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Newark
Newark is the largest city of New Jersey. It is a great city for lovers of music, poetry, and art. Newark is a vibrant cultural center due to five things including the Newark Museum, Dodge Poetry Festival, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Arts Council, and Jazz History. It has a long tradition of musical innovation. The Newark Museum features 80 galleries that are dedicated to natural science and fine arts. Black Nationalism was prominent in the 1960s and early 1970s in the United States. This movement was made to acquire economic power and promote the feeling of a group among blacks. Historians believed that Black Nationalism was the creation of a separate black nation by African Americans in American society. African Americans used the slogan like “black is beautiful” and “black power” to indoctrinate a sense of pride among blacks.
Newark is a mid-sized port city which acts as distinctly separate place while maintaining a symbiotic relationship with Manhattan. Newark is transforming in terms of tech infrastructure. The WBGO jazz radio and New Jersey Institute of Technology helps in preserving the legacy of the city as a Jazz capital (Kantrowitz, 2019). The old Hahne & Co. is a department store building which is filled with 160 apartments including a celebrity chef restaurant, a Rutgers campus bookstore, and retail and more; however, the peripheral of the building preserves many architectural aspects of the original building. African Americans coincided their Black arts movement with Black Arts Repertory Theatre in Harlem. This movement brought together many black artists, musicians, and innovators. This movement was spread in different nations such as San Francisco, Chicago, and Detroit (Kantrowitz, 2019). There were many black artists in this movement including Sun Ra, Sonia Sanchez, and Albert Ayler. However, American got suspicious of the activities of BARTS as it was the first black arts schools of its time.
The black art movement comprised of several black artists, musicians, dramatists, and writers who wanted to emerge as black power in the nation. The father of the black arts movement was the famous poet Imamu Amiri Braka (Foster, 2014). This movement began after the opening of the Black Arts Repertory in Harlem in 1965. The black art movement was separated into two groups after the assassination of Malcolm X on February 21, 1965. These groups include the Cultural Nationalists and the Revolutionary Nationalists. To the black arts writers, literature was a means of incitement. They used literature and poetry to motivate African Americans to get freedom in American society. They considered poetry an immediate way to articulate the new black consciousness. Non-fiction works by black authors such as Du Bois, and Booker T. Washington helped to highlight the racism in the United States (Foster, 2014). The efforts of Black authors fueled the civil rights movements to end racial segregation. Many scholars wrote about racial segregation and Black Nationalism. It is notable to mention that the literature and poetry of African Americans explore the issues of equality and freedom in order to end racism from society.
The Newark public art program seeks prominent and large outdoor walls for painting in all Newark neighborhoods. The purpose of this program is to create permanent paintings on major walls of Newark city. The public art in Newark gives the opportunity to both male and female artists to showcase their talent. The National Negro Council (NNC) started a culture of militancy in Newark. In the national convention, Garveyites made comments about the involvement of political personality of African Americans in Newark. The African American community was criticized in Newark due to the preference for the pleasures of nightlife, accommodationist attitudes and lack of political motivation. Black Newark was accommodating to segregate in the community in the 1940s. At that time, they had social clubs, churches, business, and nightclubs. Jazz clubs and booming nightlife were present in Newark where African Americans lived with Italians and Jews. The industrial boom of Newark started in the mid-1800s. The Newark city was turned into a bustling port city due to the construction of railroads along with Morris Canal. Newark remained a second leading seller of insurance in the United States. In the Newark, African American community grew immediately, and soon they found itself concentrated in substandard housing projects. The poor housing of African Americans was problematic for them in terms of political disenfranchisement and unemployment. Due to the economic decline in the 1970s and 1980s, poor and polarized communities such as African Americans were left behind to suffer in the city.
