What's Most Needed In Your Jurisdiction?

Title page

What's needed in the jurisdiction

The jurisdiction stresses on responding to the disaster and emergency situations appropriately. The Federal Emergency Management Institute (FEMA) has established mitigation framework for managing risks through mitigation strategies. The framework defined the core mitigation capabilities for reducing the loss of property and lives resulting from the disaster. The framework also stresses on raising risk awareness and leveraging mitigation products and services all across the country. The risk management response is aimed at contributing to the welfare of the communities and the environment. It is also focused on identifying how hazardous events can be controlled and minimized.

The process starts with understanding the hazards and evaluating the likelihood of the consequences. It then prepares a response and adopts recovery measures when the emergency event occurs. Ongoing risk identification is also an important part of the process CITATION JBu06 \l 1033 (Bullock, Haddow, & Coppola, 2006). The important objectives include protecting the lives of the people and the welfare of persons. The economic aspects stress on maintaining and growing the state's productive capacity and revenues. The social settings ensure the maintenance of public order by providing safety to the people. The state ensures that an effective system is available that is governed under the rule of law. Maintaining functionality of the infrastructure is also part of the jurisdiction including key transport infrastructure and healthcare utilities. It also focuses on efficient management of the emergency services. The jurisdiction also aims at protecting the environment and biodiversity.

The jurisdiction stresses on increasing resilience of the emergencies management and representing it as a collective responsibility of all sectors involving government and non-government agencies. Resilience declines the possibilities of disasters and reduces vulnerabilities by taking actions in advance. Social and physical capacity is strengthened that acts to cope with environmental issues and adapt according to the situation. improved system of resilience requires understating the risks and communicating them at different levels of the community. FEMA has a role in empowering individuals and the community for responding in the best possible way for eliminating the consequences of disasters. An integrated approach is adopted that allows all agencies to act in a coordinated manner. The decisions are made at the lower level while the command and control rest within the top management. The activities of emergency management go beyond the local community’s capability CITATION JBu06 \l 1033 (Bullock, Haddow, & Coppola, 2006). The support is obtained from the state, district and interstate levels. Coordination and integration are effective tools used for facilitating coherent actions that involve all partners.

The stakeholders include the state, non-state agencies, the agencies and partners who are involved in the decision-making. The stakeholders are responsible for deciding the policy measures that lead to the maximization of community welfare by mitigation of risks of hazardous events. The policy measures emphasize on raising awareness among community and people regarding emergency situations and provide guidance for responding in a way that maximizes the community's chances of survival. Critical emergency management requires assessments, evaluation and identification of measures that lead to the promotion of safety at the national level.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bullock, J., Haddow, G., & Coppola, D. (2006). Introduction to homeland security: principles of all-hazards risk management (5th ed.). Waltham: Elsevier.

WORK WITH DIVERSE PEOPLE



Work With Diverse People

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Work With Diverse People

Question No 1

The concepts of cultural awareness, cultural safety and cultural competence are important in the context of a diverse workplace. Explain what these concepts are and how they impact on the different work roles across the community services sector. 

Cultural Awareness

Cultural awareness is the understanding of differences themselves and people from other societies, nations and backgrounds especially in terms of values and attitudes. Cultural Safety

Cultural awareness puts huge impact in different that a person performs in the workplace as well as it contributes a lot to work efficiency if it has been understood properly (Gerlach, 2012). The first is, it creates cultural awareness guidelines and policies for each role at the workplace. Second is diversity is always a good opportunity for workers/employees to learn new things and cultural awareness create this diversity by allowing people to listen to others' stories and ask them to expand their knowledge.

Cultural safety

Cultural safety is the one person's effective nursing practice or family from other culture which is determined by that concerned person or family. These things include but not limited to age, gender, status, occupation, spiritual belief and religion and any disability etc.

The impact of work safety on different roles in the workplace is positive because it stresses the importance of accepting differences. Means that we should not treat every single person or group as the same and we have to acknowledge our blind spot before making any related decision (Gerlach, 2012).

Cultural Competency

Cultural competency is the set of behaviours, policies and attitudes that make a system or agency that allows cross-cultural people and groups to work professionally in all the situations.

In today's, there is a huge impact on cultural competency overall roles in the workplace. For having the ability to work in a professional way at the workplace, it is very important for every role and person that he or she must be able to work with diverse people or groups. The impact of cultural competency can be identified that in the current time all organizations look for those who have highly diverse experience across the community service sector (Gerlach, 2012). Beyond that, by having cultural competencies, all the employees of all levels would be able to feel valued and willing to work professionally in all situations which leads to work efficiency.

Question No 2

Explain diversity and what respect for diversity in the workplace means. 

Diversity

Diversity is to understand each individual or each person is different and unique and to recognize our individual differences. These things can be along with the dimensions of race, gender, sex, social and economic status, ethnicity age, religion, physical abilities and or other ideologies.

In the workplace, diversity is the feature of the mixed workforce which provides a wider range of capabilities, experiences, strengths and knowledge because of ethnicity, background, religious and political beliefs, physical abilities, sexual and other contributions (Gerlach, 2012). As well as cases/situation where different batch sizes, distribution channels and other product mixes.

Question No 3

Community attitudes and structures of culture, language and workplace policies influence people and groups and will all have an impact on community services work. Briefly explain the impact of each of these things. If necessary conduct independent research.

Impact of Culture

There is a number of cultural components that influence the way how to interact with other people, including national culture, corporate culture and other cultural styles. The elements of culture that influence are:

How work can be conducted?

Behaviour and styles

Use of our language

How to face challenges and conflicts

How we go for creation of the relationship.

Impact of Language

Language is the most crucial components that have an impact on the workplace. In the workplace, language is the most powerful tool through which individuals and groups make inclusion among each other (teams) as well as it is a powerful tool for creating exclusion. Talking to each other through language builds a workplace culture where each member feel valued, feel a part of the culture and respect instead of disrespect and felling under-valued (Joshee, 2007). Inclusive workplace culture is built after the impact of language on the workplace culture on community service work which is high-performance culture and deliver higher and greater performance and productivity (Gerlach, 2012). In short, that language puts the highest impact than any other components.

Workplace Policies

There are several ways in which workplace policies influence groups and people and have impact community service work. These policies influence people or group in terms of how people or a person perform and conduct their work, how they face and manage challenges, how they resolve conflicts, how they create relationships as well as how and what kind of language they use (Gerlach, 2012). It further influences a person's values, culture, and beliefs which put an impact on the community service work.

Question No 4

Explain how diverse political, social, economic and cultural factors impact on work and the lives of people in society.

Political Factors and their Impact

Political factors always come as the most crucial factors when studying the impact of different factors on work and society. Different organizations could have various arrangements about guideline or deregulation, for instance. On the off chance that a legislative organization deregulates administrations, for example, health programs and health insurance policies a community service organization around there could have fewer guidelines. In certain nations, the soundness or flimsiness of a routine could influence the capacity of a community service organization to give administrations to the community (Gerlach, 2012). Subsequently, community service organizations need modern data about government strategies and guidelines. Beyond that, political factors have an impact on society in many ways but they highly affect the economic development of the society. Some ways through which political factors affect the economic development of the society are:

Type of Regime

Political Stability and Instability

Policy Management

Corruption and Trade laws

Economic Factors and their Impact

A monetary downturn could, for instance, because expanded requests on a community service organization yet could diminish subsidizing to the association. A superior economy could diminish requests and improve the financial health of the organization through government stipends and network subsidizing (Gerlach, 2012). Along these lines, community service organizations need data about their financial limits and subsidizing, and that data should be refreshed in an auspicious manner.

Social Factors and their Impact

Social Elements could incorporate the maturing of the populace, which would put requests on a community service organization managing the old, or populace development, which could expand requests on an organization managing children or families (Gerlach, 2012). Accordingly, a community service organization needs state-of-the-art data about population and other social elements.

Cultural Factors and their Impact

Cultural factors have a positive impact on the workplace because:

It helps in attracting potential and required talent

It facilitates retention and engagement

It puts a positive impact on happiness and satisfaction as well affects performance

In terms of society, cultural factors affect language styles, public communication, standards and living and many other ways which are being affected by the cultural factors which also leads to affect the daily life of people (Joshee, 2007).

Question No 5

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Discrimination

On the national and local level, there are several factors which can be kept considered regarding discrimination. Those discriminations may be human rights, right and responsibilities of employees or workers, worker and clients.

On the local or national level the major factors are:

Equal Employment Opportunity Provision

Every signal citizen of the country wants that equal employment opportunity should be provided to them by the state as well as by the organizations. In terms of employment, every person expects a positive response from employer(s) so if they have not been considered with equal employment opportunity then they might challenge the employer in the court (Gerlach, 2012).

Equal Human Right

Every single person in the country wants to avail all the human rights which they have from the stateside and which they deserve. These rights include but not limited

Disability Discriminations

Racial Discrimination

Sexual Discrimination

Australian citizenship rights of individuals.

On the International Level, the major factors which should be considered in discriminations are mostly. Workplace health and safety consideration by the employers for their employees.

Provision of equal employment opportunity

State and territory acts for human rights

Overseas citizens’ rights

Environmental considerations by international organizations

Duty of care

Provision of support to the learner which is appropriate to their needs.

Treating the client as the business partner by the company or organization

Question No 6

There are a number of specific areas of diversity, the characteristics of which must be taken into consideration with regard to legislative compliance and support for human rights. List six of the key areas of diversity.

There is a number of diversity consideration with regard to legislative compliance and support for human rights but the most important are:

Race, culture and Ethnicity

Disability

Spiritual and religious beliefs

Gender and intersex

Generational considerations

Sexual identity or orientation.

Question No7

The historical issues and conditions that have shaped relationships with mainstream Australia

The Aboriginal people who live today and their time and experience of living in Australian society with the historical legacy have several significant impacts on their lives and livings (Trewin, & Madden, 2005). The major things that have shaped this relationship are:

The 60,000 years before the arrival of European

Projection, segregation from 1890 to the early of 1950

Integration, self-determination as well as self-management from 19667 to the mid of 1990

Reconciliation from 1990 to 2000

Beyond that, other conditions and reasons or issue are:

The emotional impact on Aboriginal people for their own as well as their families experiences

The barriers of learning and gaining skills of living (like their separation from families)

The lack of trust in different institutions

Current Social, Political and Economic Issues Affecting Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander People

Economic Issue

Education and income make the person capable to engage and influence society. Aboriginal Australians have the lowest economic status in the country. poorly socio-economical and hardships in education and employment as well poverty, financial instability, homelessness, family breakdown, crime and social illusion etc. in current time, those are the things which affect the lives of Aboriginal people, as well as they, suffer disproportionality domestic violence and over-representation injustice system (Trewin, & Madden, 2005).

Social and Political Factors

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander face the highest level of racism in the country (Australia). Aboriginal Australian grow up with learning only two kinds of histories; memories preserved by their families and humiliating history taught at school level (Joshee, 2007). Reconciliation can occur when sovereignty is acknowledged through the past injustice experiences, property rights and other cultural practices.

The way in which Western or mainstream systems and structures can be perceived by and can impact on Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people and their engagement with services

The way in which Western or mainstream systems and structures can be perceived by and can impact on Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people and their engagement with services is listed and discussed below.

The way in which many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people engage with community services is the partnership engagement in early childhood services and engaged with them in natural resource management activities (Trewin, & Madden, 2005). Another way is engaging in health programs as well as they can be strongly engaged with the community if the engagement programs work well and fine.

Beyond that, NGO partnership with Indigenous organization is also a way through which many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people engage with community services.

Question No 8

List of Marginalized Groups

Senior Citizen

People of below average Intelligence

Physically challenged people

People living in extreme poverty

People with disfigurements

Gifted & Talented people

Question No 9

 Resources that could help service organizations embrace and respond to diversity

Hasenfeld, Y., & Paton, A. (1983). Human service organizations (p. 50). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 70(12), 3321-3323. MacArthur, R. H., & MacArthur, J. W. (1961).

On bird species diversity. Ecology, 42(3), 594-598. Wilson, E. O. (1999). The diversity of life. WW Norton & Company.

Diversity in Organizations | Boundless Management. (2019). Courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 9 May 2019, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/diversity-in-organizations/

(2019). Bizfluent.com. Retrieved 9 May 2019, from https://bizfluent.com/info-12076820-organizational-diversity-workplace.html

Introduction to Organizational Diversity - Meaning and Important Concepts. (2019). Managementstudyguide.com. Retrieved 9 May 2019, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/organizational-diversity.htm

Why Diversity Is Important In Organisations?. (2015). Linkedin.com. Retrieved 9 May 2019, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-diversity-important-organisations-siyana-sokolova

Multicultural Australia Links Multicultural Organisations. (2019). Multiculturalaustralia.edu.au. Retrieved 9 May 2019, from http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/links/to/Multicultural-Organisations

How to: managing cultural diversity in community care - Australian Ageing Agenda. (2015). Australian Ageing Agenda. Retrieved 9 May 2019, from https://www.australianageingagenda.com.au/2015/08/20/how-to-managing-cultural-diversity-in-community-care/

Question No 10

Australian society is made up of diverse communities and/or social groups. Explain briefly how these diverse groups influenced and changed Australian society.

There is a number of ways in which above mentioned diverse groups of Australia influenced and changed the overall society of Australia but the main and highly noticeable three ways are mentioned and discussed below.

