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There are several similarities and differences between federal and government organizational levels (both state and local levels). The most important similarity between these organizations is that they all have three branches. The legislative branch makes laws while the executive branch carries the law and the branch of judiciary interprets the law. Also, there is power separation and a system of check and balance. The law enforcement for these career types might have various similarities or can be quiet different based on local, state or federal agencies. The differences between federal and local state levels consist of pay structure, jurisdiction, benefits, travel needs, opportunities for career advancement and responsibilities of jobs. The similarity consists of the authority to arrest without giving warrants in a few crimes. Everyone is trained in similar skills in law enforcement. Each organizational level has a similar military structure. All of these departments take every kind of challenge for law enforcement. In 2011 Scheb&Scheb said, “There are different roles played by legislatures, courts, and federal enforcement agencies at the federal, state, and local levels of government”. The office of law enforcement at local level represents townships, villages, and cities which are considered mainly as the beginning front for law enforcement for the traffic laws and criminal law. Others include officers of municipal police and the chiefs who enforce law and protect citizen, however, they are limited to their already assigned jurisdiction. The law enforcement at local level may provide prevention from crimes, programs for community policing as well as various other programs which assist them in their jurisdiction protection. One of the most important roles for law enforcement at the state level is to enforce and patrol the law in rural areas and state highways.
The organizational management functions related to law enforcement on three government levels including federal, state and local, have various similarities and differences in their daily operations. Everyone is responsible for particular functions and duties. All of these organizational levels have a formidable task to protect their country at the local and foreign level. Either elected through their particular offices or appointed through their municipality mayor, the management at the local level considers the duty of the Police Chief. With the officers under their agencies, every chief handles his support personnel staff that might consist of detectives, dispatchers, administrative personnel and correctional personnel. Their support entities have the responsibility to handle community services, community relations, internal affairs and record maintenance which are considered as few support entities which might be found at a local level. In case the municipality is large enough that they could support the budgetary requirements, the agency might also employ the forensic and laboratory specialists, who are investigators of Crime Scene. The local and state agencies can be differentiated concerning their available resources, their resources for jurisdiction and budgetary. Generally, the large municipalities have the means of budgetary which provide support staff requirements at small level. For conducting the activities of law enforcement and investigations in their departments, towns, smaller cities, and villages do not provide such kind of services and can utilize the one provided by the agencies of the state ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"njudqvRO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Koontz, 1997)","plainCitation":"(Koontz, 1997)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":151,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/DNBA2GLG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/DNBA2GLG"],"itemData":{"id":151,"type":"article-journal","title":"Differences between State and Federal Public Forest Management: The Importance of Rules","container-title":"Publius","page":"15-37","volume":"27","issue":"1","source":"JSTOR","archive":"JSTOR","abstract":"In United States federalism, public policy responsibilities belong to multiple jurisdictions. This article compares state with federal public forest management. Data come from four cases, each comprising two forests sharing similar physical characteristics but under the authority of different governments. Systematic comparisons suggest that officials in the national forest agency face greater statutory, regulatory, and planning constraints than do state agency officials. These constraints require more public input and higher levels of environmental protection. Outcomes reflect these differences: federal officials provide less timber, at lower net profit, than do state officials, and they transfer less revenue to local governments. Concurrently, federal officials make greater environmental protection efforts.","DOI":"10.2307/3330783","ISSN":"0048-5950","title-short":"Differences between State and Federal Public Forest Management","author":[{"family":"Koontz","given":"Tomas M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Koontz, 1997).
