Chapter 5 Review

Chapter Review

Ashley Lopez (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

The chapter gives a deeper understanding of the big five personality traits and how they impact the brain and the behavior as many psychologist believe that there are big five personality traits which make a person different from others. These five personality traits are commonly referred to as extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. Each of these personality traits shows a continuum between the two significant extremes ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1u6nm1fu49","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann Jr, 2003)","plainCitation":"(Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann Jr, 2003)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1305,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/8EAFUTFL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/8EAFUTFL"],"itemData":{"id":1305,"type":"article-journal","title":"A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains","container-title":"Journal of Research in personality","page":"504-528","volume":"37","issue":"6","author":[{"family":"Gosling","given":"Samuel D."},{"family":"Rentfrow","given":"Peter J."},{"family":"Swann Jr","given":"William B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann Jr, 2003). Openness is linked with eager to learn and experience new things, conscientiousness us associated with thoughtfulness and impulse control, Extraversion is linked with the sociability, talkativeness, and expressiveness. Agreeable personality has the attributes of kindness and affection and neuroticism is linked with instability and sadness. This chapter gives an understanding of how these traits function in brain and behavior.

Extraversion is the personality trait which is characterized by the qualities if excitement seeking and sociability. On its lower extreme which is commonly referred to as introversion is described as withdrawn and introspective behavior. It is the most researched personality trait in the history, and the research reveals that it is linked with happiness and they experience more positive emotional experiences and events, and they are profoundly more satisfied as compared to the introvert people. It is understood that the reasons behind that can be good social skills, confidence and the ability to remove or overcome the negative experiences.

The chapter also gave more profound insight into the second personality trait, neuroticism which is most commonly described as a continuum for emotional instability when it is at the higher extreme. It is often described as nervousness, moodiness, and depression. According to the researchers, this trait must be renamed as negative affectivity. People who have this personality trait suffers from stress and other adverse events in their life, and they are often unable to apply the coping strategies. Another point of learning which comes from Eysenck theory of arousal is that the differences in Extraversion attribute of different personalities are the outcome of differences in the nervous systems. In the case of the high extreme of extraversion, extraverts experience low arousal level, and as a result, they seek more to reach an optimal level and vice versa in case of introverts.

Both extremes of extraversion are linked to a behavioral approach system (BAS). On the other hand, according to arousal theory, the individual differences in Neuroticism are rooted in the limbic system of the brain, which is referred to as a behavioral inhibition system (BIS). It serves to mediate the individual's response to danger and threats. The third personality trait, openness, encompasses many personality traits such as inquiring intellect are related to cognitive functioning. The people who are high in this personality trait have high intellectual abilities. Such people are more liberal and have political attitudes. In addition, they are also linked with the education level of the individual.

Conscientious is linked with many great attributes such as responsibility, hard work, discipline, reliability, and well-organized. The difference in this attribute is associated with the effectiveness in work and are competent and proficient. In a work-related environment, the low extreme of this attribute is linked with absenteeism, criminality, and abuse at work. Agreeableness is another personality trait described as friendly compliance, and its other extreme is aggressiveness. People having the positive extreme of this personality trait is faced with fewer conflicts in their lives and vice versa. Overall the chapter gives a comprehensive understanding of the big five personality scheme and the individual differences within the samples used in different research studies on these traits. In addition, it gives an insight into the influence of these personality traits in the behavior of an individual distinguished from others.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504–528.