Diverse groups and communities of Australia have redefined the multiculturalism of the country. It has also been considered by the communities that more than 300 social groups have contributed to the country has played a huge role in every aspect of life and success of the nation. So based on that statement, the groups and communities shared their rights and responsibilities with no specific specialties while they considered all and themselves as same (Trewin, & Madden, 2005).

In terms of laws, rules, policies and democracy, they have worked to bring the same processes and rules for the entire nation. In other words that they changed society by defining the same rules and policies for all the groups and societies or communities.

The group also worked one provision of regular interfaith and intercultural dialogue which has been found as the way that influenced and changed Australian society (Trewin, & Madden, 2005).

Question No 11

Explain how diversity practices and experiences impact on personal behaviour, interpersonal relationships, perceptions and the social expectations of others in the workplace

Diversity practices impact interpersonal skills by/through our unique capabilities which shape our style, that being a professional, we communicate and talk, how we address things, how we deal and make decisions as well as how we make relations.

The effects of cultural diversity in the working environment can be both good and horrible. Some negative impacts incorporate broken clashes, lost efficiency, and trouble to accomplish amicability in gathering settings.

Beneficial outcomes incorporate a solid information base made by an assortment of social encounters, an in-house asset of cultural trainers and sources, and a more noteworthy inclination to extend the business in foreign cultures (Trewin, & Madden, 2005). Generally, the impacts of social-cultural diversity in the working environment rely on how well they are being overseen by the authoritative pioneers. With appropriate vital arranging, top administration can improve the constructive outcomes and lessen the negative impacts of social-cultural diversity in the workplace.

Presentation is the watchword. You become presented to newer ways and ways of life or societies. As of right now, you get the opportunity to pick which credits to assimilate or dismiss dependent on your circumspection of value. Henceforth, this process of change or decision to add certain qualities to yourself dependent on your ongoing knowledge will clearly affect your personal behaviour.

References

Gerlach, A. J. (2012). A critical reflection on the concept of cultural safety. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(3), 151-158.

Joshee, R. (2007). Opportunities for social justice work: The Ontario diversity policy web. Journal of Educational Administration and Foundations, 18(1-2), 171-199.

Trewin, D., & Madden, R. (2005). The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Canberra, Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Would Victims Be Better Off Armed?

Would Victims Be Better Off Armed?

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Would Victims Be Better Off Armed?

Arms and ammunition can never be helpful in attaining peace and order in society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uz6Dheuz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kleck, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Kleck, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2010,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/Z7PRLPAX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/Z7PRLPAX"],"itemData":{"id":2010,"type":"book","title":"Point blank: Guns and violence in America","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Point blank","author":[{"family":"Kleck","given":"Gary"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kleck, 2017). Carrying guns regularly is not something healthy for everlasting social order. Keeping in inherent nature of weapons in context, it cannot bs suggested that victims would be better off armed. This is primarily of the following reasons. The first and foremost is that weapons perpetrate even more violence in society and this would be exacerbated with the concealed weapon permit laws. Even people with guns cannot stop cruelties as illustrated in El Paso, and Dayton shootings ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"zKNWpwfu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Moore & Berman, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Moore & Berman, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2008,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/AVTQZXQ4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/AVTQZXQ4"],"itemData":{"id":2008,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"El Paso suspect said he was targeting ‘Mexicans,’ told officers he was the shooter, police say","container-title":"Washington Post","section":"National","source":"www.washingtonpost.com","abstract":"The 21-year-old is accused of killing 22 people at an El Paso Walmart.","URL":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/el-paso-suspect-said-he-was-targeting-mexicans-told-officers-he-was-the-shooter-police-say/2019/08/09/ab235e18-bac9-11e9-b3b4-2bb69e8c4e39_story.html","ISSN":"0190-8286","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Moore","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Berman","given":"Mark"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",8,9]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",8,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Moore & Berman, 2019). Moreover, the evidence that guns relaxation laws by National Rifle Associations after the tragedy of Sandy Hook proved little in preventing mass shootings in American society. So, arming civilians against criminals is not a feasible solution ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"YiOUEvL2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(P\\uc0\\u233{}rez, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Pérez, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2012,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/KXB4JG4X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/KXB4JG4X"],"itemData":{"id":2012,"type":"article-journal","title":"“God Bless Texas. God Bless the NRA” Problematizing Texas Teachers as Armed Protectors in the Aftermath of Sandy Hook","container-title":"Cultural Studies↔ Critical Methodologies","page":"140–146","volume":"17","issue":"2","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Pérez","given":"Michelle Salazar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Pérez, 2017). Furthermore, a professor from Stanford Law school affirms that unless citizens are well-trained in using guns, arming people with concealed guns will be counterproductive in nature ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"eYkLv0dF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ayres & Donohue III, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Ayres & Donohue III, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2014,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZRFU73LR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZRFU73LR"],"itemData":{"id":2014,"type":"article-journal","title":"Yet Another Refutation of the More Guns, Less Crime Hypothesis-With Some Help From Moody and Marvell.","container-title":"Econ Journal Watch","volume":"6","issue":"1","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Ayres","given":"Ian"},{"family":"Donohue III","given":"John J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ayres & Donohue III, 2009).

This arming victims is not a realistic approach in dealing with criminal activities as the philosophy of “good guy with a gun” cannot prevent violence at all and this is the reason that shooting happens even till date ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"oS05UmN9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bushman, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Bushman, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2017,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/9ZJ3MY9M"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/9ZJ3MY9M"],"itemData":{"id":2017,"type":"article-journal","title":"Guns automatically prime aggressive thoughts, regardless of whether a “good guy” or “bad guy” holds the gun","container-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","page":"727–733","volume":"9","issue":"6","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Bushman","given":"Brad J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bushman, 2018). Even this hypothesis of arming citizens or victims with adequate weaponry in states where Republicans had control failed in bringing any significant effect. In this context, the victims would not be any better off with arms. Arming people with guns and providing them guns even with a concealed permit law is not beneficial as a statistics by FBI in 2015 reveals that firearm assaults were 6.89 times more prevalent in states with more guns as compared to those states with the least available guns ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"W7eMR3Oq","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Azrael, Hepburn, Hemenway, & Miller, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Azrael, Hepburn, Hemenway, & Miller, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2020,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/UWJHMYC2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/UWJHMYC2"],"itemData":{"id":2020,"type":"article-journal","title":"The stock and flow of US firearms: results from the 2015 National Firearms Survey","container-title":"RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences","page":"38–57","volume":"3","issue":"5","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"The stock and flow of US firearms","author":[{"family":"Azrael","given":"Deborah"},{"family":"Hepburn","given":"Lisa"},{"family":"Hemenway","given":"David"},{"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Azrael, Hepburn, Hemenway, & Miller, 2017). Hence, only faint evidences suggest that arming victims is a good idea to prevent shootings. So, victims are better without secret arms as carrying arms easily bring more violence in society.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayres, I., & Donohue III, J. J. (2009). Yet Another Refutation of the More Guns, Less Crime Hypothesis-With Some Help From Moody and Marvell. Econ Journal Watch, 6(1).

Azrael, D., Hepburn, L., Hemenway, D., & Miller, M. (2017). The stock and flow of US firearms: Results from the 2015 National Firearms Survey. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 3(5), 38–57.

Bushman, B. J. (2018). Guns automatically prime aggressive thoughts, regardless of whether a “good guy” or “bad guy” holds the gun. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9(6), 727–733.

Kleck, G. (2017). Point blank: Guns and violence in America. Routledge.

Moore, R., & Berman, M. (2019, August 9). El Paso suspect said he was targeting ‘Mexicans,’ told officers he was the shooter, police say. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/el-paso-suspect-said-he-was-targeting-mexicans-told-officers-he-was-the-shooter-police-say/2019/08/09/ab235e18-bac9-11e9-b3b4-2bb69e8c4e39_story.html

Pérez, M. S. (2017). “God Bless Texas. God Bless the NRA” Problematizing Texas Teachers as Armed Protectors in the Aftermath of Sandy Hook. Cultural Studies↔ Critical Methodologies, 17(2), 140–146.

Write A Critical Review Of Up To 1000 Words Of Három Gyermek, Három Sors (Three Children, Three Destinies).

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Submitted to

Assignment

Date

Dynamics of society

The one-hour documentary film about three young children and their families living in Hungary under widely differing circumstances was produced by Open University (Great Britain) and Hunnia Film Studio (Budapest). The story presents the economic, cultural, and environmental characteristics of the three locations, which limit or even enhance children's hope for a better future. At the same time, the film gives an insight into the lives of socially sensitive people who, with their hopeful support, help those who need it most. Socialization is the process and result of assimilation and reproduction by an individual of social experience, a system of social ties and relations. Bronfenbrenner and Maslow theories are effective in understanding the dynamics of society.

The Suction Power of Poverty

Additionally, the Suction Power of Poverty makes us sound to poor people. That's why we put so much into the Whirl, and that's why the movie's title is: Harom grermek harom sors. As soon as one recognize an individual in poverty who has the same rights to a normal life, you can no longer turn around or downplay yourself because you are being sucked in for wanting to do.

Understanding socialization as constructing sociality allows us to overcome the tradition of “hard” determinism in solving the problem of interaction between the individual and society. At present, the problem of constructing by the subject of the social world is an independent subject of analysis, composing the content of the psychology of social cognition. G. M. Andreeva under construction means "bringing information about the world into the system, organizing this information into connected structures in order to comprehend its meaning. (Berry379)

It is important to understand that how early childhood experiences fundamentally determine life. In these villages I see lively little children who are able to rejoice despite the cold, the lack of food, the crumbling poor buildings and the preconceptions of their surroundings, but as children accept their situation. But as they begin to grow up, the effects of their adverse lives begin to strike at them. As women see life on TV and in school as the "rich" live, children gradually become aware of their own opportunities. Poverty is inherited. They are going deeper into the prejudices of others, losing hope in themselves and in the state that should help them.

So it's not surprising that they turn to petty crime, early pregnancy, disillusionment, outbursts of anger, depression, suicide. Without hope, what's left in life is just a moment-to-moment chase after a little enjoyment, a little food, or anything that fills the space.

Exposure

Vortex reveals the hardships and grave situations that this little-known community is experiencing. In one touching scene, a 14-year-old girl who had just committed a suicide attempt tells her mother that her only desire is to escape / escape. The family worker social worker collapses because he feels helpless and powerless in this hopeless situation. The experience of making this film changed my life because the situation of these young people is so difficult and barren. The film aims to raise the European Community's awareness of these issues, including child poverty and the situation of the Hungarian Roma community. Maslow described this system of motivation for activity that has developed as a result of socialization in terms of a hierarchy of dominant needs. Five levels of hierarchy reflect five sets of core goals; actualization of each next set is possible only after the needs of the underlying levels are realized.

In August 2009, director Csaba Szekeres and creative producer John Oates traveled to Told, a village near the Hungarian-Romanian border, to show us the everyday plight of children living in extreme poverty. For more than six months, the continuous presence-based filming has followed the lives of people whose fate has been sealed by unemployment, hunger, and usury.

If individual development systems described by Bronfenbrenner . There is a direct functional correspondence between the six phases of human socialization and the hierarchy of dominant needs described by A. Maslow : after the completion of the first phase, an individual acquires the ability to separate himself from the outside world and starting from the second phase of socialization, during each phase of socialization, a person acquires the ability actualize the next (out of five) levels of the hierarchy of dominant needs. The fifth level of the hierarchy of needs is accessible only to man.

When studying the general laws of development, explanatory schemes built on the basis of one parameter are most convenient. As follows from the previous analysis, such a parameter in human development is the size of the circle of people whose behavior the individual is able to adequately assess in real time. “at each stage of human childhood, we see an expanding radius of potential social interactions and new connections between needs and driving forces of the development of the individual (Bejan, Adrian, and Gilbert 27)

Personal Attention

The documentary tried to become a film of trust and personal devotion. One thing, however, becomes very important for us to have the opportunity to rethink our poorly functioning stereotypes about poverty. It might be worth it.

In addition to portraying the problem of poverty through fates and stories, the film seeks to reliably convey personal and intimate moments. He does not judge, does not seek those responsible, he is simply present. The birth of a developed system of forms of indirect communication did not have any effect on the size of the circle of direct communication.

The director of the documentry , defines the essence of the film as follows: “The film reveals the depths of faces, human destinies, seemingly incomprehensible decisions and hopelessness. Through the canvas these people come so close to us that their destiny makes us think and encourage us to act. Only then does the question arise: but what can be done? What needs to be done? ” (László1)

The movie is the most helpful way to get the viewer the desire to do what and how to find answers after watching it. Prejudices and stereotypes. According to Atkinson, one of the most important tools for its elimination is cognition. Those who do not know, do not want to know, do not look for faces or destinies. That doesn't mean they don't exist.

Self-actualization

The presence of two additional periods of socialization that distinguish humans from other animals that provides a meaningful correspondence between the hierarchy of dominant needs described by A. Maslow and the ecological hierarchy of individual development systems described by W. Bronfenbrenner . For example, it is easy to see that the full realization of human potential (or, as A. Maslow puts it, self-actualization) is possible only as a result of the full inclusion of an individual in the process of “making a human history”, that is, it is accessible only to a mature person of 30-60 years of age participating in the processes of formation and change of self-sufficient social reality. Self-actualization understood in this way is inaccessible to young people and even more so inaccessible to younger members of human society. (Bland, Andrew and Eugene 32)

The new theory of socialization allows you to accurately determine the way of life of sentient beings on other planets, and primarily their physiological and environmental characteristics, as well as the parameters of their civilizational development. The process of socialization required for the formation and existence of a rational creature can only be realized by anthropomorphic bisexual individuals with an endogenous skeleton, formed on land as a result of Darwinian evolution and mastered upright posture.

