Organizations, Laws And Norms Concerned With Atomic Energy

Organizations, laws and norms concerned with Atomic Energy

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Names of the GO and NGO organizations:

International Atomic Energy Agency

It is one of the leading international organizations that is working and dealing with atomic energy. This organization was established on 29 July 1957. Though it is working as an autonomous organization, still it has to report to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council.

The general mission of this organization is the promotion of peaceful use of atomic energy that if used without guidance may destroy this world. This organization is guided about its mission by the members of states, strategic plans, and vision that are being embedded in the statute of IAEA (Heller,et,al,2018). The mission of this organization also includes inhibiting the use of atomic energy to military purposes only.

The role that this organization performs is that it promotes and encourages research and practices that are related atomic energy, for peaceful use.

There are many activities that this organization performs though it is mainly concerned with the promotion of peaceful use of the atomic energy. Activities that are performed by IEAE are nuclear fuel cycling, management of the waste radioactive, services in the field of human health, food and agriculture, protection against radiation, checking over the safety of the nuclear installations.

There was an emergency exercise that took place for almost 36 hours in June for testing the global emergency response for a nuclear accident that happened at a nuclear power plant. This was the most significant exercise held by IAEA ever in which there were 83 member states and 10 other international organizations etc.

European Union and the EURATOM supply agency

It is the decentralized body of the European Union that involves 28 members; it is all about the union of political and economic affairs of 28 member states. European Union was established in 1948.

The mission of the EU and EURATOM was to promote stability between the states members. It also aims to promote economic cooperation among its members.

This organization plays a vital role in maintaining peace in the world as it prevents clash among its members (Ciccarello,et,al,2018). It is playing a positive role in bringing members close to each other so that the clash may give rise to solutions that may be resolved issue at initial stage.

The activities that this organization is performing involves a regular and equal distribution of fuel that any EU member needs but this organization also needs an assurance that fuel is not going to be used for any destructive purpose.

There is a long list of achievements of European Union, but one of the great successes that it achieved is, it gave freedom to almost 500 million people to live, study and work anywhere as it promoted freedom of movement.

World nuclear association

It is an international organization that supports only those companies that compris global industry of nuclear power. It was formed in 2001 by Uranium institute that was founded in 1975.

Its mission is to provide information to the key international influencers for promoting a wider and better understanding of atomic energy.

It plays a significant role in promoting peace by developing a common position among the member so that the members could contribute towards the debate of atomic energy.

Activities that WNA performs are, it facilitates the interaction of members on technical, policy and commercial matters that helps in understanding the nuclear technology (Suman,et,al,2018).

There is a long list of successes that are achieved by World Nuclear Association but its most important success is that this association is going to start delivering 15 GW of nuclear capacity that would provide electricity, three times more than what has been seen over the past 25 years.

Friends of the earth international

It is an organizational network that joins 74 countries together, and it was founded in 1969 in San Francisco.

The mission of this organization is to ensure a collective environmental and social system of justice, humanity and equal respect to all the people of the world for supporting societies.

This fact cannot be denied that today almost all the countries are making themselves strong by acquiring more and more atomic energy, so this organization is playing a vital role for maintaining peace in the world by promoting values and respect for all societies.

It is acting as an outspoken leader and is performing the activities that would change the perception of public and media (Doherty,et,al,2018). Main activities involve challenges to the economic and globalization and also provide a solution for these challenges as well.

This organization also have a long list of achievements but one of the most important success is that before forty years there was no protection of the environment, but today protection of the environment has become an important part of every society that is because of this organization.

Environmentalists for nuclear

This organization views that opposition to atomic energy is the greatest mistake of this century. This organization was founded in 1996 by Bruno Comby.

It is an organization that aims at providing the general public, straight and complete information on energy and the environment (Lee,et,al,2018).

With regards to the selected topic, this organization plays an important role by making sure peaceful application of clean atomic energy, so it plays a vital role in educating people on how to deal with atomic energy.

Main activities that this organization carries out are, promotion of the notion that there should be these of atomic energy as they facilitate in various walks of life. All the applications of atomic energy should be clean so that the environment could be protected.

Major success of this organization is that in today’s world there are policies for the protection of environment just because of this organization and this is a marvelous success that any organization achieved in last forty years.

