Theory Review Chart

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Theory Review Chart

Theoretical Framework

View of Human Nature

Key Theorists

Key Terminology

Key Concepts

Strengths/Weakness

Therapeutic Techniques

Personal View (Does this theory align with your personal view? Why or why not?

Psychodynamic

Psychoanalysis

Unconscious motivation, aggressive drives

Sigmund Freud

Instincts, Ego, consciousness

Childhood events

Ability to explore unconsciousness/ measuring unconsciousness for change

Countertransference analysis, transference analysis, technical neutrality

No, due to influence of external factors

Analytical Therapy

To reflect on the profound questions in life

Cark Jung

Archetypes, consciousness

Focus of archetypes and consciousness

Ability to cope with negative situations/ cannot resolve key issues

Questionnaire, allow the patient to talk freely

No, hard to swallow concept of ego

Individual Psychology

Self-in-rooted

Alfred Adler

Personality, desire

Work towards self-realization

Reorientation/ patient try to hid their issues

Vertical arrow and triple column technique

No

Existential-Humanistic

Existential Therapy

Choice of a person significant

Irvin Yalom

Anxiety, Freedom, Loneliness

How people see world and how they make choices

Make life meaningful/ religious conflict

Cultivation of mindfulness

Yes, therapy is centered around life, death, freedom, and isolation

Gestalt Therapy

Developing awareness of one’s feelings

Erving Polster

Therapy, awareness, deflection

Awareness, present centeredness, and personal responsibilities

Resolve issues of past/ too self-centered

Empty chair, confrontation, and taking responsibilities

No, person is not made up of separate elements

Person-Centered Counseling

A person’s striving for growth

Cal Rogers

Anxiety, depression, disorder, schizophrenia

I am expert of myself.

Trust in therapist/ finding your way may lead to some other behavioral issues

Let the client take a lead in the therapy

Yes, I believe that subconsciously a person is well awareness of his issues and shorcomings

Cognitive-Behavioral

Behavior Therapy

A person is a product of his environment

B.F Skinner

Training, acceptance, depression, anxiety, eating disorders

To develop skills in order to overcome troubles

Fixing bad habits/ does not emphasis on insight

Self-monitoring, role playing

Yes, behavior is key element in psychology

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

People are either rational or irrational and they are responsible for their actions

Albert Ells

Emotional consequences, illogical beliefs, new feelings

Effective strategies with direct teachings

Clear and effective/ not applicable for all clients

Self-analysis, humor, teaching, reasoning

No, people tend to hide their actual emotions and problems

Cognitive Therapy

People are effected by their way of thinking

Aaron Tim Beek

Social phobia, depression, abuse

Improving cognitive skills of a person

Recognize the relation between behavior, thoughts and emotions

Behavioral interventions, cognitive techniques

Yes, it is most effective therapeutic technique

Reality Therapy/Choice Theory

Person’s conscious mind is responsible for his actions

William Glasser

Identity, freedom, power

To make client realize about choices and make them mentally strong

Help client realizing the reality/ ignores other concepts

Success identity, responsible behavior

Partially agree

It does helps client in treating the matter in hand but rejects all other concepts of psychology

Post-Modern

Narrative Therapy

Everyone creates their own reality

Micheal White

Conversation, outcomes, alternate story

Listening to client’s point of view without passing any judgement

People are able to find solution by creating alternative stories/ not enough time to analyze the client

Crating alternative stories

Yes, it can help some individuals, but not all

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

Solution development process does not depend on problem.

Steve De Shazer

Blaming stories, countertransference, scaling questions, eco systemic

Open mindedly listen to client and setting realistic goals

Quickly resolves problems/ no client therapist relationship

Focus on possibilities, to know what client’s want

Yes, this techniques helps in analyzing problems

Family Systems

Family Systems Theory

View family as a emotional unit

Murray Bowen

Emotional process, anxiety, family background

Family is a single unit bound emotionally

Help cope with the family/ limited to family

Strategic therapy, structural therapy, narrative therapy

Yes, it lights upon family relationships and behavior