The sustainability issue of the health and livelihoods of groups of people seeking asylum
Chosen Scenario Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Bangladesh
Introduction
The incident of Rohingya Refugee crisis was one of the striking issues of South Asia and especially for Bangladesh. It happened in 2017, and the refugees were seeking asylum in Bangladesh for their survival. During the year, Bangladesh had many other challenges including the sudden flash flood, which affected the northeastern area of the country. Rohingya population evacuated to Bangladesh, the neighboring country. UN OCHA referred this migration of people the world fastest growing crisis of refugees. Sustainability is the continuation of a defined behavior while not damaging other factors. More than one million people got asylum in Bangladesh to seek the shelter and survival. They are living with many challenges and having the least basic health, psychosocial, food and shelter facilities. Mostly the people are facing critical conditions, the children were initially at high risk, and women especially the pregnant women did not have the basic health care facilities. It is notable to mention that Rohingyans are not maltreated by their country of origin. Deprived of a homeland, Bangladesh also denied protection of the Rohingyans against abuse, poverty, violence, and corruption. Here, the focus is to review critical situation of Rohingya refugees in the Coxs Bazar region of Bangladesh to attain sustainability.
Discussion
The years of 2017 and 2018 have been challenging for Bangladesh due to certain crisis that hinders its growth and development journey. Bangladesh encountered a humanitarian crisis, which was referred to as the fastest growing refugee crisis in the world. For Bangladesh, this growing refugee is one of the major problems. It is noteworthy to mention that 32,000 Rohingyas have been recognized as refugees. These 32,000 refugees are living in two camps. In the makeshift sites, there are nearly 35,000 unrecognized refuges (Alam, 2018). Additionally, approximately 300,000 undocumented Rohingya refugees are forced to live in the congregation groups. Consequently, in the Coxs Bazar region of Bangladesh, almost million Rohingyas are living. These refugees are forced to live in crucial conditions in refugees camps, and these camps lack many basic facilities as well (Rahman, 2017). There are no proper arrangements for hygienic food, and people have no other choice than eating in unsanitary conditions, which raises many health care issues. Lack of medical facilities making it hard for Bangladesh to achieve sustainability.
Sustainability is the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely regardless of causing harm to any other factor that is included. In order to measure the sustainability of any issue, one must need to consider three pillars of sustainability. The three pillars of sustainability include no pollution to the environment, utilizing things in a smart renewable manner, and protecting the atmosphere and eco-system. Bangladesh is one of the developing countries, which are making efforts to increase their Gross Domestic Production by achieving sustainability (Rahman, 2017). The refugees of Rohingyas are making it hard for it to maintain a proper, healthy ecosystem that is free of any infectious diseases. Environmental degradation is one of the major problems in these areas, which affected the majority of the habitat.
The sudden influx of Rohingya refugee in order to seek asylum in the Coxs Bazar region of Bangladesh put a lot more pressure on the environment as they built temporary huts and semi-brick houses near the water and forest line. This sudden influx puts massive pressure on the already decrepit ecosystem of Bangladesh. In order to provide temporary shelter to these refugees, nearly 4,300 acres of forests and hills are cut down, threating the biodiversity of that region. If the government is not able to take some immediate action, then many of these impacts are likely to become irreversible. A potential risk of land sliding is created due to the indiscriminate hill cutting. The reason behind this is the loss of the natural setting of the terrain of the hills. Firewood burned by refugees released smoke that causes air pollution. More than one million refugees piled up polythene bags and plastic bottles in the region of Coxs Bazar region of Bangladesh. It is becoming a serious issue for Bangladesh to maintain sustainability as these refugees result in degrading natural forests and barren hills. Many reports have been made on the issue of Rohingyas refugees, and they have found the thousands of shallow tube well dugs. It has caused some serious water crisis. These are the threat to the aquifers and its living as well.
The social pillar of sustainability is the ability of a social system. Several factors come in a social system such as country, community, family, and social wellbeing. The demographics of Bangladesh changed due to the sudden influx of Rohingya refugees. The Rohingya lack any political leader to support them and they endured extreme deprivation. They are traumatized and angry as they also suffer from a lack of education (Prodip, 2017). The social stability in Coxs Bazar region of Bangladesh has been disturbed as the locals feel under threat. They are under threat, as they are outnumbered. Due to this, tension is rising between the refugees and the host population (Islam, 2018). There have been many environmental damages and the wages for day laborers are down. The local community is bearing an excessive burden from these crises. Therefore, urgent action is needed to assist the local community in that region. The refugees are also facing certain human security problems such as gender-based violence and human trafficking. The arrival of a vulnerable population has increased such security issues (Islam, 2018). Therefore, it is the responsibility of existing NGOs out there to protect the social rights of these refugees who are seeking asylum in the Coxs Bazar region of Bangladesh.
