Maciyah Washington
English 101
Professor Carter
25 October, 2019
Career Research Paper
About 79% of different types of families have children under 4 that are in the position of needing childcare. Childcare is needed because parents work an average of 9 hours a day for up to 7 days a week. Which means they work about 50 hours per week. “The average daily American commute totals approximately 35 minutes. That’s about 152 hours or 19 full work days a year driving to work in their cars.” Parents also need childcare because they need to make money to support their families. They have to pay off different living expenses for their family. Including different home bills, food, clothing, and other basic needs. Also they need to make money to pay off student debt. On average the student loan debt per person calculated up to $31,172 per person. It also takes up to 10-30 years to pay off the debt. By putting a child in daycare parents put their child in a position to have a good start on education. Pre-Kindergarten gives a child a head start on their education. Which means they will be advanced and are more likely to go to college.
The United States has the highest teen pregnancy rate of all developed nations. In 2017, there were 18.8 births for every 1,000 females between the ages of 15 and 19. As teenagers are still in school, childcare is much needed. Helping these students complete their high school education and be better parents are the goals of daycare programs. “Every year more than 1 million American teen-agers become pregnant, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. And ''more and more young parents are keeping their children,''. Lack of daycare was the number one deterrent to returning to school for teenage parents. Some cities have introduced daycare in high schools and the 60% drop out rate dropped to about 15%. ''Research shows that the main reason people go on welfare is lack of secondary education.''
Background
Childcare providers supervise kids normally from a few months to the age of 5. Childcare can be found at homes or a daycare facility. Workers work with young children to prepare them to succeed in the next level of school. A high school diploma is only required with some experience with childcare. When you want to become a home daycare provider, you must obtain a family child care home license. To be a provider in a facility you need to pass the CDA certification exam and you must pass the CPR and first aid certification. You must have certain key skills including patience, good physical stamina, people skills, and good communication skills. This career allows one to choose when to work according to their chosen program and availability. A childcare profession is appropriate for people with children who want to pursue a career to earn extra income to upkeep their families.
Job outlook
Employment of childcare workers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2018 to 2028, slower than the average for all occupations. Childcare workers should remain strong because early childhood education is widely recognized and is important for a child’s intellectual and emotional development. The increasing cost of childcare and the growth in the number of stay-at-home parents may reduce the need for childcare workers.
Pay
Pay varies with the worker’s education and work setting. Those in formal childcare settings and those with more education usually earn higher wages. Pay for self-employed workers is based on the number of hours they work and the number and ages of the children in their care. “Pay varies with the worker’s education and work setting. Those in formal childcare settings and those with more education usually earn higher wages. Pay for self-employed workers is based on the number of hours they work and the number and ages of the children in their care.” The median annual wage for all workers was $38,640 a year.
Early Daycare History
Daycare is the care and supervision of a child or multiple children at a time. Child care is the action or skill of looking after children by a day-care center, nannies, babysitter, teachers or other providers. The first daycare centers located at the mother's workplace were built during World War II. The intent of the centers was to reduce mother's absenteeism and keep her at work.NUMPAGES
American parents working more and more to provide for their families it is important for them to find the right childcare provider for their children. In order to fill this position, you must pursue a degree in childcare, which can help you properly take care of children. Child development degree programs help prepare students for a number of positions in the industry. Students who earn a bachelor's degree in childcare typically pursue entry- level positions, rather than if you want a higher degree you would get a master’s or a doctoral degree.
High-quality child care is a necessity to parents, but the cost of childcare has become a significant burden for parents who need it to support their families. Which leaves many parents in the predicament of paying more than they can afford or settling for lower quality childcare. Parents who decide to leave their job and become a full time caregiver stand to lose way more than just their salaries, but earn less in benefits and savings in the long run. Since the need for educated service workers is increasing, the selection of business courses and the amount of work chances are very abundant.
Over the last few decades, the demand for childcare services has increased to a great extent as a result of public policies, demographic trends, early learning, brain development and emerging scientific inquiry. After the end of World War 2, the number of mothers of preschool children increased from 12% to 65%. From 2002 to 2010, the rate of participation of women labor force increased from 77 to 84% which resulted in a further decrease in several women who can provide full-time care to their children at home. Since 1950, the number of single-parent families has tripled. Therefore, the demand for the childcare service has increased in response to the time limits and work requirement. This increase in demand for non-parental care has stimulated the increased growth in the childcare service industry. In 1975, the US childcare services comprised of 31, 0000 childcare centers and almost 81000 homes. According to the report of Washington based children foundation, the total number of regulated child care centers has increased from almost 85000 in 1991 to more than 300,000 in 2003.
