Final Paper

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Organizational Budget Plan

Prentice Chism

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Literature Review

The public organizations including the law enforcement organizations, correctional organizations and the other public bodies have to make decisions every day. The decision could involve adopting a new plan, granting review of a license application or approving the budget. These organizations have to act within their statutory powers while making any decisions. In making the budgetary decisions state and local government budget for the corrections facilities are considered. State and local government allocate a certain portion of their spending on these correctional facilities and organizations. These spendings differ across different states and are in accordance with the missions and goals of an organization.

The decision making in any public organization is directed towards the achievement of organizational goals, and its management can be referred to as strategic management. It involves continuous planning, monitoring, and assessment of what is important for an organization to achieve its goals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa22vr1r05dt,propertiesformattedCitation(Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014),plainCitation(Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014),citationItemsid1001,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/8BEDBMKT,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/8BEDBMKT,itemDataid1001,typebook,titleStrategic management theory an integrated approach,publisherCengage Learning,ISBN1-285-18449-1,authorfamilyHill,givenCharles WL,familyJones,givenGareth R.,familySchilling,givenMelissa A.,issueddate-parts2014,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). To achieve the goals while maintaining a certain level of excellence in the services of an organization is a management concept known as quality management. The quality management process allows an organization to set quality standards and ensures that deliverable meets those standards and contributes toward the success of the organization ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa4uo750vqb,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (Bergman Klefsjuc0u246, 2010),plainCitation(Bergman Klefsj, 2010),citationItemsid1002,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/LTELVSCA,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/LTELVSCA,itemDataid1002,typebook,titleQuality from customer needs to customer satisfaction,publisherStudentlitteratur AB,authorfamilyBergman,givenBo,familyKlefsj,givenBengt,issueddate-parts2010,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Bergman Klefsj, 2010). This management philosophy employs different tools and methodologies aimed at the continuous improvement in all the areas of an organization, not just the products or services delivered by it.

The operations management department of an organization aims at handling various strategic issues and administer the practices to ensure a high level of efficiency in its products and services. Operations management in service organizations is responsible for taking the decisions concerning the people, processes and information and the system that delivers the service. Operational decisions include the decisions related to the processes concerned with the people and processes that deliver the services, quality management decisions, capacity, and scheduling decisions and inventory management of the facilitating goods. Operations management also involves the project management methods to handle the strategic issues. The project management is the use of organizational resources to initiate, plan, control and complete an organizational task to meet the specific goals and maintain success at the same time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa237p54jssb,propertiesformattedCitation(Kerzner Kerzner, 2017),plainCitation(Kerzner Kerzner, 2017),citationItemsid1005,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/W3SDQQ4L,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/W3SDQQ4L,itemDataid1005,typebook,titleProject management a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling,publisherJohn Wiley Sons,ISBN1-119-16535-0,authorfamilyKerzner,givenHarold,familyKerzner,givenHarold R.,issueddate-parts2017,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017).

Decision making is a crucial process, especially in the criminal justice systems. The decision making can either be qualitative or quantitative. The first one is a subjective method and is not based on the numerical data or the statistical analysis of data. The later one uses the statistical analysis of data as the foundation of the decision and involves in-depth analysis. Both the methods are equally important in criminal justice. The qualitative method is highly appreciated along with the quantitative methodology because it is the superior method of research when it comes to social sciences and it provides a deeper understanding of crime and criminal justice system ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDacagdheu87,propertiesformattedCitation(Richard, 2013),plainCitation(Richard, 2013),citationItemsid1007,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/5IDRMUYF,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/5IDRMUYF,itemDataid1007,typearticle-journal,titleQualitative versus quantitative methods Understanding why qualitative methods are superior for criminology and criminal justice,authorfamilyRichard,givenTewksbury,issueddate-parts2013,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Richard, 2013). Moreover, the data obtained from the qualitative research is analyzed statistically to give meaning to it.

