Hydro And Bio Fuels

Hydro and Biofuels

Name

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Hydro and Biofuels

Various technological advances have been made in previous decades. Sugarcane has become the most popular and profitable fuel. The opportunity of green resource has been significantly utilized by Brazil and has become a global powerhouse for biofuel. Effective planning, policies, taxation, and cost-effective fuel generation has been essentially adopted by Brazil particularly in transportation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1ec6ndlkrq","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}BBC Two - Jimmy\\uc0\\u8217{}s Global Harvest - Episode guide,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“BBC Two - Jimmy’s Global Harvest - Episode guide,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":691,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/26LM7DF2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/26LM7DF2"],"itemData":{"id":691,"type":"webpage","title":"BBC Two - Jimmy's Global Harvest - Episode guide","container-title":"BBC","abstract":"All episodes of Jimmy's Global Harvest","URL":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00pyr6s/episodes/guide","language":"en-GB"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“BBC Two - Jimmy’s Global Harvest - Episode guide,” n.d.). Brazil has better emission indicators as compared to the United States, therefore, it is one step ahead in utilizing biofuels in transportation, however, the United States of America has standards that ensure the country is using ethanol ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a17o6iscltl","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gallas, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Gallas, 2015)"},"citationItems":[{"id":693,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/K66BKULE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/K66BKULE"],"itemData":{"id":693,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"Brazil's biofuels hit new sweetspot","container-title":"BBC News","section":"Business","source":"www.bbc.com","abstract":"Could Brazil's biofuel industry has had to compete with subsidised petrol, but could it now see its day int he sun?","URL":"https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33114119","language":"en-GB","author":[{"family":"Gallas","given":"Daniel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",6,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gallas, 2015). Because of these standards and policies, the United States would remain ranked number one in renewable energy sources. The use of ethanol as a renewable energy source in transportation also depends on the seasons and geography of the country ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2glk5q72gm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (Ara\\uc0\\u250{}jo, Mahajan, Kerr, & Silva, 2017)}","plainCitation":"(Araújo, Mahajan, Kerr, & Silva, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":697,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YXAHTEGK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YXAHTEGK"],"itemData":{"id":697,"type":"article-journal","title":"Global biofuels at the crossroads: an overview of technical, policy, and investment complexities in the sustainability of biofuel development","container-title":"Agriculture","page":"32","volume":"7","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Araújo","given":"Kathleen"},{"family":"Mahajan","given":"Devinder"},{"family":"Kerr","given":"Ryan"},{"family":"Silva","given":"Marcelo","dropping-particle":"da"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Araújo, Mahajan, Kerr, & Silva, 2017). Other factors are strategic planning, particularly, political commitment is required in various states in controlling the emission of carbon dioxide in the country and consumption of renewable recourses on a wider scale.

Harvesting and production of sugarcane on a large scale has made Brazil the advanced green powerhouse. Brazil has gone through the biofuel crisis in recent years, however, strategic planning has saved the country from biofuel scarcity. Much of the economic programs have been replaced by sugarcane-based ethanol production ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a28rckf807l","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (Ara\\uc0\\u250{}jo et al., 2017)}","plainCitation":"(Araújo et al., 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":697,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YXAHTEGK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YXAHTEGK"],"itemData":{"id":697,"type":"article-journal","title":"Global biofuels at the crossroads: an overview of technical, policy, and investment complexities in the sustainability of biofuel development","container-title":"Agriculture","page":"32","volume":"7","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Araújo","given":"Kathleen"},{"family":"Mahajan","given":"Devinder"},{"family":"Kerr","given":"Ryan"},{"family":"Silva","given":"Marcelo","dropping-particle":"da"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Araújo et al., 2017). Brazil has introduced various biofuel friendly cars that can utilize both petrol and ethanol. Ethanol prices are not competitive to the petrol prices as it varies because of seasonal and bad harvesting approaches ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2h2q0gfejf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (Ara\\uc0\\u250{}jo et al., 2017)}","plainCitation":"(Araújo et al., 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":697,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YXAHTEGK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/YXAHTEGK"],"itemData":{"id":697,"type":"article-journal","title":"Global biofuels at the crossroads: an overview of technical, policy, and investment complexities in the sustainability of biofuel development","container-title":"Agriculture","page":"32","volume":"7","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Araújo","given":"Kathleen"},{"family":"Mahajan","given":"Devinder"},{"family":"Kerr","given":"Ryan"},{"family":"Silva","given":"Marcelo","dropping-particle":"da"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Araújo et al., 2017). The government of the United States has announced various policies to handle inflation, short-term issues and economic dogmas of the country to improve the biofuel issue ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a17e19r9or6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Helmar, Johnson, Myers, Whistance, & Baumes, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Helmar, Johnson, Myers, Whistance, & Baumes, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":696,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/9UIPMWHC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/9UIPMWHC"],"itemData":{"id":696,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Economic Impacts of US Tariffs for Fuel Ethanol and Biodiesel","container-title":"AgBioForum","page":"25-34","volume":"21","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Helmar","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Johnson","given":"Stanley R."},{"family":"Myers","given":"Robert J."},{"family":"Whistance","given":"Jarrett"},{"family":"Baumes","given":"Harry"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Helmar, Johnson, Myers, Whistance, & Baumes, 2018). According to FAO (2010), Brazil is becoming the largest powerhouse in producing renewable energy sources, for example, hydroelectric power and sugarcane-based ethanol.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Araújo, K., Mahajan, D., Kerr, R., & Silva, M. da. (2017). Global biofuels at the crossroads: an overview of technical, policy, and investment complexities in the sustainability of biofuel development. Agriculture, 7(4), 32.

BBC Two - Jimmy’s Global Harvest - Episode guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from BBC website: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00pyr6s/episodes/guide

Gallas, D. (2015, June 23). Brazil’s biofuels hit new sweet spot. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33114119

Helmar, M., Johnson, S. R., Myers, R. J., Whistance, J., & Baumes, H. (2018). The Economic Impacts of US Tariffs for Fuel Ethanol and Biodiesel. AgBioForum, 21(1), 25–34.