Works cited

Berry, Judy O. "Families and deinstitutionalization: An application of Bronfenbrenner's social

ecology model." Journal of Counseling & Development 73.4 (1995): 379-383.

Bejan, Adrian, and Gilbert W. Merkx, eds. Constructal theory of social dynamics. New York:

Springer, 2007.32

Bland, Andrew M., and Eugene M. DeRobertis. "Maslow’s unacknowledged contributions to

developmental psychology." Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2017): 0022167817739732.

László, Németh. "Three Children's Chances…." 2007 European Year of Equal Opportunities for

All: 105.

#3 Ethical Dilemma Discussion Paper

Title page

Ethical dilemma# 3

The case reveals that a registered sex offender molested and murdered a 9-years old girl at a shopping mall. However, the criminal record of the offender indicates that he had not committed any violence. There is no other suspect with the same means, opportunity, and motives. As little physical evidence exists that could prove him guilty it is important to undertake a critical investigation. The postmortem reports confirm that the suspect has murdered the girl because of his fingerprints match. Now the decision of telling the criminal that he lost his change of confessing faces an ethical dilemma. The ethical issues that arise in the current scenario are; presenting information and facts to the prosecutor, denying or accepting offender’s right to confession.

The relevant values of the current case involve judgment of desirability and worth. Pollock states, “values are defined as elements of desirability, worth or importance” (Pollock, 2006, pp. 11). Honesty remains one of the central value in investigating such cases. As an investigator, I would focus on fulfilling my ethical duty that emphasizes on values of honesty and worth. The judgment of desirability stresses on considering ethics associated with the offender and the victim. It is not appropriate to think about the offender only because he was responsible for the murder of a young girl. I would consider these values for fulfilling my role as a homicide investigator and avoid dishonesty. This is because morality relies on absolute principles and promotes honesty and integrity. The registered sex offender accepts to confess so it would be unfair to hide it from the prosecutor.

It is important to identify moral dilemmas before resolving them. Moral dilemma leads to a situation where an individual has to choose among alternatives. I will compare both outcomes associated with the scenario for reaching the right decision. During my internship I would have to prove my competency of resolving moral dilemmas so I will make a thorough analysis of the situation. The first thing that would consider is that if the lesser crime will be effective for correcting the offender or will it encourage him towards future crimes. It is also important to consider that he only confessed when reports confirmed his fingerprints. The offender accepts his crime when I tell him that he is facing a death penalty. This indicates that he was not ready to modify his behavior and attempted to conceal his offense. The second important thing is to focus on how the death penalty will affect the offender.

It is crucial to identify the most immediate ethical issue faced by the investigator. I will consider the outcomes of each decision such as the implications of confession and the death penalty. In such a situation, I will recognize choosing between these two courses of actions as immediate ethical issues requiring resolution. To deal with the conflicting situations I will assess the behavior of the offender and his role in the investigation. He denied murder and accepted it only when I told him about the death penalty. This indicates that he was trying to deceive the investigator. The second ethical issue in the present scenario is to determine if it is ethical to inform the prosecutor about the offender's decision of confessing.

The most relevant ethical system applicable in the present scenario is utilitarianism. It explains that the ethical course of action would be that leads to the benefit of the greater number. This emphasizes on taking the decision that is in the best interest of the masses. According to this philosophy, it will also be appropriate to cause suffering to few for the advantage of the larger population. I will use this philosophy for determining the right course of action. Although the offender is ready to confess and qualify for the lesser crime, but he still is capable of harming other girls and society. This explains that it is important to punish the offender and act for saving the larger numbers. I think that the offender is guilty of murder, so it is not reasonable to trust him. According to this philosophy leaving a criminal unpunished is unethical because it risks the lives of a larger population.

The ethical system of formalism is also applicable in the current case. Ethical formalism explains that one should emphasize on the needs of people that are needed to be addressed. As the young girl lost her life so it is important to take actions that will save many girls from murder. On the other side formalism also emphasize on addressing the needs of the offender. This suggests that it would be moral to inform the prosecutor about the offender's request for confessing. Denying him of such request will be unethical because it is high right to claim for a lesser crime. Keeping in view the ethical formalism I would inform the prosecutor about the offender's intentions of confessing. Refusing him of such right will be immoral.

The application of the utilitarianism and ethical formalism states that information the prosecutor about the offender's confession is the moral and right decision. Utilitarianism also states that one should choose the right action. This indicates that staying honest is a right and morally just decision. By denying the offender of confessing and concealing it from the prosecutor will make me dishonest and unethical. I will tell the truth and forward the request of the criminal.

References

Pollock, J. M. (2006). Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice. Cengage Learning.

#4 Ethical Dilemma Discussion Paper

Title page

Ethical dilemma

Case

Identify the facts and dilemma

As a prosecutor, I believe that children usually go out with adults. The older brother of the girl is guilty of a crime. The court waived him to an adult system, but the parents demand that he must be sent to the juvenile court. Keeping in view my ethical role I will send the boy to a juvenile court because in the adult system he will face challenges that can destruct his personality. Virtue ethics supports the decision of sending the child to a juvenile court. The ethical dilemma focuses on choosing the right course of action for an adult. The dilemma in the current scenario includes; whether the boy should be pushed to the adult system or to the juvenile system. Sending the boy to juvenile court will give the opportunity of changing his behavior. While in adult court he will not receive rehabilitative programs. The main ethical concerns reveal if it is appropriate to send the boy to an adult jail or not. Adult jails are capable of causing more damages to the offenders.

Relevant values

The value of worth is applicable in the present scenario because it explains usefulness and importance of decisions or things. Value is considered as something that is good, but all values are morally relative. In taking the decision, the prosecutor needs to determine its value and how it promotes good. The act is judged on the basis of four elements that include acts, humans and free will. It emphasizes on the decision to be made that affects others. Moral behaviors stress on what we do and its implications of others (Pollock, 2006, pp. 24). Moral values are also known as relative values that have dual functions because they protect self and others. It is important for the prosecutor to determine if the values are working appropriately or not. The prosecutor must consider the value associated with each action. The course of action offering high worth is ethical.

Moral dilemmas

Conflict with formal moral ethics emerges because of the prosecutor face "pressures of getting convictions rather than pursuing justice" (Pollock, 2006, pp. 253). The legal culture and past practices have a significant influence on his decision. This can affect the neutrality of the decision. Moral dilemma refers to the situation in which an individual has to choose between two actions.

Sending the offender to the juvenile court.

Sending the offender to adult court.

Immediate ethical issue

The immediate ethical issue faced by the prosecutor is to identify the right course of punishment for the boy. The boy can be sent to an adult jail or remain in a juvenile facility. The decision of the prosecutor will have direct impacts on the life of a boy. Positive law is written by the society and is weaker depicting that the prosecutor can take appropriate decision that will not eliminate the chances of boy's recovery. Sending him to the adult court can remove his chances of receiving the rehabilitative intervention. While in the juvenile system he will have a better opportunity of quitting his offensive behavior. The decision made by the prosecutor will also have long-lasting impacts on the life of a young offender.

Resolving ethical dilemma

In resolving the ethical dilemma, the prosecutor has to consider the outcomes of each action. Ethics of virtue states that one should act according to duties and by considering the consequences of actions. It states, “the virtues are implanted in us neither by nature nor contrary to nature: we are by nature equipped with the ability to receive them and habit brings this ability to completion and fulfillment” (Pollock, 2006, pp. 26). The resolution of the dilemma depends on the prosecutor's ability to take the right decision. Virtue ethics conforms to the principles of Golden means. The prosecutor must consider the outcomes of the actions. By sending the boy to adult jail, he will have fewer chances of overcoming his offensive behavior. This is because the adult system doesn’t focus on rehabilitative programs such as counseling and education. It is thus important to identify with action leads to the best results.

An ethical dilemma can also be resolved by applying the system of ethical formalism. The system relies on the philosophy that judgments will lead to maximum human welfare. In choosing the right course of action, the prosecutor will compare actions and their impact on the individual. In the present scenario, the prosecutor will choose the action that will promote human well-being. Formal ethics emphasize on formal characteristics of moral judgment and offer a complete solution. It also emphasizes on moral duties of an individual. Formalism is based on principles of absolutism. It is focused on addressing the needs of an individual such as in the present case the need of young boy is rehabilitation. An actual moral act is of greater value according to this system. To resolve the ethical dilemma, the prosecutor will send the boy to a juvenile facility because it provides a greater opportunity for human welfare. Application of the ethical formalism supports the decision of sending the boy to a juvenile facility. This is for his betterment and improvement. The other side of the system emphasizes on taking action that causes damage to the person in need. This indicates that sending the boy to adult jail is morally wrong because there he will lack adequate support in the form of counseling and intervention programs.

References

Pollock, J. M. (2006). Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice. Cengage Learning.

$6 Lunch

$6 LUNCH

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

$6 LUNCH

Weekends in Brewster NY are always scintillating with my sister at our beloved uncle’s home. They have an exquisite bagel shop for 13 years and are the masters in the town. Each morning after walking around the village combined with the soothing beauty of the lake and the horse farms, we then go in Bethel Connecticut which is 25 min drive from there and we stop to eat there. The moment you step foot in the place, a divine experience is witnessed. In the quest to serve the most scrumptious experience, the employees know almost all their customers by name and while making their sandwiches they chat over casual conversations with others to cultivate a traditional ambiance. The place is very cozy and clean and yet very busy, the aroma is mixed with freshly baked delicious bagels and freshly brewed coffee. They have a variety of mouthwatering bagels and sandwiches to choose from but like everyone else I have my favorite there, and before even talking they know what I want. What I crave from the very depths of my taste buds is a bagel with lox. Most people that already eat this classic combination are huge fans of it, so am I. There really is a lot to love about lox and bagels — somewhat salty and buttery cured salmon, rich jalapeno veggie cream cheese, a crunchy toasted bagel plus the zesty complimenting flavors of red onion, sliced tomatoes, and capers. The classic combination heavenly together. If you’re a seafood fan at heart or not, I think you should give this Lox sandwich a try. It gives you a roller coaster ride of delicious taste. There’s salty, creamy, crunchy, chewy and divine, all in one bite! All that pleasure comes in only $6 price, only at Bagel Crossing Connecticut.

(A Thematic Title)

Changing Roles of Spouses in American Institution of Marriage

Student’s Name

Professor’s Name

Subject

University

Executive Summary

This presentation consists of two parts. The first part provides an introduction focusing on the traditional legal nature of the institution of marriage and family in the United States. The details have been provided in the first two sections, i.e., Introduction and Terms of the Traditional Legal Marriage Contract. The second part three of the most significant changes to the legal regulation of marriage/the family. It consists of four sections namely, Fundamental Changes in the Legal Regulation of Marriage/Family, Stereotyped Parenting Roles, Transgender Parents, and Interracial Marriages. The concluding remarks to the presentation have been provided in the last section, i.e., Concluding Remarks.

Table of Contents

TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc421331388 \h 2

Section I: Introduction PAGEREF _Toc421331389 \h 4

Section II: Terms of the Traditional Legal Marriage Contract PAGEREF _Toc421331390 \h 4

Section III: Fundamental Changes in the Legal Regulation of Marriage/Family PAGEREF _Toc421331391 \h 4

Section IV: Stereotyped Parenting Roles PAGEREF _Toc421331392 \h 4

Section V: Transgender Parents PAGEREF _Toc421331393 \h 5

Section VI: Interracial Marriages PAGEREF _Toc421331394 \h 6

Section VII: Concluding Remarks PAGEREF _Toc421331395 \h 6

References PAGEREF _Toc421331396 \h 7

Section I: Introduction

The marriage contract is different from other regular, commercial contracts. It is a social contract, in which the terms of the contract remain unknown to the contracting parties, penalties are unspecified, and terms and conditions are unwritten. Primarily, the spouses are not informed of the terms, nor are they allowed to make any changes to these terms. As a matter of fact, many scholars and researchers wonder that how many men and women would agree to enter into the contract of marriage today if they are allowed to read the terms and make changes to them. It also gives rise to the situational question that why such an unusual contract still exists in modern day societies.

As a matter of fact, state contains a paramount interest in the continuation of the tradition family institution in the country. However, in the past century, the American society has undergone profound transformations. For this reason, the long-standing legal system supporting the traditional family institution may now appear to be highly anachronistic. Also, the conventional picture of the legal conception of marriage has now been challenged by the recent constitutional interpretations. For instance, in the recent case of Griswold versus Connecticut, the court held that the states have no autonomy in the laws and rules governing marital status. Therefore, it is high time to reconsider, in the light of this new constitutional standard, the state definition of conventional institution of marriage and family.

Section II: Terms of the Traditional Legal Marriage Contract

Under the doctrine of coverture, the spouses are merged into a single legal identity after the marriage. For this reason, the wife losses ownership and control of her real property and chattels. Her husband becomes entitled to her earnings, if she earns. Additionally, she is not allowed to enter into contracts on her name after getting married. Also, she cannot sue or be sued in her name. Primarily, married women were prevented from her criminal responsibility, i.e., any criminal conduct made by her in the presence of her husband will be considered to have been done by the husband. Moreover, the spouses are not allowed to make contracts with one another while in a marriage.