Henri Fayol is known to be one of the gurus of management. He was a French mining engineer and developed a general theory of business administration often known as Fayolism. He along with his colleagues developed the theory if scientific management. Fayols theory of management is simply the model of how the management interacts with personnel. His management theory consists of 14 principles of management and concludes that the management can interact with personnel in five different ways. His famous 14 principles of management go hand in hand with the functions of management such as forecasting, planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and controlling ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa12ga91k5hr,propertiesformattedCitation(Fayol, 2016),plainCitation(Fayol, 2016),citationItemsid1009,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/4B2LAMXH,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/4B2LAMXH,itemDataid1009,typebook,titleGeneral and industrial management,publisherRavenio Books,authorfamilyFayol,givenHenri,issueddate-parts2016,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Fayol, 2016). According to him, management must ensure proper planning and then organized according to its resources. Leading by example is a good way to guide the personnel and cooperation should be the style of doing work in an organization. Controlling is the final management activity which evaluates and ensures that things are going well.

Crafting an agencys budget is both an art and a science. An agencys budgeting considerations require the invention, development, and refinement of the of management techniques to manage the budgetary needs of an agency. The emphasis of using management techniques for budgeting is to enhance efficiency and administer the performance. The budget making requires planning for the consideration of the needs of the organization. The organization required allocation of budget in the needs and functions of the concerned agency. The results from planning are translated into resource estimates. The commanding and leading require the implementation of leadership skills to communicate with the employees of the organization about the budgetary requirements and its use. Coordinating is essential to effective use of budget allocation to each activity and then controlling is important to keep a check and evaluate of the activities are according to the budget fixed or if they are exceeding or going under budget. Controlling measures the actual budget against the standard allocated and helps taking corrective action if its not on track.

Government influences on employing the planning and management techniques to reduce the budgets and funding need of these agencies. Every year billions of dollars are spent on incarnation and correction facilities for the sake of public safety. Efficient use of management techniques and planning and leadership skills can help in the reduction of budgets allocated to the department of corrections. The cost in these corrections is divided on a number of areas and functions. Efficient planning, management, leadership, and control can reduce the cost of different functions. For instance, the quality of education and rehabilitation can increase the effectiveness of parole, and the population in prisons and corrections can be reduced contributing to the cost reduction of the agency. In this manner, the main strategic goal of public safety can be achieved. The implication of managerial skills to use planning, management and control are essential for this purpose.

Any organization whether public or private needs budget to manage its resources effectively and to achieve the goals efficiently. When it comes to public organizations or to be specific the agencies such as correction or law and enforcement, the goal is to increase the public welfare and safety. The budget serves as an important tool to discipline public organizations. The budget preparation is management is a critical step for every agency or public organization as it impacts the public finance of a state or a nation.

The budget establishes that which activities will be performed and how resources will be allocated to each activity depending on the goals and objectives of the organization. It also helps in checking the flow of revenues and expenses and if the expectation is met or not. While preparing the important budget considerations must be made according to the strategic objectives of the agency, available funding and the nature of the organization. The strategic plan of the agency is the main foundation of the budget. Secondly, tradeoffs and prioritization must be made to ensure that the organizational goals are the priority in budget creation and management and it aims at increasing the operational efficiency and public safety.

The major dimensions that can be considered for the budget formulation include setting up a fiscal target and the expenditures compatible with those targets. In addition, formulating the expenditure policies and allocating the financial resources on the basic policies and targets. Furthermore, budget preparation helps in the operational efficiency and performance improvement. Effective budget preparation and management ensures the strategic allocation of resources and provides a mechanism for expenditures. In case of California Department of Corrections, the budget is divided on a number of areas such as administration of rehabilitation and correction, legal services, health care services, rehabilitation operation, adult supervision, administration and education, dental, psychiatric medical services, etc. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa2glo10v08q,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220CDCR Budget,uc0u8221 n.d.-a),plainCitation(CDCR Budget, n.d.-a),citationItemsid1010,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/K6MJE62P,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/K6MJE62P,itemDataid1010,typewebpage,titleCDCR Budget,URLhttps//www.cdcr.ca.gov/Budget/index.html,accesseddate-parts2019,1,19,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (CDCR Budget, n.d.-a). The budget is managed with the assistance of Deputy Director-Financial Services Division and Accounting staff and Directorate and other external agencies. The budget allocated to each program is administered by the staff through subsequent revisions throughout the fiscal year. The budget management branch performs a number of functions throughout the fiscal year to make the budget work effectively.