The child care market consists of revenues from services of child day care and related services such as partnerships, traders and organizations that provide care to children either in day care center or at home. Some of these establishments also provide prekindergarten education. The unregulated market has also been playing a very important role in this industry since late 1980s. The services of childcare are provided by the establishment with the various structures of ownership ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Finn-Stevenson</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>227</RecNum><DisplayText>(Finn-Stevenson)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>227</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573030140">227</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Finn-Stevenson, Matia</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Schools of the 21st century: Linking child care and education</title></titles><dates><year>2018</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>0429965982</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Finn-Stevenson). This industry includes for-profit, nonprofit, self-employed childcare providers and operated centers. Among all these childcare services, less than half are operated on a nonprofit basis. The nonprofit child care services are usually operated by hospitals, universities, colleges, community agencies and also public agencies ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Castle</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>228</RecNum><DisplayText>(Castle et al.)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>228</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573030212">228</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Castle, Sherri</author><author>Williamson, Amy C</author><author>Young, Emisha</author><author>Stubblefield, Jessica</author><author>Laurin, Deborah</author><author>Pearce, Nicole</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Teacher–child interactions in early head start classrooms: Associations with teacher characteristics</title><secondary-title>Early Education and Development</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Early Education and Development</full-title></periodical><pages>259-274</pages><volume>27</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1040-9289</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Castle et al.). The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics determined that childcare services are one of the fastest employment growth industries and according to the new report from the Sage works, in the US, childcare service business will continue to grow in the next few years. It is reported that sales among private child care firms have increased to about 12% in the last few months. Most of the child care workers are replaced every year by sustaining employment opportunities. In the US, currently, there are about 121,6600 childcare employees and the job market of the childcare worker is expected to grow to approximately 67% till 2016 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>226</RecNum><record><rec-number>226</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573029773">226</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Report">27</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author>Mary Ellen Biery</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Growth In U.S. Day Care Businesses</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>. This means that there will be good employment opportunities in the next few years. It is expected that in the next 10 years, the US will need almost 90,500 childcare employees. This figure is based on the 84000 additional childcare employees and the retirement of almost 6200 existing workers. High school diploma is a common qualification in this employment. Due to different regulations, settings and qualifications, the childcare employers differ from one another in terms of demographic characteristics and educational background. Recently a study was conducted in California and found that about 32% of the teachers had completed their bachelor’s degrees, whereas, the same number of teachers had completed less than 24 units of early childhood education. Studies have also shown that childcare workers earn far less than other educational employees ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Castle</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>228</RecNum><DisplayText>(Castle et al.)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>228</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573030212">228</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Castle, Sherri</author><author>Williamson, Amy C</author><author>Young, Emisha</author><author>Stubblefield, Jessica</author><author>Laurin, Deborah</author><author>Pearce, Nicole</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Teacher–child interactions in early head start classrooms: Associations with teacher characteristics</title><secondary-title>Early Education and Development</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Early Education and Development</full-title></periodical><pages>259-274</pages><volume>27</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1040-9289</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Castle et al.). As a result of this, high turnover rate is seen in the childcare industry. Employment instability among childcare workers not only exceeds that of public school teachers but it is also 4 times higher than that of registered nurses and 3 times higher than that of social workers. The uneven professional development, high turnover and low wages in the childcare industry is a serious issue and needs to be addressed ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Herbst</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>225</RecNum><DisplayText>(Herbst)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>225</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573029616">225</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Herbst, Chris M</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The rising cost of child care in the United States: A reassessment of the evidence</title><secondary-title>Economics of Education Review</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Economics of Education Review</full-title></periodical><pages>13-30</pages><volume>64</volume><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>0272-7757</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Herbst)
References
ADDIN EN.REFLIST Castle, Sherri, et al. "Teacher–Child Interactions in Early Head Start Classrooms: Associations with Teacher Characteristics." Early Education and Development 27.2 (2016): 259-74. Print.
Finn-Stevenson, Matia. Schools of the 21st Century: Linking Child Care and Education. Routledge, 2018. Print.
Herbst, Chris M. "The Rising Cost of Child Care in the United States: A Reassessment of the Evidence." Economics of Education Review 64 (2018): 13-30. Print.