As the time passed, married women were liberated. Particularly, many of the legal restraints were gradually removed from the married women after the passage of Married Women’s Property Acts in 1839 and 1882. The prime purpose of these Acts was to erase the disabilities and redress the balance for the women in the marital relationships. However, despite the fact that these Acts redefined the property rights among the spouses, today after more than a century many of the fundamental rights and obligations between husband and wife remain fundamentally the same. Although the private practices in modern day marriages may not conform to the conventional traditions but the present case law and statutory rules continue to remain the same.

Section III: Fundamental Changes in the Legal Regulation of Marriage/Family

Sociological challenges help defining and refining the social policy. A wise social policy must be based on social reality. For this reason, the rule of law is undermined if the law is too divergent from the social reality. An anachronistic, outmoded and arbitrary law makes a mockery of the rule of law. Therefore, a law must keep changing with the changes in societal ideals and norms. The widespread awareness of the conventional institution of marriage’s outmoded nature has resulted in a major reformulation of the legal system in this regard.

Section IV: Stereotyped Parenting Roles

In the traditional picture of the institution of marriage, husband is considered the head of the family. He is responsible to financially and economically provide for his family. On the other hand, the prime role of the wife in the course of marriage is that of a housewife and mother. However, the sociological and economic data challenge this assumed division of labor. The data on earnings of married women and labor force participation makes the assumption that husband alone is responsible for economically supporting the family, questionable. Over the years, the scale of females in the labor force participation has increased. In a similar fashion, the percentage of young mothers, who have two to three young children at home, in the labor force participation, has increased too. Therefore, the sociological data on increasingly egalitarian and varied patterns of roles within a family questions that assumption of mutually exclusive and strongly differentiated roles of husbands and wives.

However, the trend has changed over the years. The politicians, commentators and courts have been (problematically) perpetuating the sex-stereotyped parenting roles. They have been addressed as ‘father-promotion crusaders’ in a recent article (Meyers, 2011), whose prime purpose is to promote the notion that a child needs a father (figure) in life. These crusaders have been working on contrasting the anti-sex-stereotyping, a realm that took hold of the employment situation in 1989 when a court decided that if an employer acted on the presumption that a female employee must not get aggressive, he has actually acted on the basis of gender (Meyers, 2011). However, despite getting such support from the courts, the norm of anti-sex-stereotyping has had made a far greater impact in the realm of employment than in the spectrum of the home. In this regard, it may be useful to look at the gay fathers, who do not conform to the conventional definitions of a father, challenging the assumptions on which the father-promoting crusaders had based their argument that a child needs a father (Meyers, 2011).

Section V: Transgender Parents

The conventional spectrum of marriage primarily supports the Judeo-Christian ideal of a heterosexual, monogamous marriage with prohibition of homosexual unions, adultery, bigamy, and polygamy in both case law and statutes. Primarily, this picture of marriage is based on three distinctive components. Firstly, a legal marriage is union of single persons, who are prohibited against bigamy and polygamy. Secondly, the spouses remain loyal to each other; they are prohibited against adultery. Lastly, the spouses must be heterosexual; thus, a marriage license must not be given to a homosexual couple. However, there have been an increasing number of homosexual couples, which want to legitimize their marriages. For instance, in Baker versus Nelson, the homosexual couple argued that marriage must not be restricted to heterosexual couples only because marrying without regard to sex is a fundamental right to all persons. Additionally, there are transgender parents too.

However, if the courts want to treat marriage as a fundamental right without a regard to sex, they must closely scrutinize the state’s interest in maintaining the conventional picture of the institution of marriage. Today, transgender parents are not treated equally. 29-percent of them are restricted or prohibited from seeing their children after a relationship that ended (Cohen, 2017). It indicates that the court judges have been restricting or eliminating their parenting rights for no other reason than the gender identity. Therefore, several movements concerning the fundamental rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community have emerged. They work on providing the rights through recognition of a constitutional right to same-sex marriages (Cohen, 2017). The recent decision in the case of Obergefell versus Hodges has proven to be a huge step forward in this regard (Cohen, 2017). However, inequality in the provision of fundamental rights to this community still prevails in the United States. Only fifty states allow same-sex marriages today thus giving rights to the LGBT persons to start a family with a partner of their choosing (Cohen, 2017). Moreover, their parental rights upon separation or divorce are far from protected.

Section VI: Interracial Marriages

The legal literature has widely discussed the race, class and ethnic bias in the institution of marriage in the United States. The conventional model of universal legal marriage and divorce incorporates an all white, middle-class family. For this reason, it has been called the ‘dual system’ of family law. The legal obligation of staying home and taking care of the children falls heavily on the women of color in comparison to the white wives. The black and minority women have also been facing discrimination and thus subjected to double burdens in the realm of employment throughout the past century. In the 1890, only 4-percent of the married women were involved in work outside their homes. There were two groups: black women and immigrant women. Also, they were offered the same kind of jobs they did in slavery. Thus, the law back then was less appropriate for ethnic groups. It resulted in exclusion and ignorance of special needs and concerns of racial and ethnic minorities.

However, the picture has much changed today. The ban on interracial marriages and miscegenation has been invalidated in the well-known case of Loving versus Virginia. Some of the researchers and practitioners have admired this transformative decision. It delivered the deathblow to the antipathy of race mixing, i.e., Jim Crow segregation (Murray, 2017). Also, it paved the path to end the residue of racial discrimination in the American institution of marriage. The decision has lasting implications in the field of marriage equality. The practical situation, however, suggests otherwise. Although the famous Loving decision invalidated the ban on interracial marriages but the social taboos around the topic, especially between particular groups, still persist (Murray, 2017). Therefore, it can be said that the decision successfully dismantled the legal impediments but failed to eradicate the social impediments in this regard (Murray, 2017). Thus, the loved ones, who want to cross the color line in order to live their lives happily ever after, still have to face remarkably durable norm of racial hegemony.

Section VII: Concluding Remarks

A law must keep changing to successfully address the changes in societal ideals and norms. If the law is too divergent from the social reality, the rule of law is undermined. For this reason, the conventional model of marriage in the United States has undergone a major reformulation despite the fact that the state contains a paramount interest in the continuation of the tradition family institution in the country.

References

Cohen, C. (2017). Losing Your Children: The Failure to Extend Civil Rights Protections to Transgender Parents. Geo. Wash. L. Rev., 85, 536.

Meyer, E. M. (2011). Gay Fathers: Disrupting Sex Stereotyping and Challenging the Father-Promotion Crusade. Colum. J. Gender & L., 22, 479.

Murray, M. (2017). Loving's Legacy: Decriminalization and the Regulation of Sex and Sexuality. Fordham L. Rev., 86, 2671.

* Professor Reserves The Right Make Changes To The Syllabus During The Semester *COURSE EXPECTATIONS & RULES OF CONDUCT:Students Are Expected To Perform All Course Requirements In A Fashion That Will Honor The Lord. This Will Include The Weekly Homework,

Introductions to Missions

Meeting

I had interview with a friend who belongs to Han Chinese ethnic group. There are 56 nationalities in China. Since, the Han Chinese make up approximately 92% of the country's population, the remaining peoples are called national minorities. The spread of Christianity in China was largely determined by the development needs of Chinese civilization. The gradual loss of interest in “higher knowledge” in Chinese humanities became a brake on progress. The demonstration by Catholic scholars of their superiority in a number of natural and technical sciences forced some of the Chinese elite and the country's leadership to support Christianity in the late Middle Ages. This ethnic group is different because it has different rules and regulations. The Chinese culture is millenary and so rich that it has ended up influencing and shaping the cultures of its neighbors. Han is one of the oldest and most complex civilizations in the world. Chinese culture is several thousand years old. On Throughout the centuries it has been under significant influence of Confucianism, which was the official philosophy in the Imperial period, the board, and helped to form a clear bureaucratic system.

Native language of the majority Han Chinese - the Chinese, dialects that vary phonetically in huge limits, about as well, how and closely related, but completely independent one from the other Romance languages. Although in the dialectal split, orthographically dialects used almost alone and those same hieroglyphs. Chinese writing (common to all dialects) is a strong binding cultural element. For a thousand years, literary Chinese was used as a standard of writing., So the grammar and vocabulary are significant differences with different forms of spoken Chinese language.

My friend told me that for the Chinese, food is not just the satisfaction of hunger, but rather a ritual, a rite. So far in China, older people, instead of greetings, address each other with the phrase: “Neither chafanla ma?” - “Have you eaten already?”. And about the person who lost his job, they say: "He broke his cup of rice." In ancient China, among a number of palace ceremonies to which even the emperors submitted, a large part was occupied by rituals that are directly related to food and to what is connected with it. The order of serving dishes, the table setting, the clothes of the servants who waited at the table, the music played during the meal were strictly selected.

ii. Reactions: I am surprised by many of the events and clothing of Chinese. My friend told me that Chinese culture contains customs and traditions, music, dance, painting, language, cuisine, clothing and applied arts.

China is not only the birthplace of paper, but also of typography. It is here in the X century. The book was first printed, which is several centuries ahead of the first printed book in Europe - the Bible of John Guttenberg. With the beginning of typography in China there is a significant leap in the development of literature and scientific knowledge. Published many works in various areas of history, archeology, reflecting the great interest of the Chinese to their past. The wide distribution of typography contributes to the written consolidation of works of folk art.

The Chinese are one of the most difficult to understand nations, which strictly honors its traditions, customs, and rituals. However, if you follow the basic rules of behavior, you can feel that life in China is much more pleasant and easier than in many other countries of the world.

Chinese people are characterized by such qualities as diligence, patience, patriotism, politeness, perfect knowledge of etiquette.

China's national characteristics are expressed in the behavior and actions of its inhabitants. For the Chinese, courtesy and politeness are typical, they are not too emotional and can react with restraint to events. When meeting with the Chinese, a rather easy handshake and nod. However, the Chinese are not closed, but very sociable and will gladly enter into dialogue.

It is believed that modesty is one of the key qualities of a resident of China. They are very pleased with the praise, but the Chinese can react to it with restraint and even dryly.

. What stimulated my reactions?

My stimulated reactions are that it is vast culture. China is not only the birthplace of paper, but also of typography. I like the dishes of China. The dishes of the national Chinese cuisine include flour products, including noodles, noodles, all kinds of flat cakes, steamed bread (pampushki), Wonton, ears and sweet biscuits. A huge role in nutrition is played by vegetables: all sorts of cabbage, sweet potatoes, potatoes, radish of different varieties, green onion-batun, garlic, tomatoes, pepper, spinach, green bean pods are very popular. Particularly popular are the thick young leaves of bamboo boiled, side dishes and canned food.

iii. My personal ministry prospects: I believe the most difficult issue of Chinese culture is its language. I believe that Chinese language is the biggest barriers for the cross cultural relationship. China is not an expansionist country. It has not been particularly bellicose. Are you thinking about Tibet? Yes, but it was part of their territories long before the European incursion so there is a long debate there.

What I want to say is that the Chinese people are a people who look at their navels, to say the least. He has not been very interested in the outside world and his contacts have been sporadic, interested and often forced by the restless powers of Old Europe.

The best thing of Chinese culture is the civilization. In the 20th century, western construction technologies spread in China, especially in cities. Traditional Chinese buildings rarely exceed three floors, and the demands of urbanization have meant that modern Chinese cities have a western appearance. However, in the suburbs and villages are often still built on the traditional technologies.

iv. Personal reflection: From the interview, I learned that Chinese culture of all times developed in the context of various contradictions within the country, the establishment of domination and the enslavement of China by capitalist states. But even in such conditions, the development of culture is further developed.

The surviving material and literary sources allow us to trace the development of Chinese religious and philosophical views, the emergence of socio-political systems. We see the development of urban planning, architecture, plastic art; treasures of poetry and prose are created; there are significant works of art, including portrait painting; a nationwide form of theater is formed, and later a musical drama. The beauty of Chinese porcelain, embroidery, painted enamels, carvings made of stone, wood, ivory in its grace and artistic value claim to one of the leading places among similar products in the world. Significant were, of course, scientific achievements in the field of education, astronomy, magnetism, medicine, typography, etc. Success in economic development, expansion of external relations has been achieved.

The culture of China had a great influence on the development of the culture of the numerous neighboring peoples that inhabited the vast territories of later Mongolia, Tibet, Indo-China, Korea and Japan. Later on a large number of leading powers of the medieval world. Chinese culture has made a significant contribution to the development of world culture. Its originality, high artistic and moral value speak of creative talent and deep roots of the Chinese people.

*Writer's Choice*

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Freedom

Introduction

The constitution is defined as a set of principles that help in governing any entity like country, organization, etc. After the first election took place in the USA there was an immense need to make a constitution based on which country should be governed. The majority of the congress-people helped in making the constitution. However, as the time changes certain issue arises that needs to be addressed. For this purpose, the modification of the constitution was mandatory. Due to this, amendments were done to cover all the issues that the country was facing.

