people behind in the black walls of society. Much like proles, the lower class, in fact, the most skilled population is made to struggle for bread and butter so that they can earn their living, this stance of earning a lively hood is made so hard that they don’t find time to think about the abilities they have and how their majority can reverse the social structure. In fact, they are realized that the upper-class people are ones who have hired them as a goodwill gesture else they would die of poverty. Also, it is a tradition that is set by history and the monopoly of the capitalist is so strong that the proletariat is never given the space to think and analyze, similar to the proles3.

Conclusion

1984, one of the classic narration by Orwell is critical and though-provoking account that connects society with political affairs by using history as a guide. This novel is a profound narration of class structure and how his division is maintained in the name of illusions that exist nowhere. 1984 is not just a political insight but a question mark on the legacy of capitalism and the authority of the upper class manipulating the proletariats. In addition, this novel also reflects how modern technology and industrialization, for which the world is blinded is playing a central role in strengthening the surveillance and the dynasty of class division. This novel not only teaches but pushes readers to analyze their thinking and understand social phenomena so that a sound conclusion can be made by a critical understanding of the major themes and characters. In a nutshell, the novel is not just a narration but a question paper with a summary of throwbacks guided by the thought-provoking approach to future aspects and future of coming generations as well.

End Notes

Dale, John. If George Orwell were alive today…: on Nineteen Eighty-four and the thrust of Orwellian political satire. Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2019.

Orwell, George, and A. M. Heath.  1984. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2003.

Johnson, Joel A. "Oppressive Rhyming: George Orwell on Poetry and Totalitarianism." Perspectives on Political Science (2019): 1-8.