Annotated Bibliography
Bailey, R. (2000). Eating tasty clones: Is cloned meat good for you. True State of the Planet.
The article provides useful information about the adverse impacts of cloned meats that can be used in a research project for determining changes in the patterns of food consumption. Bailey the article highlights the positive and negative aspects of the cloned meat with a central focus on the health-related issues. Author's expertise and education remain one of the central element in assessing their knowledge and credibility. It claims states that better qualification and expertise of the author adds more validity to the argument. Bailey is a science journalist working for the Reason Magazine and also an editor of The True State of Planet and Earth. He has been active in the profession since 1997 and known as a libertarian science writer. The author completed his bachelor's degree from the University of Virginia. The career and the years of experience depict that Bailey is a credible writer. Although his education does not make him an expert journalist, his research skills progressed with time. Bailey in the discussion included the claims of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). He mentions, “edible products from normal, healthy clones or their progeny do not appear to pose increased food consumption risks relative to comparable products from conventional animals” (Bailey, 2000, p. 367). The author includes sufficient support for increasing validity.
Has well explained the subject by highlighting how cloned meat has become part of our society. The unified proposition makes the judgment competent and responsible. The author in the argument has chosen a strong position of argument. The appropriate argumentative technique is of unified proposition used for persuading the people about the problems associated with the topic as he mentions, "cloning becomes more efficient, milk and meat from clones will be sold to consumers. Is that a problem?” (Bailey, 2000, p. 367). While the support of Bailey for cloned meat reflects his personal choice. The investigation of the texts depicts that Bailey in his discussion addresses how it is for the advantage of the people. He states that the clones cause no harm to the people indicating that they are not at the losing end. He highlights the benefits by stating, “the products of offspring of cloned animals were regarded as posing no safety concerns because they are the result of natural mattings” (Bailey, 2000, p. 367). The source will be used for my research project because it highlights how consumption patterns have increased risks for future generations.
DeFazio, F. (2017). Are We Eating Cloned Meat? Retrieved 09 26, 2018, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-we-eating-cloned-meat/
The article reveals useful information about cloned meat that I will use in my project of identifying how food consumption changes in modern times. DeFazio (2017) in his article discuss the impact of cloned meat on the health of consumers. DeFazio is an agricultural specialist and a writer at Scientific American. He completed his education at Brock University. The academic credentials of the author make the source credible, although he posses fewer experience in journalism. The role of DeFazio is accepted more like that of an expert because his specialization in agriculture makes him better assessor of artificial foods and cloned meat. Irrespective of the limited bibliographic information of DeFazio it is easy to determine how his background may influence his writing. The author is an active participant on the e-magazine and present logical concerns on the debate over cloned meat. However, he lacks neutrality due to his reliance on natural foods. DeFazio adopts a similar technique by including the facts provided by the DC-based Center for Food Safety. He mentions, "the available science shows that cloning presents serious food safety risks, animal welfare concerns, and unresolved ethical issues that require strict oversight” CITATION Fra171 \l 1033 (DeFazio).
DeFazio identifies the implications of the cloned meat indicating that the consumers are at a loss. He mentions, "milk and beef were taken from just six cloned animals, and the study did not take into account whether clones were more susceptible to infection or other microbial problems, as many scientists suspect” CITATION Fra171 \l 1033 (DeFazio). The risks highlighted by the author reflects its negative impacts on the consumers. Bias in absent in the article because the background of DeFazio in agriculture makes his supporter of natural products. The article raises questions about the morality of eating cloned meat. The article is useful for the current paper because it helps in understanding transformations in the food consumption patterns due to the manufacturing of cloned meat. It also highlights the concerns related to artificial methods of meat production.
Levitt, Tom. These Are The Reasons You Might Quit Meat In 2018. 2017. 17 03 2019 <https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/plant-based-protein-burger_us_5a392ed6e4b0860bf4ab477a>.
Tom Levitt in the article highlights the disadvantages and risks of eating cloned meat. It uncovers the reasons that contributed to the growth of cloned meat in America. The processed meat industry has been running successfully in America for the last 80 years. One reason for the growth of processed meat’s manufacturing has been significant growth in the fast food industry. To fulfil the demands of a larger population, the firms started relying on artificial meat. The author of the article worked as an editor at Guardian Sustainable Business and worked as a deputy editor at Ecologist Magazine. He presented many articles on food consumption, the transformation of society from natural to artificial meat and related issues. The article is credible because the author holds adequate writing experience. His ability to producing significant content on the topic proved his expertise and credibility. The source relied on reliable facts such as by including the findings of the World Health Organization.