Freedom of speech

In democracy freedom of speech is very essential. The ideas and information contribute in inform political debate and are therefore necessary to public liability and transparency in the government (Sunstein). Freedom of expression through any means is the fundamental right of every human being. It also helps in establishing other rights and allow them to succeed. According to the US constitution “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech”. However, this law should be “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech until it is not threatening basic rights”. Freedom of speech aid people to know about the perspective and ideas of others which they can use to achieve difficult tasks. However, there should be some limitation on free speech to benefit society because everyone is different and perceive the situation differently causing the extreme risk for harm. Therefore, it is important to decide what good speech is and what bad speech is to solve this issue.

Due to the tremendous increase in the use of social media freedom of expression has become a necessity for common people to voice their opinions. Like every modern state, the US also puts limitations on freedom of speech. Although the constitution did not specifically mention the limitation yet the Supreme Court has ruled certain principles that dictate what people can say or what they cannot legally. Like everything freedom of speech also has its pros and cons some of them are as follows:

Advantages of freedom of speech:

Freedom of speech protects every citizen from the influence of special interests of any person in the authority. As when people possess the power they do whatever they can to retain it as long as they can. These powers include changes in the board of directors of any company or suppressing minorities even changing the constitution for one’s benefit (Sunstein). By having the right to free speech all the individuals can express their views and criticism of those in the powerful position. Having the freedom of speech no one can compel any citizen to speak any kind of specific message not even the government. It also prevents the requirement to act or behave in a specific way. It is, therefore, important to at least think before sharing anything as it is ethically wrong to impose one’s opinion upon others. When every individual has the right to express the thoughts and ideas prevailing in their minds they can help a lot in benefiting the society. Even the people in power cannot suppress them. This allows society to progress and flourish.

Utilizing the ideas and information from other people it becomes easy to make discoveries and inventions that in turn benefit the society and people living in it.When people have freedom of speech without any threat of prosecution people can easily report any crime they see or any injustice that they see of facing themselves. However, there it is difficult to find a line between expressing everything freely in order to protect others or the information.

Disadvantages of freedom of speech:

Due to freedom of speech, there are some people who are misusing this right to spread rumors and false information that leads to certain consequences. Another problem with this freedom is violence. When an individual commits a crime or any kind of violence against others because of the hate speech they must be held responsible for their actions. Although the person who encouraged them for doing certain act by giving hate speech must also be held responsible. Many people use the right of free speech to spread negativity causing other people to endure racism and discrimination. Free speech also reduces the desire to compromise in certain situations as everyone is entitled to their opinion and feel that they are always right.

Freedom of Religion:

Freedom of religion is defined as freedom to manifest, practice and chose the religion freely. It allows people to worship freely and changing one’s religion as well (Sullivan). According to the US constitution “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof”. However, this law should be “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise of any religion”. Although there is only a minor change in both the statements yet the impact is huge. The first statement is limited to only having the right to worship freely while the other statement is vast in terms that people can choose the religion they want to and it is not necessary for them to follow the same religion as their family. Freedom of religion is a fundamental of every citizen especially living in a country with a state religion. The establishment clause is the reason that the USA has no official state religion, therefore, the government does not favor any institute that promotes the religion. Although freedom of religion is necessary and has many advantages yet it still does have some disadvantages well. They are listed below:

Advantages of freedom of religion:

Freedom of practicing religion provides a sense of identity to a person. Most people spend their whole life based on a foundation that is provided to them by their religion. The religion provides its practitioners with guidelines, ethical values, and principles that are mandatory to follow. By following these guidelines one can achieve rewards that are promised by their religion. Freedom of religion also allows individuals to choose and practice whatever religion they think is best for them without the threat to be prosecuted by any authority or government and can celebrate and practice any religious event they want (Dickson).

Disadvantages of freedom of religion:

Religion is not defined by how it followers act however there are people who might use religion in order to justify their wrong-doings. In every religion, there are some teachings that can easily be misinterpreted due to which some people and organizations are using it for their benefit to spread negativity and crimes. Another problem that freedom of religion causes is the division it creates. As every person is entitled to their own choices and opinion yet if a person in a community chooses a different religion from others a division in a community occurs. People tend to stick together with the people who have the same religion as they have due to which they isolate the person who chooses a different religion. Moreover, due to freedom of religion people start to discriminate against people having a different religion. As people might look upon the individuals as subordinate to them if they are of a different religion. Also, people consider their religion as superior to others causing an imbalance in the society.

Freedom of the press:

Freedom of the press or in other terms freedom of media is defined as the right of communication and expression through media that include print and electronic media (Lebovic). The US constitution states that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press” however this law should be stated as “the people shall not be deprived of their right to write or to publish their sentiments, and the freedom of the press shall be inviolable.” Freedom of the press is very much related to the freedom of expression. Due to the tremendous increase in the use of electronic devices people rely upon certain online sites to be updated regarding the latest issues. Also, social media is a platform that connects all the people making it popular among every age group. However, like many other freedoms there are some advantages and disadvantages of freedom of the press as well they are as follows:

Advantages of freedom of press:

If the press is to report issues and express opinions it can help in highlighting the performance of a government that helps people to form an opinion about the government. Free media allows people to share their ideas and opinions freely. It safeguards against manipulations by the government while encouraging critical thinking that will lead to developing new ideas.

Disadvantages of freedom of speech:

Free media can itself manipulate people. As more people are using electronic media to stay updated and therefore becomes an easy target of manipulation and false news. Specifically talking about social media people often use this freedom to post hateful things about other communities and religion that leads to violence (Schmidt Jr).

Works cited

Dickson, Brice. "The United Nations and freedom of religion." International & Comparative Law Quarterly 44.2 (1995): 327-357.

Lebovic, Sam. "Freedom of the Press." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. 2019.

Schmidt Jr, Benno C. "Freedom of the Press vs. Public Access." (1976).

Sullivan, Donna J. "Advancing the Freedom of Religion or Belief through the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Religious Intolerance and Discrimination." American Journal of International Law 82.3 (1988): 487-520.

Sunstein, Cass. "Democracy and the problem of free speech." Publishing Research Quarterly 11.4 (1995): 58-72.

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Send Them Back: The Parthenon Marbles should be returned to Athens

‘Send them back’ is a debate held at Cadogan Hall in London in June 2012 on the topic of restoration of The Parthenon marbles from the British National Museum to the Athens from where the marbles belong. When Ottoman took charge of Greek, they handed over some of the marbles to the British by exchanging some paintings and pictures. There has been a lot of discussion and debates among the two countries about the possession of the marbles. In the debate, participants from both sides shared their opinion, and the question was thrown to the audience at the end to vote as the decorum of the debate. Initially, against this notion opened up the debate by refuting any idea of the restoration of the marbles and associating such tendencies with narrow nationalistic endeavors. According to him, the notion is a call for abandoning the global harmony of sharing mutual interest, culture, and shred human culture. Parthenon marbles are safe here in Britain and are open for everybody from the globe to visit and see.

The debate supporting this idea of ‘The Parthenon Marbles should be returned to Athens’ was delivered by Stephen Fry, a greek artist, and director. He supported the notion of debate and refuted the idea that the United Kingdom must keep the marbles by giving logical proofs and through the assertive way of an eloquent speech. He declared that such an act is a representation of the supremest class of Britain. He was of the opinion that Parthenon Marbles were taken from Athen without the consent and agreement of the Greek people because Greece was under the Ottoman Empire. The marbles are the representation of glorious times of greek history and have direct links with the ancient greek history, specifically the war of Marathon. It is a representation of remarkable greek history where the excelled in Astronomy, reason, algebra, geography medicine, and refusal to accept baseless theories ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"1Emw50bk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Send Them Back})","plainCitation":"(Send Them Back)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":219,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5OlhLovK/items/7UZH7TP8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5OlhLovK/items/7UZH7TP8"],"itemData":{"id":219,"type":"motion_picture","title":"Send them back: The Parthenon Marbles should be returned to Athens","source":"YouTube","dimensions":"46:38","abstract":"Want to join the debate? Check out the Intelligence Squared website to hear about future live events and podcasts: http://www.intelligencesquared.com \n__________________________\n\nThis debate took place at Cadogan Hall on 11th June 2012. \n\nEvent info:\n\nWhat's all this nonsense about sending the Parthenon Marbles back to Greece? If Lord Elgin hadn't rescued them from the Parthenon in Athens and presented them to the British Museum almost 200 years ago, these exquisite sculptures -- the finest embodiment of the classical ideal of beauty and harmony -- would have been lost to the ravages of pollution and time. So we have every right to keep them: indeed, returning them would set a dangerous precedent, setting off a clamour for every Egyptian mummy and Grecian urn to be wrenched from the world's museums and sent back to its country of origin. It is great institutions like the British Museum that have established such artefacts as items of world significance: more people see the Marbles in the BM than visit Athens every year. Why send them back to relative obscurity?\n\nBut aren't such arguments a little too imperialistic? All this talk of visitor numbers and dangerous precedents -- doesn't it just sound like an excuse for Britain to hold on to dubiously acquired treasures that were removed without the consent of the Greek people to whom they culturally and historically belong? That's what Lord Byron thought, and now Stephen Fry is taking up the cause. We should return the Marbles as a gesture of solidarity with Greece in its financial distress, says Fry, and as a mark of respect for the cradle of democracy and the birthplace of rational thought.","URL":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE7DpRjDd-U&feature=youtu.be","title-short":"Send them back","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Send Them Back). So it is the moral necessity for the British nation to restore the artifacts to the place where they born; otherwise, this is a representation of an untrustworthy country (where the debate gets heated a little). Some of the audience also participated in the debate, and a young man, namely Dimitris, declared the issue as more of an emotional one than logical. Young women graduate of Cambridge associated the issue with the economic condition of Greece as the crisis had a huge blow on the Greek economy. She said that this has now become a matter of pride, and this debate is more pertinent now than ever as the economy of the country is shattering ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"fyZCuro3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Davies)","plainCitation":"(Davies)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":217,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5OlhLovK/items/6C25NKRA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5OlhLovK/items/6C25NKRA"],"itemData":{"id":217,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"Stephen Fry steals show, and Greek hearts, in Parthenon marbles debate","container-title":"The Guardian","section":"Art and design","source":"www.theguardian.com","abstract":"A talk in London about whether the British Museum should return the sculptures was screened live to an audience in Athens","URL":"https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/greek-election-blog-2012/2012/jun/12/stephen-fry-parthenon-marbles-greece","ISSN":"0261-3077","language":"en-GB","author":[{"family":"Davies","given":"Lizzy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",6,12]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Davies).

I believe that the idea presented by Stephen Fry that the marbles must be returned to their place of origin as they are the representation of their culture and glorious past. Further, the marbles were handed over to the Britishers without the consent of the Greeks, so the British must return them over to the Greeks to place them in the historical building of Athens.

Work Cited

 YouTube. (2019). Send them back: The Parthenon Marbles should be returned to Athens. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE7DpRjDd-U&feature=youtu.be [Accessed 14 Nov. 2019]. ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY BBC - Ethics - Introduction to Ethics: Virtue Ethics. http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/virtue.shtml. Accessed 4 Nov. 2019.

Davies, Lizzy. “Stephen Fry Steals Show, and Greek Hearts, in Parthenon Marbles Debate.” The Guardian, 12 June 2012. www.theguardian.com, https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/greek-election-blog-2012/2012/jun/12/stephen-fry-parthenon-marbles-greece.

Ethical Theories. https://pagecentertraining.psu.edu/public-relations-ethics/introduction-to-public-relations-ethics/lesson-1/ethical-theories/. Accessed 4 Nov. 2019.

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Annotated bibliography

Source 1: Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. 1835.

The primary source is Tocqueville’s book “Democracy in America” that will be used for explaining the historical aspects of democracy. The themes of democratic revolution are used for understanding what was the perceptive of Tocqueville about American democratic system. It is also used for comparing the views of the writer with the current dynamics of American democracy. The source is useful because it highlights the themes of state’s role, development of just political system and fair social environment for the people. I will use this source for understanding how democracy today is different than Tocqueville’s perceptive.

Source 2: Lillard, Richard G. "Democracy in America. By Alexis de Tocqueville ." Journal of American History 32.2 (1945): 262–263.

The article explains the history of democracy explained by Tocqueville. It highlights various bibliographies and facts mentioned about the topic by the writer. This can be seen as one of the authentic history on American democracy. It also highlights the credibility of the source and its significance in understanding the actual events. This source is useful for the paper because it highlights many events related to the American democracy. I will use this source for explaining how democracy gained momentum CITATION Ric45 \l 1033 (Lillard).

Source 3: Poppe, Annika Elena. "Harmony and Resilience: US Democracy Promotion's Basic Premises ." Foreign Policy Analysis, 15.4 (2019): 530–547.

The article explores how America has changed over the years based sociological perspectives. It explains that the reality of America is different from the original idea of its creation that was to promote democracy and provide better living opportunities to the people CITATION Ann19 \l 1033 (Poppe). The article is useful because its highlights the facts that proves the changes in American democracy. I will use this source for proving the argument that the meaning of democracy and Americanization has changed today that is against the idea of Tocqueville. The article will be used for providing evidentiary support to the claims about the changes in America.

Source 4: Bhambra, Gurminder K. "A sociological dilemma: Race, segregation and US sociology ." Curr Sociol. 62.4 (2014): 472–492.