The government needs to expand Womens Development Forums to refugees camps in order to control issues related to gender-based violence. The government should provide a method of circulating information to women. Rohingyas and host communities are demonstrating tensions due to the inaccurate flow of critical information. The Rohingya refugees are facing difficulties in navigating systems like safe places for women and hygienic conditions for food consumption. The government needs to work with media in order to establish effective collaboration between international and local structures. They need to come up with a proper system to distribute quality information to both local communities and Rohingya refugees. Rohingya communities are currently governed by incapacity, corruption, opacity, and crime. Therefore, a risk of tension to escalate and erupt is present for the local authorities. Another potential risk that can cause the natural resources to decimate is the growing birth rate among the Rohingyas. It is noteworthy to mention that there are certain health issues for newborn babies of refugees. The newborn babies are unable to get effective medication and vaccinations due to which they are facing severe risk of disease, malnutrition, and death. The newborn babies are vulnerable to waterborne diseases, which is a crucial factor for the government.
MSF and Concern Bangladesh are two communities that provide a range of medical assistance. The main purpose of these organizations is to provide vitamin A and B supplements and health education awareness session in order to educate these refugees regarding health issues. These refugees are under significant health risks due to the overpopulated camps (Islam, Nuzhath, 2018). The sudden influx of these refugees has made it hard for the government to provide effective health care facilities. The Rohingya refugees along with the local communities require 9 million liters of safe water daily. However, they are only getting 30 safe water and rest is provided to them in sanitary conditions. Lack of access to clean water has increased the risk of communicable disease outbreak (Islam, Nuzhath, 2018). Government is making efforts to provide cholera vaccination to the Rohingya refugees, but sadly, they are unable to reach 100 of the targeted population. There was a diphtheria outbreak in the Coxs Bazar region of Bangladesh, which resulted in 38 deaths and hundreds suspected cases of diphtheria. Children under the age of eight require critical lifesaving interventions such as vaccination campaigns. Many of them require nutritional support, as they are weak due to the insufficient food supply. It is hard for a government like Bangladesh to provide enough food for these refugees. Regardless of this, there are nearly 91,556 women and adolescent girls who are vulnerable to sexual abuse. 54,633 among them are pregnant or lactating mothers. Women are giving birth at their home, as they have no proper access to sanitary health facilities.
Conclusions
In a nutshell, Rohingya refugees are forced to live in unsanitary conditions due to which they are prone to deadly infectious diseases. There are not given basic health care facilities due to their sudden influx on the government of Bangladesh. Women and adolescent girls are vulnerable to sexual abuse to which the birth rate of Rohingya refugees is increasing as compared to Bangladeshs population. The government should need to provide them with shelter, food, health and educational facilities in order to achieve sustainability. The government of Bangladesh and Myanmar should take the initiative to resolve the problem.
References
Alam Mayesha. (February 12, 2018). How the Rohingya crisis is affecting Bangladesh and why it matters. The Washington Post. Monkey Cage Analysis. Retrieved from HYPERLINK https//www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/12/how-the-rohingya-crisis-is-affecting-bangladesh-and-why-it-matters/noredirectonutm_term.3be259fb1239 https//www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/12/how-the-rohingya-crisis-is-affecting-bangladesh-and-why-it-matters/noredirectonutm_term.3be259fb1239
Environmental impacts of Rohingya influx A multifaceted problem requires multifaceted responses. (2019).UNDP in Bangladesh. Retrieved 4 February 2019, from http//www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2018/09/18/Environmental_impacts_of_Rohingya_influx.html
Islam, Aynul (2018).Economic and Social Impact of the Rohingya Crisis. Ces.ulab.edu.bd. Retrieved 4 February 2019, from https//ces.ulab.edu.bd/wp-content/uploads/sites/18/2015/07/ULAB_CES_Current_Event_Analysis_Rohingya-Jan-2018.pdf
Islam, M. M., Nuzhath, T. (2018). Health risks of Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh a call for global attention.Journal of global health,8(2).
Prodip, M. A. (2017). Health and Educational Status of Rohingya Refugee Children in Bangladesh.Journal of Population and Social Studies JPSS,25(2), 135-146.
Rahman, U. (2017). The Rohingya refugee A security dilemma for Bangladesh.Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies,8(2), 233-239.
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