Greenpeace International

It is a non-governmental organization operating in 39 countries and was founded in 1971 by Irving and Dorothy.

The mission of this organization is to change the attitude of people towards the environment for protecting it and promoting peace by catalyzing energy revolution. It also aims to expose global environmental problems.

There is a strong relationship between the laws; norms and role of this organization as it promotes a value system among people so that atomic energy could be used in best possible ways.

Activities that this organization performs include campaigning for climate change, deforestation, overfishing, genetic engineering, and anti-nuclear issues.

Numerous success stories are linked with this organization but the most prominent success is, it has educated the general public and provided them education about environmental issues and made them responsible citizens.

Norms and laws of these organizations:

International Atomic Energy Agency

Convention on nuclear safety treaty

It was created on 17 June 1994

It was ratified on 24 October 1996

It was ratified by 65 states.

The scope of this legal treaty is that it is applied to civilian atomic energy plants only.

It provides guidance and limitations for the use of atomic energy

This treaty is important for the safe use of atomic energy that keeps many countries aware of any misuse of atomic energy.

European Union and the EURATOM supply agency

Treaty of Rome

It was created on 25 March 1957.

It was ratified on 1 January 1958.

It was ratified by six countries.

Purpose of this treaty was developing of peaceful application of the atomic energy.

It provides a strong background and support to the topic as atomic energy needs to be handled peacefully.

Significance of this treaty could be seen by looking at the fact that this treaty formed the constitutional basis of the European Union.

World nuclear association

Safety of nuclear power reactor treaty

It was created in 1942.

It was ratified in 1950.

It was ratified by 33 countries.

It serves the purpose of providing safety measures against accidents at atomic power plants.

A provision that is relevant to this treaty is that it ensures training to avoid accidents at power plants.

Its significance could be seen in the fact that it is trying to save lives by providing them awareness.

Friends of the earth international

UN treaty on Transitional Corporations

It was created in 2014

The year it was proposed the same year it ratified and came into force.

It was ratified by 20 countries.

The scope of this treaty could be seen as it promotes norms to stop abuse at international level.

This treaty provides an insight to the given topic as it talks about the norms that many countries have to follow.

Significance of this treaty is that it urges states to talk more about rights and promote norms that protect the rights of people.

Environmentalists for nuclear

Non-Proliferation Treaty

It was created on 1 July 1968

It was ratified on 5 March 1970

This treaty has been ratified by 189 countries

The general purpose of this treaty is to prevent any wrong spread and use of atomic energy.

It checks all states from un-necessary promotion of atomic energy.

Its significance could be seen by taking a look at the huge numbers of countries who signed it. Only a few countries did not sign it (Kallenborn,et,al,2018).

Greenpeace International

UN Ocean treaty

It was created in 1982

This treaty was ratified in 1994

It was ratified by 167 countries.

The scope of this treaty is that for the first time governments come together to restore the health of our oceans.

It bounds many countries to follow the norms for the common good.

Significance of this treaty is that it has specified norms that bound many countries for saving oceans.

References:

Ciccarello, S., & Lechner, S. (2018). Euratom Safeguards System. In International Cooperation for Enhancing Nuclear Safety, Security, Safeguards and Non-proliferation–60 Years of IAEA and EURATOM: Proceedings of the XX Edoardo Amaldi Conference, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Italy, October 9-10, 2017 (pp. 63-68). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Doherty, B., & Doyle, T. (2018). Friends of the Earth International: agonistic politics, modus vivendi, and political change. Environmental Politics, 27(6), 1057-1078.

Heller, T., Bélard, S., Weber, S. F., & Joekes, E. (2018). Response to the review article “Imaging in extrapulmonary tuberculosis” from the International Atomic Energy Agency Extra-pulmonary TB Consortium; March 2017, volume 56, pages 237–247. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 66, 143.

Kallenborn, Z., & Bleek, P. C. (2018). Avatars of the Earth: Radical Environmentalism and Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Weapons. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1-31.

Lee, J. W. (2018). Environmental Best Practices, It Begins with Us: Business, Local Governments, and International Community Should Work Together. International Journal of Environment and Sustainability, 7(2).

Suman, S. (2018). Hybrid nuclear-renewable energy systems: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 181, 166-17.