The article uncovers the factors that proves America has changed today than history. It determines the sociological aspects of Americans and how they have changed throughout years. The article is useful because it highlights the changing nature of the Americans due to the sociological factors such as race, segregation and discrimination. I will use the article for proving the argument that the attitudes of white Americans have changed today and that shows their deviation from the past CITATION Gur14 \l 1033 (Bhambra). This research will also be used for comparing the events with Tocqueville’s explanation.

Source 5: Curry, James M. "In-Depth Qualitative Research and the Study of American Political Institutions." PS: Political Science & Politics 15.1 (2017): 114-120.

The qualitative research explores the changing role of American political institutes in the modern era. The source uses qualitative methodology by conducting interviews with the historians obtained from reliable database such as JStor. The source is useful because it provides perspectives of various historians about the changing democracy of America. The qualitative research will be used in the current study for examining the changing role of politics and leaders. I will use this source for supporting the argument that with time the democracy transformed and deviated from the original concept of Tocqueville CITATION Jam172 \l 1033 (Curry).

Paper

Argument: American democracy today is different from the one explained by Tocqueville.

Tocqueville’s belief that America offers the best model of equality has changed in modern America. The absence of traditional hierarchies in America and individualism remained prominent political and social ideas of the country. The beliefs were developed on the facts that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries America was open for the people of different ethnicities and cultures. The sociological view of Tocqueville has become non-existent in the current period due to the rising restrictions on Chinese trade and strict immigration reforms. The recent actions of President Trump for changing immigration policies is against Tocqueville’s idea of equality. The president has blamed immigrants for increasing job competition for the local people and for bringing crimes. Such perspectives according to sociologists reflect nationalist views of American leader CITATION Ric45 \l 1033 (Lillard).

American individualism was based on the idea of offering equal opportunities to the people. Trump’s agenda of cracking on the immigrants and considering them as a threat to local people reflects rejection of Tocqueville’s sociological views. The changing work conditions and laws for the immigrants will undermine career opportunities for them. These changes depict anti-immigrant attitudes that will pose challenges for the future immigrant generations CITATION Ann19 \l 1033 (Poppe). The concerns of the political leaders indicates that the current democracy is not as the one explained by Tocqueville. It can be proved by understanding the sociological views that claims that immigrants today are struggling due to their different ethnicities and identities. In-depth interviews with the sociologists of twentieth century; Huitt and Fenno states that the role of democracy has changed and it does not promote the concept of equality CITATION Jam172 \l 1033 (Curry). The views of Du. Bois can also be used for proving the minority populations and immigrants are still struggling for their rights. Black segregation is prevalent in schools, politics and workplace that proves the absence of equality. “The exclusions of race and the history of racial segregation, and the failure to analyze the history of US sociology in this context” CITATION Gur14 \l 1033 (Bhambra). The sociologists of the twentieth century challenged the issue of race, segregation and discrimination.

By comparing the modern sociologists with Tocqueville, it can be deduced that the America has not attained its ideology of promoting equality and offering better opportunities to the immigrants.

Work Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bhambra, Gurminder K. "A sociological dilemma: Race, segregation and US sociology ." Curr Sociol. 62.4 (2014): 472–492.

Curry, James M. "In-Depth Qualitative Research and the Study of American Political Institutions." PS: Political Science & Politics 15.1 (2017): 114-120.

Lillard, Richard G. "Democracy in America. By Alexis de Tocqueville ." Journal of American History 32.2 (1945): 262–263.

Poppe, Annika Elena. "Harmony and Resilience: US Democracy Promotion's Basic Premises ." Foreign Policy Analysis, 15.4 (2019): 530–547.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. 1835.

- Usability And User-centric Design Process. A Reflective Essay On Introductory Lecturers/tutorials.

Title page

User-centric design

User-Centric Design involves an iterative design process that focus on user needs. the purpose is to create highly accessible and usable products that lead to customer satisfaction. The healthcare firm adopted UCD for providing all-digital features to the organizations that aimed at surviving in the technological world and achieve a competitive edge. The company's agenda of incorporating UCD was focused on offering unique health assessment tools and surveying options to the clients. The approach involves end-users. The digital applications developed include Tracking Health, My Fitness, and Diet. Involving patient-clients in the process of design enhances the likelihood of improving health outcomes.

My experience of working with HelathUnlocked allowed me to witness the adoption of User-Centric Designs for addressing the needs of its clients. UCD was incorporated for building model for providing services through an online platform to various health institutes including health graphs and artificial intelligence along with health care recommendations. It also provides other effective tools for assessing the conditions of disease and offers useful information to patients that can help them during their treatments. The company is working in association with many stakeholders who are engaged in providing health solutions to patients. The adoption of technological design emphasizes on enhancing care provider-client interaction CITATION Ann09 \l 1033 (Dabbs, et al., 2009).

Four distinct stages of User-Centric Design (UCD) involve; understanding the context of use, specifying user requirements, designing solutions and evaluating requirements. The primary phase involved determining the context in which clients could use the online platform. The focus is on identifying ways that improve patients’ engagement with the providers and services. The interactive system aims at making system practically usable by stressing on the needs of clients. Factors like human wellbeing, increase in efficiency, fast response and user satisfaction are considered. In the second stage user requirements are specified such as they need for accessing fitness, health or screenings. The organizations take feedbacks or adopt other methods for assessing client needs CITATION Ana13 \l 1033 (Bharadwaj, Sawy, & Pavlou, 2013). Conducting research on customer preferences regarding healthcare services is an effective tool for identifying requirements. The third stage includes designing solutions such as cost-effective methods for maintaining fitness. Tasks are defined in this phase that will be used for addressing customers needs. The final stage is evaluating the outcomes of the solutions. Techniques and process are determined in this stage. The user-centric design is thus employed for identifying how changes will affect customers-patients.

The criteria for integrating a user-centric approach involves;

Allowing the generation of a large amount of information and transformation of experiences into knowledge.

Providing effective solutions online.

HealthUnlocked will be involving more than 50,000 patients in 75 hospitals through technological care plans.

The target of the company will be achieving more than 4 million visitors each month through the online platform.

The company will be linked to more than 600 communities and work for their wellbeing.

Retaining at least 68% of users.

Managing long-term conditions of at least 1 in every 2 patients visiting HealthUnlocked.

Maintaining an online presence of HealthUnlocked across the globe.

The basic principles adopted for the user-centric design include; active engagement of clients and understating of customers and task requirements. It further involves the allocation of functions between clients and technology. Design interaction and multi-disciplinary designs are principles of UCD.

Healthcare firm integrated user-centric design for transforming the public's health into effective knowledge and then using it for human wellbeing. The social platform designed under this approach focuses on the collection of individual's experiences and processes related to health issues and then using that knowledge for providing guidance to users through effective sources including products, services and in form of content. The company has managed to attain more than 600 communities through its online platform also serving thousands of visitors across the world by providing them useful information and guidelines. The company has maintained reliability by providing effective information sharing with the community CITATION Jor14 \l 1033 (Lopez, 2014). One effective feature of HealthUnlocked is the categorization of content according to the patients’ interests.

HealthUnlocked provides effective identification of patients from data and visitors base. Patients having consent become part of clinical researches that help the health institutes and research agencies to conduct effective research through online platforms. Another feature developed with the user-centric design is providing information about different hospitals and their services CITATION Ann09 \l 1033 (Dabbs, et al., 2009). HealtUnlcoked offers surveys and questionnaires through an online platform and is also connected to third parties. The company has also developed software's keeping in view the needs of its clients including Electronic Hostile Need Assessments that are used for assessing different hospitals throughout Australia. It also provides healthcare plans to the patients.

Services include the presentation of different statistics including graph tools and descriptive tools helping in the analysis of the patient’s medical condition. The online platform is involved in providing effective and timely recommendations to the patients. Commonly used tools for health analysis are health graph and artificial intelligence. The platform is involved in providing effective and reliable health outcomes for the patients CITATION Cat11 \l 1033 (Reis, Freire, Fernández, & Monguet, 2011). HealthUnlocked is trying to minimize the chances of errors in assessment by using advanced technology. Graphical depiction of fitness or health can address the needs of diverse clients.

The website provides a complete profile of healthcare providers to the clients. The idea has been developed under the influence of user-centric design. As customers need to identify the right treatment plan they are concerned about the qualification and experience of a healthcare provider. This feature allows customers to choose the right healthcare provider. The website also provides information on healthcare services, treatment plans, and costs. this will help clients to pick the cost-effective treatment plan.

User-centric design is used for providing digital solutions to clients such as Tracking Health. The service is developed according to the needs of clients as they are inclined to assess their health and track improvements. The service allows individuals to evaluate their daily activity such as fitness, calories, and exercise CITATION Cat11 \l 1033 (Reis, Freire, Fernández, & Monguet, 2011). The features reflect the integration of UCD because it is focused on catering client needs for maintaining fitness and healthy lifestyle.

Many companies rely on a user-centric approach due to the low costs and high tech advancements in internet facilities. Traditional business strategies have been transformed from digital business strategies that allow business to operate across boundaries without time and distance constraints. User-Centric Design is associated with an increased business value for organizations providing high growth chances and opportunities. Incorporating UCD enhances the firm's ability to catering user needs more effectively compared to traditional business practices. The reliance of healthcare companies on user-centric design will increase in future and more businesses will be relying on digital technologies. The digital technologies are linked to the convergence of information systems leads to competitive edge and growth to the companies. My personal experience depicts that the investments in UCD are likely to increase in future providing opportunities to new businesses. Digital capabilities also influence the competitiveness of organizations and companies having digital capabilities are having better chances of survival. Improved communications between patient-provider are the visible benefit of user-centric design.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bharadwaj, A., Sawy, O. A., & Pavlou, P. A. (2013). DIGITAL BUSINESS STRATEGY: TOWARD A NEXT GENERATION OF INSIGHTS. MIS Quarterly Vol. 37 No. 2, pp. 471-482.

Dabbs, A. D., Myers, B. A., Curry, K. R., Dunbar-Jacob, J., Hawkins, R. P., Begey, A., et al. (2009). User-Centered Design and Interactive Health Technologies for Patients. Comput Inform Nurs, 27 (3).

Lopez, J. (2014). Digital Business is Everyone's Business. Retrieved October 15, 2016, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/gartnergroup/2014/05/07/digital-business-is-everyones-business/#aca62cd2d660

Reis, C. I., Freire, C. S., Fernández, J., & Monguet, J. M. (2011). Patient-Centered Design: Challenges and Lessons Learned from Working with Health Professionals and Schizophrenic Patients in e-Therapy Contexts. International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems.

-The Role Of Police Agencies In Enforcing Federal Immigration Law.

The Role of Police Agencies in Enforcing Federal Immigration Law

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The Role of Police Agencies in Enforcing Federal Immigration Law

Introduction

In the past few years, the United States has experienced a greater ratio of immigration, amounting up to four-fold increment since 1970. Over the course of the last fifteen to twenty years, immigrants have settled in different places rather than the traditional gateways. An increase in immigration population has also increased in term of diversity, taking into account that people are migrating from different parts of the globe. This stance of shift in the demographic spectrum has paved the way for racial tensions and it has aroused a debate about the policies that are meant for immigration. It is asserted that the immigration practices with longstanding resident communities actually demand aggressive enforcement of laws from federal states and local governments. In past, the code of immigration was preceded by the federal immigration laws who were solely in the overview of the federal government. Since 9/11, massive pressure is exerted on local law enforcing agencies by the elected leaders and their communities to engage in the enforcement of federal immigration, taking into consideration that it was not a responsibility of the organizational mandate.

Discussion

In the beginning of 1990, federal immigration agencies were overwhelmed by the enormity of tasks related to deporting, detaining and apprehending taking into account that about twelve million unauthorized immigration plans have been launched. The aim of such immigration plans was to induce and incorporate coordination and assistance of the nations in approximately 18,000 states and local law enforcement agencies meant for the deporting and identification of the authorized immigrants living in the country. The legislation was passed in Congress in 1996 which infers an expansion in the duties of local law in terms of enforcement of federal immigration. Taking into consideration the amalgamation local law enforcement agencies with that of federal authorities of immigration a number of decisions focused on the ICE 287 program. It is asserted that police executives were not given any option between two poles, either to be supportive or cooperative with the authorities of federal immigration and their self-participation in the enforcement of immigration efforts. Law enforcing bodies are not given any authentic decision under the impact of immigration law enforcement institutions adhering to strained state and local resources that could maintain the core aim of protecting and safeguarding communities and promotions of public safety. (Rhodes, et, al 2015).

Accompanied by the support of Ford Foundation, a national effort was launched that could bring officials, community stakeholders and other law enforcement agencies for a collaborative examination of the implication of immigration laws. (Nguyen, et, al 2016). It is asserted that the major goal of the project was to initiate a debate that could disseminate perspectives regarding immigration enforcement so that national policy can be enacted. One of the central factors of the project was the series of focus groups that included public official, local groups and other representatives of immigration offices that could elicit the thought and perspectives of those who were facing issues regarding immigration.

The questions and other conversations inferred the focus groups to be affected by the development of platform for a national conference with policymakers, scholars, immigrants, and other law enforcement professionals to discuss the issue of immigration and the role of law enforcement agencies. Although there were a series of differences in the opinions that were collected from diverse groups of the law enforcement agencies who were participating in various projects that address the befits and costs of participation of law enforcement in federal immigration enforcement. There were a number of issues that were retained taking into account that many of the police executives were concerned with the increased ratio of exploitation and victimization of the immigrants highlighting that there is a possible increase in the misconduct of police. There is a massive account of errors of the police referring to the complexity of the immigration laws, asserting that there is a possibility of the civil lawsuits and other racial profiling that can affect an immigrant to access the municipal services. One of the aspects of the debate has highlighted that despite a highly compact and diverse debate there is a number of issues that still confuse the idea of involving law enforcing bodies in the context of immigration. (Farris, et, al 2017).