It is notable to mention that Newark is the biggest city of New Jersey and it is an essential hub for shipping, rail service, and air travel. Drug addiction and alcoholism suffered many people in Newark’s society. The rate of substance abuse is higher in Newark as compared to the rest of New Jersey. It is difficult for Newark to manage its economic stability as increased drug addiction can lead to increased costs for healthcare and law enforcement. The Newark rehab is made for those people who are intensively suffering from alcoholism and substance abuse. The aim of the drug rehabilitation of Newark is to provide effective care and medical facilities to African Americans to improve their life quality. Newark drug and alcohol rehab centers provide various therapies and treatment programs to help people in regaining their life and maintaining long-lasting sobriety. It provides access to intensive substance abuse therapy sessions. Saint Michael’s Medical Center along with various other medical facilities is working to provide effective health care services for patients against HIV/AIDs. In 2016, Saint Michael's was one of the best HIV/AIDS testing sites in the state. The PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) is a medicine that is highly recommended in Newark to prevent HIV infection. Newark's medical centers provide assistance to a patient with enrollment in drug/co-pay assistance program. It provides safer sex education, conducts a risk assessment for HIV infection, provides assistance from onsite PrEP team and monitors medication adherence. Effective health care services are provided in Newark which helps in efficient management of medical and case management services. Newark is the largest city of the Essex country, but it suffers from various urban issues such as homelessness. It is notable to mention that hundreds of people are forced to live on the streets at night. There are 1938 homeless people in Newark according to the “Point in Time Count." These 1938 people are accompanied by more than 500 children which shows that Newark is facing severe issues of homelessness. Some people believe that the number of homeless people in Newark is more than 3000 including children as well as adults. However, it is noteworthy to mention that homelessness in Newark is a strong trend as the only small number of people are suffering from long term homelessness. The Newark has started many temporary schemes to provide shelter to these people in the community. The most prominent program is Ten year Plan which is providing facilities to homeless people to gain better housing in Newark’s society. However, the majority of homeless people are still suffering on the streets as they are unable to find suitable shelter for them.
The Occupy Wall Street movement was a left-wing protest movement that was made against economic inequality. It is notable to mention that the black power movement and occupy wall street movement are linked to each other as the black power movement was also made to gain respect and dignity in the society. African Americans were also struggling against discrimination in society, so it is safe to say that these two movements are interlinked. Americans believed that jobs are a real solution to poverty, but they are wrong. According to Bongiorno, the problem of poverty cannot be solved with the help of jobs. Discrimination in jobs is off its peak due to which the rich are becoming richer, while the life of the poor is further degrading. I agree with Bongiorno that jobs are no solution to unemployment and poverty until there is not a proper framework. The government must focus on equality to stop discrimination in the workplace as doing this will ultimately decrease poverty. Newark has suffered from discrimination and the worst conditions in the 20th century. Many African Americans were residing in Newark at that time period and were suffering from poverty. Some of the African leaders urged them to get an education in society so that they can compete for their catastrophic conditions. With the advance of education in Newark, the citizens of Newark managed to reduce economic inequalities, which results in peace and justice. It also leads towards the reduction of poverty in society.
The art of Newark is prominent due to the contribution of various famous black artists. Other states of the United States also have the contribution of significant artists in their society. However, the art and architecture of Newark are one of the best as it was the hub of Black arts who participated in BARTS. The famous art functions such as Newark Museum, Dodge Poetry Festival, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Arts Council, and Jazz History made Newark a unique city in terms of art and architecture. Revolution 67 is a significant documentary that demonstrates the violent history of Newark. The Newark riots was a major incident in 1967 which results in the death of 26 people. Hundreds of people were injured during the riots, and it also damaged the property of millions of dollars. Many scholars believed that Newark would never be fully recovered from this riot. This documentary accurately and effectively expresses the loss, the pain, the fear, and the moods. It is evident that the documentary will help people to remember a time that still haunts and inspires the people of the United States. The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution is just like Revolution 67, which examines the rise of the Black Panther Party. The Blank Panther Party helped African Americans to provide a platform where they can fight for their rights and dignity in the society. This party helped to fuel up the civil rights movements. It is essential to mention that the Blank Panther Party made effective efforts to support the cause of civil rights movement in order to gain freedom and dignity. American Pastoral is brain-tingling postmodern, upsetting, and deeply affecting which demonstrate the American politics and the media in the 20th century. American Pastoral provides a vision of America. It illustrates that the American dream is more like a nightmare for non-white communities in society. It is a book about America: about hating and loving it, about refusing to belong and wanting to belong. It provides a bitter truth that how innocent people turned themselves into revolutionary terrorists in the United States due to the cruelty and discrimination in society.
Works Cited
Foster, Hannah • BlackPast. (2014). BlackPast. Retrieved 26 March 2019, from https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/black-arts-movement-1965-1975/
"Black Arts Repertory Theatre And School (BARTS) And The Black Arts Movement – Black Power In American Memory." Blackpower.web.unc.edu. N. p., 2017. Web. 26 Mar. 2019.
Kantrowitz, Emma. "Location And Infrastructure Help Newark, New Jersey, Thrive." Blueprint, presented by CBRE. N. p., 2018. Web. 26 Mar. 2019.
Black Nationalism | The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. (2019). Kinginstitute.stanford.edu. Retrieved 26 March 2019, from https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/black-nationalism
Descant, Skip. "For Next-Generation City Infrastructure, Consider Partnerships." Govtech.com. N. p., 2018. Web. 26 Mar. 2019.