I will use the article by highlighting the adversities of eating cloned meat. The article will be used for explaining why people must quit their dependence on artificial meat. The reason for using the article is not to consider disadvantages only but also solutions. The article mentions, “the boom in demand has been driven to some extent by the availability of new and better alternatives like plant-based burgers”. This reveals that an appropriate solution to quit consumption of artificial meat is by switching to plant-based food. The author suggests that we need to invest in such alternatives that will prove to be healthy for the nation. There is a need for changing the livestock production and mega-farms that contain a large number of animals in close confinement. The purpose of using this article is to explain how artificial farming is damaging the lives of humans and causing destructions to the environment. The author mentions, “eating processed red meat like burgers and sausages is linked to cancer, with 50 grams (about 1.7 ounces) of processed meat a day less than two slices of bacon increasing the chance of developing colorectal cancer by 18 percent”. This indicates that increased dependence on processed meat is linked to chronic disease like cancer. The source will be used for explaining why cloned meat must be avoided. I will use the quotes that confirm the correlation between artificial meat consumption and deadly disease. Another reason for ending the consumption of cloned meat is to minimize the extent of green-house gas emission. This is due to the fact that dairy and meat production leads to the generation of greenhouse gases.
Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. Penguin, 2007.
Michael Pollan in his book provides a deeper analysis of the agriculture system in America. He criticizes the artificial methods of producing meat due to the transformation of the meat industry to the methods relying on fossil fuel. This affects the quality of meat and health of the people. The article highlights the implications of eating unhealthy meat such as it contributes to different diseases including obesity and cancer. Diabetes, physical disability and cholesterol are also some health risks associated with processed meat. The author has criticized the role of the state in subsidizing the processed meat. This undermines the consumption of natural vegetables. The author argues that processed meat sold by McDonald's is cheaper than fresh vegetables. Because people lack the ability to purchase organic food they start eating artificial meat. Pollan is a professor of non-fiction at Harvard University. He is an American author and popular for his book on analysis of meat production in America. The experience and affiliations of the author depict that he is credible. As he holds good experience in writing, he considered research for explaining his viewpoints on the meat industry. Pollan mentions, “the reason organic food producers industrialized was so they could meet the expectations of the supermarket shopper”. This explains the attitudes of consumer towards processed meat. The author claims that due to the cheap availability of cloned meat more Americans are willing to purchase it.
I will use the source for uncovering the reasons for changes in the farm system of America and how it contributes to the production of artificial meat. The source will be used for the current research project in which I will explore the adverse impacts of cloned meat. It will highlight facts such as higher subsidies paid to the meat producers for making it cheap. This has undermined society's dependence on natural vegetables. Through the current source, I will manage to explain how American farming system is damaging the lives of humans. Different diseases will be highlighted like diabetes and cholesterol and their association with processed meat.
Drewnowski, Adam and Petra Eichelsdoerfer. “Can Low-Income Americans Afford a Healthy Diet?” Nutr Today, 44(6) (2010): 246–249.
The article identifies the food consumption patterns in America and increased dependence of citizens on processed meat. It explains that the central reason for switching to artificial meat is due to the fact that it is cheaper than organic food. Majority population that comprises of middle and low-income families are unable to purchase natural vegetables. The article mentions, “when incomes drop, and family budgets shrink, food choices shift toward cheaper but more energy-dense foods". This indicates that society is transforming to the artificial meat because of the state's policy of subsidizing it. The author criticizes that this strategy of state has negative impacts on the health and welfare of the people. Because the low-income population is unable to purchase expensive healthy food they rely on processed meat.
Drewnowski is a professor of Epidemiology at the University of Washington. He is also a director at Center of Public Health Nutrition. This depicts that the author is credible due to his affiliation with the nutrition and health department. The second author, Eichelsdoerfer is a professor at the University of Washington and holds experience in human nutrition. This confirms the credibility of the author. I will use the article for determining the risks associated with artificial meat and its implications on humans. The source will be used for proposing solutions for increasing use of organic food and vegetables. I will use the source for providing evidentiary support to the research project on processed meat.
Work Cited
Bailey, R. (2000). Eating tasty clones: Is cloned meat good for you. True State of the Planet.
BIBLIOGRAPHY DeFazio, Frank. Are We Eating Cloned Meat? 2017. 26 09 2018 <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-we-eating-cloned-meat/>.
Drewnowski, Adam and Petra Eichelsdoerfer. “Can Low-Income Americans Afford a Healthy Diet?” Nutr Today, 44(6) (2010): 246–249.
Levitt, Tom. These Are The Reasons You Might Quit Meat In 2018. 2017. 17 03 2019 <https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/plant-based-protein-burger_us_5a392ed6e4b0860bf4ab477a>.
Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. Penguin, 2007.