In accordance with the RAND study, it is concluded that there are certain issues in terms of unauthorized immigration. Researchers are of the view that the partnership between local law enforcement agencies and federal and state law is one of the ideologies that is gaining popularity. It is inferred that there are 67 formal agreements between local criminal justice, state and federal government that empower the local law bodies to incorporate immigration laws. It resulted in the identification of 140,000 deportable immigrants from the year 2006 to 2009. (Rhodes, et, al 2015). It is highlighted that there is an estimate of about 12 million immigrants in the United States, including population that entered the USA illegally as well as the people who are overstaying their visas. There is another group, termed as the third group in which about 5% of all out of status immigrants are included, it also includes those who have been processed through the courts and juries have ignored the deportation orders.

According to the estimates of US Department of Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement, it is estimated that it will take about 15 years and about more than $5 billion to clear the backlog of those who have been sentenced to deportation. (Armenta, et, al. 2017). Although jurisdiction has started to work in collaboration with federal officials with the sole aim of enforcing the immigration law, this partnership will work but there are certain gaps as well. Another side of the same picture highlights that if state and local law enforcement officers will start to enforce immigration law, there will be fear and distrust in the immigrant population. There is no justified stance that exists for the determination of the reasonable suspicion of the immigration law, asserting a law is enforced without any clear federal authority that is designated by the law. There would be great mismanagement in terms of crime management and the safety of public, highlighting that there would be a constant repercussion of the criteria of local police. (Armenta, et, al. 2017). This will ultimately lead to hampered abilities of the state and local law enforcement bodies taking into account the ability to investigate the crimes and interfere with the sole mission to serve and protect all the members, either they are citizens or not. It is also highlighted that the outcome of collaboration between ICE and other police would require close scrutiny and keen observation in local jails.

Under the stance of current code of conduct, a police officer brings up an undocumented noncitizen to jail, it will lead to arrest and the entity will stay at the jail. There are a number of immigrants who are under the custody of ICE, taking into account the breaching of state and local law. Under many state laws, individuals are flagged by jailers and the police, asserted they are foreign-born and they are not local citizens. There are a number of stakeholders who possess discretion to make a report that may involve any undocumented noncitizen. It is significant to note that there is no definite federal or state law that could provide guidance in this area of discretionary reporting. (Armenta, et, al. 2017).

An exegetical analysis reveals that the issue of immigration is not easy going. For local police officers issue of immigration is more like a dilemma. Although a number of police chiefs have initiated inter-department review sessions regarding immigration and enforcement, still there is no way out to catch a single acceptable course of discussions. It is clear that the issue of immigration is dominating in a number of American communities, in fact, it is a common issue that is faced by police leaders. Several legal agencies have spent a number of years in order to develop a relationship with diverse communities in order to validate public safety of all inhabitants. It is asserted that the prime focus of law enforcing agencies is to build trust and maintain the support of communities that are immigrants, asserting it is an ongoing challenge for police executives in order to recognize effective policing. It is significant to note that ordinances, laws and informal policies should be made which could encourage police control in an immigration matter.

Conclusion

Today, there are certain strong policies that could ensure safety of immigrants from accessing police protection, they should be pitted against enforcement practices that could highlight immigration laws. It is important to note that the line between police immigration enforcing state and federal government is thin so local policies should be formulated to preserve effective community policy and the rights of immigrants in the United States. Criminal aliens must be detained and assessed by local and state police officers ignoring the falsified truth that legislation is already given an authority to arrest criminals. Every individual in the United States of America must be subjected to the law and regulations with an approach that law-making authorities and their stakeholders are meant to protect the rights and lives of the people.

References

Armenta, A., & Alvarez, I. (2017). Policing immigrants or policing immigration? Understanding local law enforcement participation in immigration control. Sociology Compass, 11(2), e12453.

Farris, E. M., & Holman, M. R. (2017). All politics is local? County sheriffs and localized policies of immigration enforcement. Political Research Quarterly, 70(1), 142-154.

Nguyen, M. T., & Gill, H. (2016). Interior immigration enforcement: The impacts of expanding local law enforcement authority. Urban Studies, 53(2), 302-323.

Rhodes, S. D., Mann, L., Simán, F. M., Song, E., Alonzo, J., Downs, M., ... & Reboussin, B. A. (2015). The impact of local immigration enforcement policies on the health of immigrant Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 105(2), 329-337.

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Modern World and Democracy

Modern World and Democracy

Is the world getting smaller?

It has long been known that the world is getting smaller. Not in the direct, but in the figurative, of course, sense of the word. A huge number of airports and aero-hubs allow you to cross half of the world in less than a day, highways, high-speed trains - change our understanding of the distances. Not to mention the telephone connection. Thanks to Android phones and iPhones, low-cost rates or, moreover, programs such as Skype or WhatsApp, which can be installed both on the phone and on the computer, we can communicate daily for hours with our friends and relatives who can be in any point of the world. We can not only hear them, but also see them.

State borders are becoming more transparent, controlling the movement of information is becoming increasingly difficult, as, indeed, people. Perhaps the visa will soon become a formality. To resist these processes is physically impossible. Whether we like it or not, we can either join this process or remain outside it, dooming ourselves to the role of an outsider. Traveling man expands his horizons and worldview, he learns a new look at many things, including his life and his city. Traveling is an engine of progress for those places where a person lives, because thanks to new experience and knowledge, he can bring something new and useful to his native country. These are not empty words, by and large the whole history of mankind is a constant exchange of experience and achievements between different cultures and countries. Just before, only a limited circle of people had the opportunity to learn other cultures, but today, every person has the potential to do so. And it is necessary to use it.

Is capitalism a good thing?

Capitalism has apparently triumphed in the dispute of the systems. Right: he currently has the upper hand and also tries to conquer the rest of the world. He was already very successful in this regard, because he has reached almost all countries, even in the camp of the former opponent. Whether in Russia, the headquarters of communism, or in China, the Asian economic giant, openings for the capitalist idea have taken place everywhere - and rightly so, because it is not wrong. But it is wrong to leave control to the markets and give them access to all livelihoods. In that sense, it is at least subject to state control in Asia, which is no longer with us.

Is democracy a good thing?

A democratic state can be considered only one in which human rights, the right to work and a decent life are reliably protected. But finally, in my eyes, the idea of democracy politics pursued by the United States ruined the idea. Everywhere and everywhere they declare themselves the loudest defenders of democratic values, but do they bring peace and prosperity to anyone? In the modern world, democracy is considered the best and the only correct way of governing, and under democracy, of course, universal suffrage. By default, any liberal, humanist, human rights defender and simply a European parliamentarian means that universal suffrage is good, that any problem of any country can be solved by introducing a universal vote, and if any country, for example, China, all its outstanding economic success does not provide citizens with such a right, then it is enough that any self-respecting liberal stigmatized China with shame. Democracy today is understood as a certain set of features that characterize a democratic society, such as: freedom of speech, will, rallies, meetings, etc. That is, it is primarily about political freedoms of society. This is democracy in the modern sense of the word. Such a democracy is needed by the people. The main features of modern democracy are legislatively secured electoral forms of proportional representation in a collective authority, as well as the obligatory existence of the rights of citizens who have a mechanism for protecting the interests of a minority.

Consumptionism around the world

In the course of the 1990s, market researchers, advertising specialists and consumer advocates developed the model of a society that is again differentiated by the symbolic dimension of consumer goods: demonstrative consumption, that is the consumer's desire to communicate their social status with the help of consumer goods, has a new one created social hierarchy. While consumer advocates warned society of "drifting apart" on the basis of mass consumption, Advertising strategists now focus their campaigns on the distinctive needs of ever smaller audiences. This paradigm shift in the discourse about consumption and society affected all fields of the "modern consumer society", from consumer research, marketing and advertising through consumer criticism and consumer protection to consumer policy.

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Influence of Culture in an Organization

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Influence of Culture in an Organization

1.

The culture of Netflix lies at the very heart of prioritizing people over process. The generous offerings to the employees as an expense policy and incentives as unlimited holidays. The corporation places the essential significance on the virtue of teamwork and refraining from discriminating against any employee ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"XyrMdNzC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Books, Podcasts, Management, & America, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Books, Podcasts, Management, & America, n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":397,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/WINK4W2I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/WINK4W2I"],"itemData":{"id":397,"type":"webpage","title":"How Netflix Built a Culture of 'Freedom and Responsibility'","container-title":"Knowledge@Wharton","abstract":"Patty McCord, former chief talent officer at Netflix and an architect of the company’s famous Culture Deck, explains the principles in her book, ‘Powerful.’","URL":"https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-netflix-built-its-company-culture/","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Books","given":""},{"family":"Podcasts","given":""},{"family":"Management","given":"Strategic"},{"family":"America","given":"North"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Books, Podcasts, Management, & America, n.d.). The core cultural values of Netflix are communication, integrity, innovation, judgment, selflessness and curiosity.

2.

The cultural components which pave the way for innovation are the unique and transparent cultural values practiced in the organization. For instance, several reports have highlighted accountability and honesty as crucial issues for the company. Sunshining is the process which encourages employees to share flaws with others which is an explicit illustration to inculcate innovation.

3.

The firing policy pursued by Netflix appears radical and abrupt. Employees can be forced to resign by terming them inappropriate for growing marketing trends and needs. It is a prominent cultural component impeding the advent of innovation as the employees may feel insecure despite efficiency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"A5qVpGmd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(McCord, 2014)","plainCitation":"(McCord, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":401,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/IAAF8B6L"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/IAAF8B6L"],"itemData":{"id":401,"type":"article-magazine","title":"How Netflix Reinvented HR","container-title":"Harvard Business Review","issue":"January–February 2014","source":"hbr.org","abstract":"Trust people, not policies. Reward candor. And throw away the standard playbook.","URL":"https://hbr.org/2014/01/how-netflix-reinvented-hr","ISSN":"0017-8012","author":[{"family":"McCord","given":"Patty"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",1,1]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (McCord, 2014). The other aspect highlights the policies advancing the promotion. An unsystematic policy ought to be changed and replaced with an organized stream of events and experience leading to promotion.

4.

To strengthen the innovation culture, it is imperative to address the strategic issues which relate to decision making. Netflix ought to incorporate a tolerant policy for the failure and risks factors. It is the key to promulgate sustainable innovation. Since the culture is thriving, Netflix will have toadvance and establish a thorough sense of direction to supplement the progress and inculcate sustainable innovation.

5.

Communicating the innovative plan to the employees is the key to ensure the success of the innovation plan. The tolerant policy for failure and risk should be communicated from bottom-up communication. However, the key is making adjustments to the innovation plan as per the response of the employees and the long-term impact of the decision on the outcomes of Netflix ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ue90XX2W","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Richardson, 2011)","plainCitation":"(Richardson, 2011)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":403,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/QK66KKIP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/QK66KKIP"],"itemData":{"id":403,"type":"article-magazine","title":"Netflix’s Bold Disruptive Innovation","container-title":"Harvard Business Review","source":"hbr.org","abstract":"Every now and then, the business world presents us with a lab experiment that we can observe in realtime. Netflix’s announcement that it is splitting off its DVD-by-mail business from its streaming business is just such an experiment. The DVD business will now go by the name Qwikster, and the streaming business will stay under […]","URL":"https://hbr.org/2011/09/netflix-bold-disruptive-innovation","ISSN":"0017-8012","author":[{"family":"Richardson","given":"Adam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011",9,20]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Richardson, 2011). As a general rule of thumb, the communication channel must be broad, clear and productive.

6.

The key to ensuring capacity building for innovative thinking is the availability of a diverse workforce that is passionate about accelerating the productivity of Netflix. Since Netflix shuns the instances involving discrimination, diversification can be utilized to open doorways to innovative ideas and solving the problem through creativity. Besides, it is essential to allocate resources specifically for innovation. Field officers, crowdsourcing and open-source database are some of the strategies beneficial to continue the growth of innovative thinking.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Books, Podcasts, Management, S., & America, N. (n.d.). How Netflix Built a Culture of “Freedom and Responsibility.” Retrieved May 21, 2019, from Knowledge@Wharton website: https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-netflix-built-its-company-culture/

McCord, P. (2014, January 1). How Netflix Reinvented HR. Harvard Business Review, (January–February 2014). Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2014/01/how-netflix-reinvented-hr

Richardson, A. (2011, September 20). Netflix’s Bold Disruptive Innovation. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/09/netflix-bold-disruptive-innovation

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Organization

Compelling vision

Innovative thinking can be improved by exposing employees to open innovation. The company's compelling vision for promoting innovative thinking relies on adopting the model of 4 C's. The four C's are courage, clarity, connectedness, and culture. The organization must have the courage of imagining the invisible and painting the picture of a positive state CITATION Bil181 \l 1033 (Taylor, 2018). This requires deciding for the change and identifying the options. The organization must be clear in determining the goals and connecting them with the organizational goals. An innovative culture promotes employees to share ideas that will help in the creation of a compelling vision. Fostering understanding is another important step because it allows an organization to identify the role of employees CITATION BLa01 \l 1033 (Lawson, 2001).