Budgetary line items

Correctional organizations have to divide their budgets and finances on a number of activities and functions such as education, rehabilitation, mental health, dental care, and the legal and other services to the prisoners. The budget requires preparation, approval, execution, control, and amendments throughout the fiscal year. The strategic management helps an organization achieve its goals and gives direction to the organization ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDcTWbM7PW,propertiesformattedCitation(Hill et al., 2014),plainCitation(Hill et al., 2014),citationItemsid1001,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/8BEDBMKT,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/8BEDBMKT,itemDataid1001,typebook,titleStrategic management theory an integrated approach,publisherCengage Learning,ISBN1-285-18449-1,authorfamilyHill,givenCharles WL,familyJones,givenGareth R.,familySchilling,givenMelissa A.,issueddate-parts2014,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Hill et al., 2014). The mission of the department of corrections is to ensure public safety and secure imprisonment of criminals, active parole and rehabilitation strategies to help offenders become part of the community again. Strategic management ensures that the mission of an organization is accomplished by the use of different strategies. It is focused on making strategies that assure the efficiency of incarnation. A strategic plan is a vital tool for any correction facility because it will assist formulating strategies, progress evaluation, and making adjustments when required to keep the correctional purpose in the right direction.

The quality management is essential to keep the services provided in incarnation up to the mark so that it fulfills the purpose. Non-conformance to quality standards results in huge quality costs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa23mm92ji0v,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (Bergman Klefsjuc0u246, 2010),plainCitation(Bergman Klefsj, 2010),citationItemsid1002,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/LTELVSCA,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/LTELVSCA,itemDataid1002,typebook,titleQuality from customer needs to customer satisfaction,publisherStudentlitteratur AB,authorfamilyBergman,givenBo,familyKlefsj,givenBengt,issueddate-parts2010,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Bergman Klefsj, 2010), for instance, effective rehabilitation service will influence the parole in a positive manner and likelihood of re-offense will be reduced. The cost of poor quality services will increase the cost of prison as the offenders will keep coming back, and the correction facilitys overall cost will rise in monetary terms and non-monitory terms. Failure of medical and emotional support can reduce the chance of effective parole, and public safety can be at great risk. Operation management is responsible for taking decisions concerning people, processes and system which delivers service. Operational decisions in the correctional organizations help maintain the quality of services and solve any strategic issues in delivering the quality services in these facilities. The integration of strategic management, quality management and operations management help a correctional facility achieve its goals and objectives and guarantees public safety.

Increase in prison population is resulting in many challenges for management and one of them us budget management ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDacq67rslie,propertiesformattedCitation(Petersilia, 2008),plainCitation(Petersilia, 2008),citationItemsid1012,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/PNYQ3K5C,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/PNYQ3K5C,itemDataid1012,typearticle-journal,titleCalifornias correctional paradox of excess and deprivation,container-titleCrime and justice,page207-278,volume37,issue1,authorfamilyPetersilia,givenJoan,issueddate-parts2008,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Petersilia, 2008). The department of correction and rehabilitation bears a lot of cost in terms of employees salaries and other physical and mental health of the prisons. To reduce cost, it is recommended to reduce the prison population to cut the cost of their services directly. Another suggestion to cut cost is to increase in parole system to reduce the prison populations and hence reduce the cost associated with that. Providing treatments to offenders in prisons is less effective than providing the treatment in community-based programs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDajacg17n9p,propertiesformattedCitation(Institute, 2009),plainCitation(Institute, 2009),citationItemsid1013,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/GXZ4Z5RU,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/GXZ4Z5RU,itemDataid1013,typearticle-journal,titlePruning Prisons How Cutting Corrections Can Save Money and Protect Public Safety,authorfamilyInstitute,givenJustice Policy,issueddate-parts2009,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Institute, 2009). In addition, imprisonment of people with mental illness is more expensive as compared to those who are mentally fit. Providing effective facilities to people with poor mental health is expensive, and prisons fail to provide quality treatment to these criminals. Improving parole services and reducing incarnation population is the direct and effective way to reduce the cost of correctional facilities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDap4gqersti,propertiesformattedCitation(Institute, 2009),plainCitation(Institute, 2009),citationItemsid1013,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/GXZ4Z5RU,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/GXZ4Z5RU,itemDataid1013,typearticle-journal,titlePruning Prisons How Cutting Corrections Can Save Money and Protect Public Safety,authorfamilyInstitute,givenJustice Policy,issueddate-parts2009,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Institute, 2009).

