Title page
Research plan
Abstract
The women of India are dependent on men because of the fact that they cannot have suitable employment due to low literacy rate among women. Due to the dependency of women on man, the cultural existence of the society and the illiteracy among women make them a victim of rape. The objective of this study is to find out the causes of the increasing rate of rape and to tackle the issue of rape by improving women education. The study will also focus on the women empowerment as a tool to minimize the socio-cultural barriers for Indian women. The social significance of this study is that it will help out to bring reform in the social policies and will let the policy maker know that women education is an important tool to minimize the rape culture in India. The practical need of this study is to involve women in decision-making bodies of the government so that they could be able to tackle their needs and be empower enough to protect their rights. The area needs to be studied as there are limited studies available that could highlight the facts that women education is a significant tool used to minimize the rate of rape in India.
Background
The rape statistic in India shows that d the low women literacy rate is the cause of the dominant rape culture in India. The focus of this study is to find out the factors that could reduce the increasing rate of rape in India. It will highlight the socio-cultural factors and the role of women education in minimizing rape culture in India. This topic is the focus of study because millions of women are being raped in India and are not even being reported. 1 per cent of the 2.7 million rape cases in India are being reported. Women are being tortured in the name of culture, religion and society in general so this study will help to move a step forward in minimizing the rape culture in India by focusing on the factors behind this increasing rate of rape (Raj & McDougal, 2014).
Rape is a serious issue for the women of India. The data released by the National Crime Records Bureau shows that 18 women got raped in every hour in India and the number of a reported case of rape has increased by 700 percent and it shows the increase in the rate of rape crime CITATION Ind15 \l 1033 (Sharma, 2015). The rate of rape conviction was 26.4% in 2007 and it was lower than the conviction rate of robbery, murder, and homicides. 2, 72,844 rape cases were reported across India mostly included the 28 states of India. In the 13 year periods, nearly 57 reported rape crime happens in a day (Sharma, Pardasani, & Nandram, 2014).
Keywords
Rape, Eve teasing, Rape preventive strategies
Problem
The objective of the research is to determine the relationship of literacy with rape rates. The research is selected because it will identify the central causes of rape in India and propose strategies for controlling rape rates in India.
Aim of research
Research question
Does literacy rate help in decreasing rape culture and eve teasing in India?
What are the socio-cultural reasons for the increase in rape rates in India?
Why rape culture and eve teasing still prevalent in India and how women empowerment increase their social security?
Why men who are sexually violent should be punished?
What is a woman’s place in India compared to men today?
Research methodology
Quantitative methods
The present study will use quantitative research methodology that relies on statistical and numeric method for data analysis. The primary survey is conducted for the collection of data that leads to the formulation of results. The data is quantified and generalized results are obtained from the sample that represents the interest of the population. Incidence of various views and opinions are used in the chosen sample. Quantitative research stresses on understanding the opinions, reasons, and motivations by providing insights into the problems and develop ideas for the research CITATION Sco14 \l 1033 (South, Trent, & Bose, 2014). The approach relies on observing the facts thus leading to an in-depth understanding of the social phenomena. Direct human experiences are used to making judgments and analysis. This process does not rely on the statistical procedures but uses case studies, biography, historical analysis, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. The areas of focus include language, culture, and society. The common observations used for analysis are subjective as it allows understanding the meaning of the lives. Quantitative research is more appropriate for studying the reasons behind the existence of natural phenomena. It is more convenient to understand the factors of culture and social connections. In qualitative research events are reported with the context of certain people, period and situations also it identifies the purpose of the data CITATION Jam13 \l 1033 (Meikle, 2013).
Quantitative research also emphasizes on the credibility of the data by including researchers information that could affect the interpretations or analysis of the study. Quantitative research is useful for determining the research query as an idealistic approach. It aims at understanding the beliefs, behaviours, and interactions of an individual. Quantitative research was initially used for evaluating human behaviours in psychology and also for viewing data more extensively. A textual analysis of different written records of the work of the author is an effective methodology for studying the behaviour of the person under discussion. This is an influential technique for adding voice to the participants of research. The researches in this type of research depend on social parameters for determining quantitative measures. This provides empowering impacts on the study. A less formal relationship is formed between the researcher and the participant CITATION Vib13 \l 1033 (Pathak, Jena, & Kalra, 2013).