Innovative culture

Netflix was established in 1997 that provides internet entertainment services to the viewers. It allows the audience to watch documentaries, serials, and movies across the world.

Netflix has an innovative culture that aims at providing distinct and interactive services to customers. Open culture has encouraged employees to come up with new and creative ideas CITATION Wha18 \l 1033 (Wharton, 2018). The culture of freedom has allowed the company to experiment with new ideas and connect the audience by offering creative options.

As an innovative leader, I believe that the organization must be able to see through the lens of big ideas. They must possess courage for taking risks and investing in new ideas.

The proposed organizational student for improving innovation stresses on building open culture. This means a least restrictive environment is provided that allows employees to use their full potential.

Employees are engaged by creating an interactive culture. There will be open discussions and seminars that will provide an opportunity for the innovative employees to share their ideas.

Steps needed for maintaining innovation momentum include; providing a clear sense of direction, reducing bureaucracy, offering open communications and rewards.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Wharton. (2018). Learning from Netflix: How to Build a Culture of Freedom and Responsibility. Retrieved 05 22, 2019, from https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-netflix-built-its-company-culture/

Lawson, B. (2001). Developing innovation capability in organizations: a dynamic capabilities approach. International Journal of Innovation Management, 3 (5).

Taylor, B. (2018). To See the Future of Competition, Look at Netflix. Harvard Business Review.

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Defining My Social Identity

Yigit

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Defining My Social Identity

I am Yigit, an opinionated, assertive, yet an honest individual who, like other human beings, is a product of various social influences. I am a Turk-Muslim, hailing from a conservative family, but a person who is open to other opinions. A number of characteristics that define me as an individual have either been acquired from my social environment, or have been hereditary. I am part of a traditional urban middle-class nuclear family living in Ankara. My father and mother are a loving, happily married couple who place a lot of importance on family, and take pride in raising and instructing their children with the values and beliefs they cherish. In my family, children are given certain chores to perform since the start, which instill a sense of responsibility in them while there is little to no tolerance of deviant behavior. My mother was very particular about being honest all the time. She taught me that regardless of the circumstances being difficult, honestly always pays off. Thus, a great deal of who I am and the values I ended up cherishing were a hereditary in nature, and significantly affected the person I am today

Besides being a brother and a son, the most important social role I have played is as a student. As a young student, I built upon the values I had acquired from my family and was introduced to new social skills. I learnt the rules of what is acceptable behavior in groups, and realized that a lack of compliance with such rules would lead to social sanctions. As I entered high school, I was introduced to social hierarchies, either from class divisions or arising from popularity. Forming associations with middle-class and upper-class students allowed me to plan, evaluate and reflect upon who I am and my identity with respect to the settings I was in. I wanted to spend time with groups of students who would engage in more thrilling activities while also wanting to fulfill my family’s expectations in achieving higher academic grades, like the other group did. My experiences with dating helped me understand the more emotional aspects of life, and these experiences contributed to the development of my emotional control, and higher moral values that I realized I had to conduct myself with, to be seen as a dignified and responsible adult.

After I graduated, I wanted to visit the U.S. and explore other cultures besides the one I grew in. As an International student enrolled at Texas Wesleyan University, I found myself in a vastly different environment that I was used to. In my view, my decision to visit the U.S. and my choice of major was influenced more by my heredity. I am someone who hailed from a working-class family. My grandfather was a tax-attorney who earned a respectable middle-class income, and encouraged my father to join the military. Similarly, my mother came from a family of doctors who although used to be very pre-occupied with work, strove hard to balance work and family, and helped provide stability and care for her 3 children. I am privileged of belonging to a family of parents who came from working class backgrounds by means of which they enjoyed a stable home, family care and economic well-being. It was almost natural for me to choose the STEM field instead of majors associated with art, culture, gender studies, or film. I had seen my parents save money to pay for my tuition and avoid many luxuries in life. This created a natural understanding in me that I too have to work to achieve stability in life, instead of taking too many risks.

As a Turk, who hails from a Muslim-majority and collectivist society, I am more inclined to see myself in terms of the group I represent. However, I see how different economic, structural, social and geographical factors can shape an individual differently, who may have made a different career or lifestyle choices than I did. These varying social, familial and economic factors, carry social implications and consequences. The social structure in which other people live, as well as the interdependent institutions within it play a major role in defining their choices in life, just as my career choices were influenced by my family’s and my ancestor’s occupations. Reflecting on these social, environmental and hereditary influences helps me discover and understand my personal identity, who I am or how others see their place in society.

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Yigit

Name of Professor

Name of Class

31 March 2019

What way should we define religions, and how do they help and/or hinder?

Philosophers and thinkers have widely held throughout history that it is the human contemplation and the desire for meaning that separates them from other animals. It may explain why religion has been found to be present in every single human society that has existed. Archeologists and anthropologist have discovered various artefacts, ceremonial sites, and ritual objects belonging to early human societies indicating the significant role religion carried in their lives. However, religious differences have frequently driven disputes and conflict yet it has hardly been questioned for its role until recently.

Religion can be simply defined as a particular form of awareness of the world, commonly centered on the existence of a divine being, or God, which becomes a source of ethical and moral conduct often reflected in that religion’s sacred scriptures. Researchers indicate the appearance of religions to coincide with the same time when mankind is first known to have appeared. Although not organized, it played a prominent role within early societies CITATION Jef14 \l 1033 (Kripal). However, its importance, defining religion may not be a simple task. In religions such as Buddhism, there are no deities to be worshipped. Instead, it centers around the presence of an alternate spiritual reality which is distinct and separate from the earthly or the material world CITATION Pau051 \l 1033 (Seto). Incorporating this into the definition, religion may be defined as a belief in the existence of an unseen spiritual world. Yet, this definition does not acknowledge the significance of an institutionalized gathering of a community of adherents.

Besides the spiritual and communal aspect, the presence of personal beliefs, faith, and feelings of veneration and reverence, collective rites and prayers, along with prohibitions and moral rules also characterize a religion. Yet, religion by its nature remains different from ideology. Ideologies, like religions, may require demand absolute adherence or loyalty but are not reliant on spirituality or gods. Furthermore, religion is much different from magic as the involvement of a deity does not warrant interference in the material world for desired changes. Prayers in religions, in contrast, are centered around the belief that a deity can answer prayers to achieve a certain outcome based in reality. At the same time, religion is something that connects an Individual with the divine world to bring them a sense of tranquility, confidence and inner warmth by making life more meaningful and purposeful for them by adhering to those beliefs. Therefore, to define religions accurately would require a deeper consideration of all of these different aspects that make it distinct from ideologies, magic, or plain spiritualism.

Understanding the nature of religions also entail an acknowledgment and appreciation of their similarities. Most religions hold the notion of there being a single almighty God. Monotheism is not unique to Judaism, Christianity or Islam, but something shared by a number of different religions that share a consensus that regarding God being the origin or the source of existence. Yet, the three Abrahamic religions strongly emphasize this principle relying upon their sacred scripture to guide their believers into understanding God and his Will. All three of these religions encourage their believers to follow the will of God by adhering to the commandments present within their scripture in order to live a more peaceful and fulfilling life while promising eternal life in paradise after death CITATION Jef14 \l 1033 (Kripal). The Prophets in the Abrahamic tradition are those who could communicate with God, yet many of their stories defy natural phenomena. For instance, Jesus is said to have given life to the dead, Noah to have built a boat that saved humanity from extinction, and Moses to have split the red sea into half. Yet these accounts are unquestioned and even sometimes accepted by those belonging to another religion.

Likewise, a number of similarities exist between Abrahamic religions and other pagan religions. For instance, the idea of pilgrimage is something common to Sikhs, Buddhists, Jews, Christians, and Muslims as is the use of water to perform various religious rites. Most religions specify these acts within rituals and ceremonies, such as Christians who baptize infants with water, listen to sermons, and pray each Sundays at the churchCITATION Cha \l 1033 (Pevateaux). In this regard, Muslims are the strictest adherent to monotheism while seeing their faith as a continuance of the real tradition of Judeo-Christian Prophets whose message had become corrupted over time. Religious practice in Islam is based on its five pillars while Islamic law, as defined in the Quran, provides guidance on all important aspects of life and society for its believers CITATION Moh05 \l 1033 (Khan).

Acknowledging these similarities and differences allow one to gain a better understanding of what religion is and what meaning it holds for people. At times, many Christians are seen using confusing phrases, such as Christianity is not a religion but rather one’s connection with Jesus. Similarly, Muslims claim that Islam is a way of life and not just a religion while many Hindus associate the geographic location of India with adherence to Hinduism, instead of seeing it as a distinct religion. However, these statements or phrases are not meant to deny the term religion but rather to emphasize a certain aspect of it that traditional definitions of religion may not fully incorporate.

From our discussion, it can be inferred that defining religion in a way that captures all its different aspects is a complex feat. Yet, even if a formal definition is difficult to formulate, the purpose, nature, and intent of religion is something that remains clear to most. Essentially, religion is about trying to reach God and to provide a human being with a sense of security and purpose. A belief in a higher deity helps human beings understand their place in the world, why they are here and what their ultimate destination might be. This belief is extraordinarily powerful and has transformed people’s lives and shaped human history. Though religions differ with one another, often to the extent of leading towards violent clashes, however, the overall contribution of religion to human society has been positive. It has driven human beings to a higher purpose, encouraged them to become moral beings and has helped them cope with difficulties in their lives. For thousands of years, the connection with the divine has brought human beings out of despair, given them a sense of community and ushered a strong purpose and meaning on their lives giving them a reason to go on and look forward to a life of contentment.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Khan, Mohammed A. "I am a Muslim." Introduction to World Religions. Ed. Christopher Partridge. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005.

Kripal, Jeffrey J. Comparing Religions. 1st. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Pevateaux, Chad. "Compiling the Sacred Stories: Canon Formation of Christian Scriptures." Christianity. n.d. 31 March 2019.

Seto, Paul. "I am a Buddhist." Introduction to World Religions. Ed. Christopher Partridge. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005.

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Theory of evolution

Student’s Name:

Institution Affiliation:

Course:

Tutor;

Date;

The theory of evolution represents an idea that was first fronted by Charles Darwin, a leading scientist of his era. The theory, which has come to clash with major religious philosophies that dominate the world today focuses on the issue of natural selection. Gennaro, a philosopher of science together with others define the theory as life on the planet earth came from a single ancestor millions of years ago. The current life as we know it today is, therefore, the culmination of millions of years of evolution where the offspring of different subjects had a variety of modification that allowed them to adapt.

Charles Darwin used a wide range of sources and ideas to come up with this theory. This involved the study of the genes of different organisms, paleontology which looked at the history of fossilized flora and fauna and even geology, focusing on how the earth has changed over the millennia. The purpose of this theory is to show that there exists a definitive connection between all the organisms that exist on the planet at the moment. A simple way of putting this theory is that survival would only be ensured for the fittest organisms. The term fittest, in this case, refers to those that were able to reproduce or to survive certain conditions of their environment.

Charles Darwin's evolution concept is one that is highly applied to the advancement of biology today to the enormous body of evidence supporting it. Evolution in itself means a change in the development of individual species of organisms from generation to generation over time. According to Darwin, any species which has any profitable characteristic among its complex relations with other organisms or the forces of nature within its environment will preserve the characteristic and transfer them to its offspring's. The organisms with desirable features were described to have the ability to live long, and the transfer of the species to the younger generation results in the increase in the features of such an organism in the environment. In contrary to this, Darwin illustrates that the organisms which had undesirable features could not survive and therefore dies at the pre-mature age and their generation is depleted. He referred to this process like natural selection, where nature selects the best organisms and gets rid of the undesirable organisms.

Darwin illustrated that as the organisms are brought into the world, they must struggle with other plants such as in the search for food and the physical environment where they are. Plants and animals give rise to many organisms , but few organisms survive to maturity due to various restrictions in the environment. Climate plays the largest role in the struggle for existence among organisms. However, other factors such as predators also play part in the struggle for existence in an individual , in this case, the number of predators must be few compared to the number of organisms being consumed so as ensure that they are not wiped out.

In Darwin's view, this change is attributed to his postulates of natural selection and survival for the fittest. While proposing the idea of natural selection, Darwin came up with four components; variation, genetics, differential survival, and reproduction and change over time. In the first element, Charles Darwin argued that there has to be a variation for natural selection to occur in a population. This change takes place in the genetic makeup of organisms. It is the genes that code for differences or similarities in characteristics among individuals in a species. The second component of Darwinian's natural selection process underscores inheritance. These genetic variations have to be passed onto offsprings from generation to generation. This implies that genetic variation should not just be in DNA but in the genetic material of the germ cells to ensure that the traits are passed from parent to offspring. The insects with red DNA survive the insecticide and can reproduce giving rise to offsprings with similar genetic material. The third component of differential survival and reproduction means that only those individuals in a species that can survive the calamities posed by the environment will reproduce and pass their traits onto their offsprings.

The process of evolution is designed to add genetic mutations that are helpful to an organism while doing away with the bad ones. The theory offers a realistic understanding of how the world has come to host a staggeringly large number of organisms belonging to different species. This has become the hallmark of modern biology as it seeks to explain the origin of species on the planet and how each of them has become so different from the other. Thus evolution can be deemed both a fact and theory as seen in the discussion above.