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Discussion Board 2

Discussion Board 2

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Discussion Board 2

Felisha Jones

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

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Discussion Board 2

In recent years, public health research has increasingly focused on exploring the social epidemiology of various diseases, in order to examine the various social-structural factors that impact a community’s health. A number of societal and ecological characteristics affect the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in society, and thus applying the ecosocial epidemiology paradigm to understand the disease will involve focusing on various environmental and social factors associated with its diagnosis CITATION Nie19 \l 1033 (Nies & McEwen, 2019).

Neighborhood plays a significant role in creating disruption or social cohesion in an individual’s life. Its effect extends to underpinning even simple behaviors such as smoking, and likewise, the environment sets the conditions for various social interactions that shape expectations, habits, and values among a community. For instance, environments with low-levels of urban planning, low SES, high population density, lack of availability of services, and lesser road intersections correlate with hypertension and obesity, which in turn are risk factors for CVD. Similarly, a higher density of convenience stores, little access to supermarkets, and high noise pollution along with social cohesion are also risk factors for CVD CITATION Thi11 \l 1033 (Lang, Lepage, Schieber, Lamy, & Kelly-Irving, 2011).

In addition, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is also predicted by chronic stress. In this regard, work-related stress caused by adverse psychosocial conditions lead to increased risks of diastolic blood pressure and myocardial infarction. Moreover, poor team relationships and lack of team coordination, and in particular work-related conflict, also lead to a higher likelihood of CVD associated morbidity and mortality CITATION Thi11 \l 1033 (Lang, Lepage, Schieber, Lamy, & Kelly-Irving, 2011). Uncertain and unstable situations involving fear of losing employment, seasonal or part-time work, fixed-term contracts, and internships have also been found to be associated with increased risks of CVD, which confirm the impact of various social-structural and ecological factors in determining the prevalence and incidence of this disease.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Lang, T., Lepage, B., Schieber, A.-C., Lamy, S., & Kelly-Irving, M. (2011). Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases. Public Health Reviews, 33(2), 601-602. doi:10.1007/BF03391652

Nies, M. A., & McEwen, M. (2019). Community/Public Health Nursing (7th ed.). Saunders.

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