There is a huge financial drain on the department of correction due to the increase in population in the incarnation. The growing population results in more costs and state spending on the facilities and services of these prisoners. Studies show that state government spends 9 percent of about 12 billion on the California Department of correction. In the current budget of 2018-19, 11.9 billion has been provided from General Fund for the support of California correctional facility ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa4tqpkrekl,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220The 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version),uc0u8221 n.d.),plainCitation(The 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version), n.d.),citationItemsid1014,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/S2IKWDVZ,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/S2IKWDVZ,itemDataid1014,typewebpage,titleThe 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version),URLhttps//lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3870/11,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (The 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version), n.d.). This is an increase of 271 million from the budget of last year and this increase in cost is due to the medical treatments for inmates, change of radio equipment and roof replacement of prison.

The rising population of correctional facility results in more cost on the services of these facilities and the overall burden is put on the shoulders of taxpayers. The rising expenditures of these facilities in the areas if employee benefits, hospital costs, and education services for prisoners have been identifying in a study ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa2dh3jtoita,propertiesformattedCitation(Henrichson Delaney, 2012),plainCitation(Henrichson Delaney, 2012),citationItemsid1016,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/YJXYUMLA,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/YJXYUMLA,itemDataid1016,typearticle-journal,titleThe price of prisons What incarceration costs taxpayers,container-titleFed. Sentg Rep.,page68,volume25,authorfamilyHenrichson,givenChristian,familyDelaney,givenRuth,issueddate-parts2012,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Henrichson Delaney, 2012). The incarnation population has continued to increase from past few decades increasing the cost of these correctional facilities but in the fiscal year 2018-19 it is projected that the correctional population is going to decrease from 128500 inmates to about 126,300 ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa2s4pfgf83,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220The 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version),uc0u8221 n.d.),plainCitation(The 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version), n.d.),citationItemsid1014,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/S2IKWDVZ,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/S2IKWDVZ,itemDataid1014,typewebpage,titleThe 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version),URLhttps//lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3870/11,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (The 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version), n.d.). It is recommended that the department of correction can achieve economies of scale by having just one department to oversee prisoner mental health because it will reduce the cost of two administrative departments.

There are generally three different spheres of influence under which correctional facilities operate Business, Government and Social. Understanding the impact and requirements of each of these spheres is important as is understanding their relationship to one another. Stakeholders include any individual or group, external or internal who may be affected by or affect the accomplishment of the organizational mission ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDake5h8d0nd,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220Engage Stakeholders Correctional Industries,uc0u8221 n.d.),plainCitation(Engage Stakeholders Correctional Industries, n.d.),citationItemsid1017,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/D82G8VP7,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/D82G8VP7,itemDataid1017,typewebpage,titleEngage Stakeholders Correctional Industries,URLhttps//info.nicic.gov/cirs/node/34,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Engage Stakeholders Correctional Industries, n.d.). In case of correctional facilities, customers, legislators, employees, and government officials are considered part of these group. For correctional facilities, it is vital to know these stakeholders and have an understanding of the nature of mutual relationships between them, and how those relationships shape over time and are managed accordingly. External stakeholders may include groups serving crime victims, the media, elected officials, as well as families, schools, businesses, and society at large. Those who become victim to a crime are naturally impacted.

The current budget of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation shows that the total allocation on all the programs is 12,149,288 ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDank3mljv2n,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220CDCR Budget,uc0u8221 n.d.-a),plainCitation(CDCR Budget, n.d.-a),citationItemsid1010,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/K6MJE62P,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/K6MJE62P,itemDataid1010,typewebpage,titleCDCR Budget,URLhttps//www.cdcr.ca.gov/Budget/index.html,accesseddate-parts2019,1,19,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (CDCR Budget, n.d.-a). Budget Management works with the accounting staff and the Director and Deputy-Director of the Financial Services Division, along with external control agencies such as the State Controllers Office or the Department of Finance, to introduce changes into the budget of the Department, in order to be part of the Governors Budget publication. The staff is required to allocate the budget for each program mentioning any funding or subsequent revisions in the fiscal year along with providing executives with budget expertise.

