Plan Of Care

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Plan of Care

Many natural disasters like earthquake, hurricanes, droughts and excessive rains happen within seconds. Calamities are considered as very traumatic, not for the people but also the community at large. During the last two decades, more than 3 billion families have suffered due to many natural disasters. The incidence and human consequence of disasters have increased due to the increasing human population. Therefore, the public health strategists focus on providing care to all the natural disaster victims. Moreover, the nurses are trained in such a way that they not only deal with physical pain but with mental stress as well ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"OaSCITpt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bliss & While, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Bliss & While, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":425,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/R9RZUSRD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/R9RZUSRD"],"itemData":{"id":425,"type":"article-journal","title":"Meeting the needs of vulnerable patients: The need for team working across general practice and community nursing services","container-title":"London Journal of Primary Care","page":"149-153","volume":"6","issue":"6","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"General practitioners and district nurses have a long history of providing care outside the hospital setting. With health care increasingly moving out of the hospital setting, there are more opportunities for general practitioners and district nurses to work together to meet the health needs of the local population. However, the reduction in qualified specialist practitioner district nurses over the last decade is concerning. The need for an effective district nursing service has been recognised by the Department of Health in their own model – the nature of district nursing work, often over a long period, enables relationships to develop with the patient, family and informal carers as a basis for anticipatory care to manage long-term conditions. Communication and understanding of the role are central to enhance effective working between general practitioners and district nurses, which can be fostered by engagement in community-oriented integrated care and case management.","ISSN":"1757-1472","note":"PMID: 25949736\nPMCID: PMC4345779","shortTitle":"Meeting the needs of vulnerable patients","journalAbbreviation":"London J Prim Care (Abingdon)","author":[{"family":"Bliss","given":"Julie"},{"family":"While","given":"Alison E"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bliss & While, 2014). During the late twentieth-century disaster research came out as a complex scholarly endeavor. Public health experts and psychologists are working on the impact of the disaster on the human brain and emotions. Whatever the impact is the public health strategists are designing policies according to the needs of the victims. The nurses play an important role in this regard. As the nurses are only public health workers, who go to the affected areas to rescue the victims.

Therefore, the main focus is on improving the capabilities of nurses by providing them with basic knowledge and skills. They are trained in such a way that they excel not only in providing physical treatment to the victims but also assess the mental sufferings of the survivors which are prominent in the form of depression and PTSD. These symptoms are noted not only in adults but in children as well. These training majorly deal with emotional stresses as a result of natural disasters, the individuals are asked different questions to assess the depth of the trauma. District nursing services is another health care initiative which plays an important role in treating susceptible people with some complicated healthcare requirements who wants to remain and die in their homes if that is the choice of the person and his family. District nurses in this regard have the required potentials to treat the patients at their homes and avoid unnecessary hospital admission. Therefore, they are the key members of the primary healthcare team.

The community health nursing practice target vulnerable population like the flood victims as a main responsibility towards the whole population. The community health nursing is taking the initiative to enhance the preparedness for the vulnerable populations. It’s not completely in the hands of government to outreach to the population, but the general citizens also have to play their role by helping their neighbors. They should be encouraged and empowered by the common citizens to ask for help from the public health sector.

The vulnerable population can be helped easily by sending a team of nurses with all the proper requirements ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"wRIZQlFf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Becker, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Becker, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":428,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/PN9S9HD5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/PN9S9HD5"],"itemData":{"id":428,"type":"article-journal","title":"Psychosocial Care for Women Survivors of the Tsunami Disaster in India","container-title":"American Journal of Public Health","page":"654-658","volume":"99","issue":"4","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"Objectives. I investigated the effectiveness of Psychosocial Care, a community-based mental health initiative for survivors of the 2004 tsunami disaster in India., Methods. Mental health teams from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in India implemented a train-the-trainer model of psychosocial care in one of the worst tsunami-affected areas of south India. Three months of psychosocial care was provided for an intervention group of women, but not for a control group recruited from an exposed neighboring village. Impact of Event Scale (IES) scores—both total scores and scores for subscales on hypervigilance, avoidance, and intrusion—were compiled for both the intervention and control groups and used as outcome measures., Results. For the intervention group, posttest total IES and subscale scores were significantly lower than pretest scores (P < .001), indicating improvement in symptoms. Posttest total IES and subscale scores were significantly lower for the intervention group than for the control group (P < .001)., Conclusions. Psychosocial care is an effective mental health strategy for women survivors of disasters and should be an integral component of disaster response in resource-poor countries.","DOI":"10.2105/AJPH.2008.146571","ISSN":"0090-0036","note":"PMID: 19150896\nPMCID: PMC2661489","journalAbbreviation":"Am J Public Health","author":[{"family":"Becker","given":"Susan M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Becker, 2009). These nurses should be trained to survive and treat the patients under difficult circumstances. Most of the time, more than physical injuries the children especially undergo emotional traumas, so the nurses should be trained in such a way that problems like these can also be tackled easily by them. The gap in the health care department is huge; policies are still missing for individuals facing financial problems, patients with mental issues and specific population like children, aged people, and women. In addition to these, specific training should also be given to the population on how to survive under natural calamity. The NGOs and government should collaborate in order to provide maximum facilities to the population. Studies also suggest that there is no mental health preparedness available for such population ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"5qulaana","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Roudini, Khankeh, & Witruk, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Roudini, Khankeh, & Witruk, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":422,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/VDU3PWGR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/VDU3PWGR"],"itemData":{"id":422,"type":"article-journal","title":"Disaster mental health preparedness in the community: A systematic review study","container-title":"Health Psychology Open","volume":"4","issue":"1","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of articles that cover aspects of disaster mental health preparedness. This assessment was done by a thorough review and summary of the available studies which provided a considerable background and amplified the gaps in knowledge about community mental health preparedness. By this systematic review, we tried to identify available concept of community mental health preparedness and related tools that communities and individuals will need to prepare for natural disasters. We found there is a lack of mental health preparedness in the majority of countries; valid and reliable tools and context-bound programs should be developed based on the experiences and perceptions of the community.","URL":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489140/","DOI":"10.1177/2055102917711307","ISSN":"2055-1029","note":"PMID: 28680695\nPMCID: PMC5489140","shortTitle":"Disaster mental health preparedness in the community","journalAbbreviation":"Health Psychol Open","author":[{"family":"Roudini","given":"Juliet"},{"family":"Khankeh","given":"Hamid Reza"},{"family":"Witruk","given":"Evelin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",6,13]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,8]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Roudini, Khankeh, & Witruk, 2017). Therefore, the nurses and also the health care providers should keep this in mind while designing policies.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Becker, S. M. (2009). Psychosocial Care for Women Survivors of the Tsunami Disaster in India. American Journal of Public Health, 99(4), 654–658.

Bliss, J., & While, A. E. (2014). Meeting the needs of vulnerable patients: The need for team working across general practice and community nursing services. London Journal of Primary Care, 6(6), 149–153.

Roudini, J., Khankeh, H. R., & Witruk, E. (2017). Disaster mental health preparedness in the community: A systematic review study. Health Psychology Open, 4(1).