Instrument of research
A questionnaire is designed for investigating the perceptions of the girls about rapes in India. Closed-ended questionnaires are used for assessing the perceptions and knowledge of Indian women about rape. A 22-item IRMA scale is used for examining how Indiana women respond to rapes. A five-point Likert scale is used (always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never) for rating the responses of the participants CITATION Zee17 \l 1033 (Kamdar, Kumar, Kosambiya, Chawada, Verma, & Kadia, 2017).
Survey questionnaire
I. Demographic information
What is your age?
a) Less than 20 years b) 20-29 years c) 30 and above
What is your religion?
a) Hindu b) Muslim c) Christian d) Other
Your level of education?
a) Illiterate b) Primary education c) Secondary education d) College education e) More than a college education
4. What is your marital status?
a) Married b) Unmarried c) Single d) Divorce/ separated e) Other
5. What is your household income per month?
a) INR 2000 b) INR 2001- 4000 c) INR 4001- 6000 d) INR 6001- 8000 e) INR 8001- 10,000 f) Above INR 10,000
II. Knowledge of females about rape
What is rape according to you?
Use of coercion, force or lethal weapon for sex
Sexual activity that lacks consent from either party
Sexual activity when both partners are intoxicated or indecent
How problematic is rape in India?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
How likely you think you will experience rape?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
Are you aware of the services provided by the police?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
How knowledgeable you about where to get help when you witness someone being raped?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
How knowledgeable you are about where to report in case of rape?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
Do you think rapists must be punished?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
III. The attitude of women towards rape
It is possible to rape women against her will?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
14. A woman is responsible for preventing her rape?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
15. It is difficult for a woman to prove that she is a victim of rape?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
16. Rape occurs because the male is capable of exercising power over a woman?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
17. Women should do everything to resist rape?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
18. Males, who rape a female child must be punished to death?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
19. Rape is committed for sex?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
20. Raped women should feel guilty?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
21. A woman cannot be raped by someone with whom she experienced sex?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
22. Strangers are more likely to commit rapes?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
23. A husband cannot rape a woman?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
24. Violence and physical injury occur in rape?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
25. Does rape occur when women go to unsafe places alone?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
26. Rapists are mentally disturbed so they are not responsible for rapes?
a) Always b) Usually c) Sometimes d) Seldom d) Never
Ethical concerns
Informed consent
An important part of conducting primary survey involves taking consent from the participants of the survey. They are informed that the obtained information will be used for research purpose only. Also, their information will not be shared with anyone. The respondents are also informed about the purpose of research and allowed to make an independent choice.
Privacy
Moreover, the researcher explained to all the participants that all their answers are confidential and agreement paper has been signed between both parties. The privacy of the organizations, the individual and the victim will be taken great care of and the information will not be shared with anyone.
Research ethics
In terms of literature included in the paper, all references are cited properly to give due credit on the work presented. Name of author and date of publication have been mentioned. Regarding the research ethics, the researcher assured not to mention the names of the participants and the same has been declared to than prior to starting the interview CITATION Bon09 \l 1033 (Babu & Kar, 2009).
In Data Collection Reliability and validity in data collection helps in ensuring the authenticity of the paper and its application in the real world. In this study, the reliability of secondary data will be ensured through their date of publication, analytical data, and references used.
Data analysis
A statistical software SPSS will be used for computing results of the survey. Different statistical tests like independent T-Test and ANOVA will be performed. Independent t-test will allow comparing means between unrelated groups and identifying the statistically significant difference between them. ANOVA will be computed for analyzing the difference of means in the group of the sample. Descriptive statistics will provide measures of central tendency by giving values of mean, median, standard deviation and variance.
Project management
The duration for completing the survey will be of 25 minutes. The research project involves different phases such as the approval of the research instrument, permission for conducting research and survey conduction. It requires to take into consideration different issues and cover all aspects of research CITATION Rog00 \l 1033 (Eston & Rowlands, 2000).
Cost management
The cost of research is dependent on the allocation of resources and time. The main cost will be incurred in the process of creating a questionnaire survey as it requires materials. Visiting the targeted area for the survey will involve travelling cost. The total cost estimated for the survey is $500.
Risk management
Every research project involves some risks and they can occur at any stage of the project. Risks are common during the phase of resource allocation, conducting survey or computation of results.
Risk description
Likelihood
Mitigation
Consequences
Previous research
Very unlikely
Considering alternative research problems.
Low
Inadequate data for research
Unlikely
Changing the questions of research
Low
Budget constraint
Likely
Completing the project within time
High
Participants resistance to survey
Likely
Convincing them by assuring privacy and confidentiality
High
Language barrier
Likely
Simplifying for the illiterate or less educated
High
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