The Budget Management Branch works to support the Division of Juvenile Justice, the Division of Adult Institutions, The Division of Health Care Services and the Division of Adult Paroles with budget-related support functions. They also have to liaison with the Department of Finance and apply budgetary processes to manage the departments annual budget. Moreover, they are required to process documents of the state Controllers Office that are related to the position authority and to provide fiscal and technical support to other groups ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDr7Y2MNIp,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220CDCR Budget,uc0u8221 n.d.-b),plainCitation(CDCR Budget, n.d.-b),citationItemsid1019,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/5QX89R65,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/5QX89R65,itemDataid1019,typewebpage,titleCDCR Budget,URLhttps//www.cdcr.ca.gov/Budget/index.html,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (CDCR Budget, n.d.-b). The CDCR technical budget adjustments have to be completed, and the annual Governors Proposed Budget has to be prepared. The Schedule 7A has to be completed for the current year, prior year and the budget year for CDCR. Analyzing and amending any proposals for budget change have to do in collaboration with internal program staff, and to complete any population-based processes twice in a year for different Justice departments. They are also required to Act as a liaison for the Legislature and the Legislative Analyst Office (LAO).

The cost-cutting strategies have been implemented, and the budget has been reduced to 9107757 that is approx 25 of the reduction in the spending of the Department of Correction. The recommended costs in different areas are mentioned in the table below.

CDCRs Recommended Budget for Fiscal Year 2018-2019

ProgramAllocation (in thousands)Corrections and Rehabilitation Administration302,345 Peace Officer Selection and Employee Development78,777 Department of Justice Legal Services40,659 Juvenile Offender Program Juvenile Operations151,049 Vocational and Academic Education for Juveniles 24,086 Healthcare Services for Juveniles23,366 Adult Rehabilitation and Corrections - General Security Operations2,852,241 Adult Rehabilitation and Corrections - Inmate Support Operations1,782,468 Adult Rehabilitation and Corrections - Contracted Facilities Operations169,791 Adult Rehabilitation and Corrections - Institution Administration Operations428,494 Parole Operations - Adult Supervision340,363 Parole Operations - Community-Based Programs for Adults225,034 Parole - Adult Administration Operations75,248 SARATSO Review Committee and Management Board for Sex-Offenders1,221 Board of Parole Hearings Hearings for Adults41,804 Board of Parole Hearings - Administrative7,459 Adult Education Rehabilitative Programs101,141 Rehabilitation Programs - Reentry Services and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy115,297 Rehabilitation Programs - Inmate Activities (Adults)73,490 Rehabilitation Programs - Adult Administration22,309 Adult Medical Services1,315,603 Adult Dental Services132,630 Adult Mental Health Service458,634 Adult Psychiatric Program80,900 Adult Ancillary Healthcare Services230,424 Mental Health and Dental Services Administration for Adults32,924 TOTAL 9107757

The strategies that have been employed to reduce the overall cost of the Department of Correction is to reduce the prison population to cut the cost on their services and rehabilitation programs directly. In addition, it is recommended to increase the parole systems to reduce the prison population. Moreover, strategy to shift the prisoners with substance abuse treatment to community-based treatments have been implemented. The services in prisons have been reduced to cut the cost. The cost of administration and employees have been reduced. In addition, the cost of general security and support will be reduced as a result of a decrease in population and shift of prisoners to community-based programs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDa2hetpeng1e,propertiesformattedCitation(Institute, 2009),plainCitation(Institute, 2009),citationItemsid1013,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/GXZ4Z5RU,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/GXZ4Z5RU,itemDataid1013,typearticle-journal,titlePruning Prisons How Cutting Corrections Can Save Money and Protect Public Safety,authorfamilyInstitute,givenJustice Policy,issueddate-parts2009,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Institute, 2009). This can reduce about two-thirds of the prison beds cost ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDpqM1yo7x,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf,uc0u8221 n.d.),plainCitation(finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf, n.d.),citationItemsid1024,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/WJ6WPN63,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/WJ6WPN63,itemDataid1024,typearticle,titlefinalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf,URLhttps//www.house.leg.state.mn.us/comm/docs/finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf, n.d.). Reduction of the mentally ill prisoners from the prisons also reduced the cost of mental and psychiatric health services provided to them. In addition, parole services have been improved to cut expense. Moreover, to reduce the cost of medical treatments, the strategy of bulk purchasing medicines and drugs is applied ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDq7jlZe21,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220managingcorrectionscosts.pdf,uc0u8221 n.d.-a),plainCitation(managingcorrectionscosts.pdf, n.d.-a),citationItemsid1021,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/T7SINBYS,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/T7SINBYS,itemDataid1021,typearticle,titlemanagingcorrectionscosts.pdf,URLhttp//www.ncsl.org/documents/cj/managingcorrectionscosts.pdf,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (managingcorrectionscosts.pdf, n.d.-a).