In this section, I compare, contrast and identify the organization policies function on various levels which are local, federal and state levels. It also analyzes management, operational and administrative functions on all levels with similarities and differences. The leadership responsibilities and characteristics based on every organization level can be identified. Several colleges and university campuses opted by government agency officials have right to select their choice of private security. The firms of private security consist of security personnel of private agencies that are employed privately in the form of full-time and part-time employees ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HJIjsBA3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Perry & Keller, 1991)","plainCitation":"(Perry & Keller, 1991)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":149,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/DHT7VRLT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/DHT7VRLT"],"itemData":{"id":149,"type":"chapter","title":"Public Administration at the Local Level: Definition, Theory, and Context","container-title":"Managing Local Government: Public Administration in Practice","publisher":"SAGE Publications, Inc.","publisher-place":"Thousand Oaks","page":"3-30","source":"SAGE Knowledge","event-place":"Thousand Oaks","URL":"http://sk.sagepub.com/books/managing-local-government/n1.xml","note":"DOI: 10.4135/9781483325644","title-short":"Public Administration at the Local Level","author":[{"family":"Perry","given":"David C."},{"family":"Keller","given":"Lawrence F."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1991"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Perry & Keller, 1991). These officers’ responsibilities and roles are providing and patrolling the protection on private and public office complexes, housing complexes, officers of gaming, malls as well as investigators, services for armored patrol and specialist loss prevention. This is different from the agencies of police which is a private security agency that focuses more on crime rather than dealing with customer satisfaction, personal assets and property. The organization of private police could ban people by terminating employees and through pursuing the prosecution in the criminal court. Speed cameras are designed to catch people for over-speeding and also for running red lights. The agencies of law enforcement at the state level have three categories: the agencies of state investigative, state police and highway patrols. The state police possess the statewide police power and they have the right to perform traffic regulations and criminal investigations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VljDuK33","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Organizational Management and Operations\\uc0\\u8212{}1213 Words | Bartleby,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Organizational Management and Operations—1213 Words | Bartleby,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":143,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/9SQWT2TU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/9SQWT2TU"],"itemData":{"id":143,"type":"webpage","title":"Organizational Management and Operations - 1213 Words | Bartleby","URL":"https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Organizational-Management-and-Operations-FKG6GVACP6SX","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Organizational Management and Operations—1213 Words | Bartleby,” n.d.).
The federal laws are based on bankruptcy law, immigration law and criminal law as well as the copyrights and patent law. The state law handles family matters such as divorce, criminal matters, property matters, business contracts and personal injuries. The local laws are based on zoning, local safety, and rent law ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"bXbMBONL","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}The Differences between Federal, State, and Local Laws | LawHelp.org | Find free legal help and information about your legal rights from nonprofit legal aid providers in your state,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“The Differences between Federal, State, and Local Laws | LawHelp.org | Find free legal help and information about your legal rights from nonprofit legal aid providers in your state,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":145,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/S54ZNMWE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/S54ZNMWE"],"itemData":{"id":145,"type":"webpage","title":"The Differences between Federal, State, and Local Laws | LawHelp.org | Find free legal help and information about your legal rights from nonprofit legal aid providers in your state","URL":"https://www.lawhelp.org/resource/the-differences-between-federal-state-and-loc","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“The Differences between Federal, State, and Local Laws | LawHelp.org | Find free legal help and information about your legal rights from nonprofit legal aid providers in your state,” n.d.). The federal government is formed through the judiciary which is based on federal courts and supreme courts. The main objective of the federal government is to establish peace and stability in the society. The executive is based on the executive departments, senate, presidency, and cabinet. The legislature is developed through the House of Representatives and the senate. The state government is based on the model of the federal government which makes the system of check and balance. The local government is formed on the basis of state constitution requirements ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"cUdfgRJn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Intergovernmental Relationships,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Intergovernmental Relationships,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":147,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/LHW2TNTG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/LHW2TNTG"],"itemData":{"id":147,"type":"webpage","title":"Intergovernmental Relationships: How The Three Levels of Government Work Together","container-title":"Norwich University Online","abstract":"ntergovernmental Relationships: How The Three Levels of Government Work Together","URL":"https://online.norwich.edu/academic-programs/masters/public-administration/resources/infographics/intergovernmental-relationships-how-the-three-levels-of-government-work-together","title-short":"Intergovernmental Relationships","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Intergovernmental Relationships,” n.d.).
Intergovernmental Relationships: How The Three Levels of Government Work Together. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2019, from Norwich University Online website: https://online.norwich.edu/academic-programs/masters/public-administration/resources/infographics/intergovernmental-relationships-how-the-three-levels-of-government-work-together
Koontz, T. M. (1997). Differences between State and Federal Public Forest Management: The Importance of Rules. Publius, 27(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/3330783
Organizational Management and Operations—1213 Words | Bartleby. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2019, from https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Organizational-Management-and-Operations-FKG6GVACP6SX
Perry, D. C., & Keller, L. F. (1991). Public Administration at the Local Level: Definition, Theory, and Context. In Managing Local Government: Public Administration in Practice (pp. 3–30). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483325644
The Differences between Federal, State, and Local Laws | LawHelp.org | Find free legal help and information about your legal rights from nonprofit legal aid providers in your state. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2019, from https://www.lawhelp.org/resource/the-differences-between-federal-state-and-loc