Conclusion

The changes in the budget are directed at reducing the overall cost of the Department of Correction. The strategies implemented have the outcome in the form of reduced cost in the human resource by reducing the security and other personnel, reduced cost in the medical services and overall reduced cost by the decline in prison population and increase in the parole system. The changes implemented will reduce the expense for about 25 of the overall cost on expenditures. Reduced population means less space required for accommodation, less cost of employees to manage and support them and less cost on their services. In addition, it is recommended to introduce new policies so that the prisoners can contribute toward the cost of the department ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDe4zVKXRH,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf,uc0u8221 n.d.),plainCitation(finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf, n.d.),citationItemsid1024,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/WJ6WPN63,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/WJ6WPN63,itemDataid1024,typearticle,titlefinalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf,URLhttps//www.house.leg.state.mn.us/comm/docs/finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf, n.d.). States have adopted such policies and procedures to reduce the cost effectively. The cost of different operating areas of budget reduced can be used for reinvesting in better technology and different public safety initiatives and risk management ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDRL2pAvDd,propertiesformattedCitationrtf (uc0u8220managingcorrectionscosts.pdf,uc0u8221 n.d.-b),plainCitation(managingcorrectionscosts.pdf, n.d.-b),citationItemsid1022,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/JEZCKPE9,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/JEZCKPE9,itemDataid1022,typearticle,titlemanagingcorrectionscosts.pdf,URLhttp//www.ncsl.org/documents/cj/managingcorrectionscosts.pdf,accesseddate-parts2019,1,20,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (managingcorrectionscosts.pdf, n.d.-b).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL custom CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bergman, B., Klefsj, B. (2010). Quality from customer needs to customer satisfaction. Studentlitteratur AB.

CDCR Budget. (n.d.-a). Retrieved January 19, 2019, from https//www.cdcr.ca.gov/Budget/index.html

CDCR Budget. (n.d.-b). Retrieved January 20, 2019, from https//www.cdcr.ca.gov/Budget/index.html

Engage Stakeholders Correctional Industries. (n.d.). Retrieved January 20, 2019, from https//info.nicic.gov/cirs/node/34

Fayol, H. (2016). General and industrial management. Ravenio Books.

finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.house.leg.state.mn.us/comm/docs/finalreportcorrectionssmoadvtaskforce.pdf

Henrichson, C., Delaney, R. (2012). The price of prisons What incarceration costs taxpayers. Fed. Sentg Rep., 25, 68.

Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management theory an integrated approach. Cengage Learning.

Institute, J. P. (2009). Pruning Prisons How Cutting Corrections Can Save Money and Protect Public Safety.

Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons.

managingcorrectionscosts.pdf. (n.d.-a). Retrieved from http//www.ncsl.org/documents/cj/managingcorrectionscosts.pdf

managingcorrectionscosts.pdf. (n.d.-b). Retrieved from http//www.ncsl.org/documents/cj/managingcorrectionscosts.pdf

Petersilia, J. (2008). Californias correctional paradox of excess and deprivation. Crime and Justice, 37(1), 207278.

Richard, T. (2013). Qualitative versus quantitative methods Understanding why qualitative methods are superior for criminology and criminal justice.

The 2018-19 Budget California Spending Plan (Final Version). (n.d.). Retrieved January 20, 2019, from https//lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3870/11

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