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Restorative justice visions crime as more than a violation of law - that creates damage to people, relationships and society. The fair response must therefore report such damages and irregularities. Restorative justice is a way of thinking differently about the crime. It focuses to repair the harm that crime caused and tend to reduce future harm. It deals with three big ideas: encounter: in order to know how to do things parties should get together and decide together; transformation: fundamental changes in communities, relationships, and in people is caused by transformation; and repair: justice requires repairing the harm that is caused by crime ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"BiIoyzO4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Rj brief.pdf}, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Rj brief.pdf, n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":443,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/9CT7MPGT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/9CT7MPGT"],"itemData":{"id":443,"type":"article","title":"rj brief.pdf","URL":"http://www.d.umn.edu/~jmaahs/Correctional%20Assessment/rj%20brief.pdf","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rj brief.pdf, n.d.). Restorative justice is a theory of justice that highlights the repair of damage produced by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through collaborative processes that allow all stakeholders willing to meet, when this approach is impossible than other approaches are also available. Foundational principle are:

Crime causes harm and justice restorative justice focus on repairing it.

Individuals most affected by the crime must be able to partake in its resolution.

The duty of the government is to uphold order and society to build peace.

According to reintegrative shaming theory, if people communicate shame about crime effectively with people then societies will have lower crime rates. Stigmatization is known as the way of communicating the shamefulness of crime which rise crime ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"7j1X7SU4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Reintegrative Shaming,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Reintegrative Shaming,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":444,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/LUPHP6ZX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/LUPHP6ZX"],"itemData":{"id":444,"type":"webpage","title":"Reintegrative Shaming","container-title":"Criminology Wiki","abstract":"Reintegrative Shaming theory is on reintegrative shaming, and it is a fairly common practice in today’s justice system. Reintegrative shaming is defined as a form of shaming, imposed as a sanction by the criminal justice system, that is thought to strengthen the moral bond between the offender and the community. In this posting you will find a description of reintegrative shaming, as well as an evaluation, empirical test, policy implication, and some general information about reintegrative...","URL":"https://criminology.fandom.com/wiki/Reintegrative_Shaming","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Reintegrative Shaming,” n.d.). There was a stigmatic and reintegration shaming. Stigmatic shame spoils the relationship between the perpetrator and the community, perhaps for the rest of the perpetrator's life. The theory has not been revised yet, but it is believed to need improvement. Its popularity has remained largely the same and it has not lost its use in the criminal justice system so far. In labelling theory, Theorists recommended that influential persons and the state make crime by describing certain behaviors as unsuitable. Theorists put their focus on the reactions of members of society to crime and delinquency, it is a focus that detached them from other theorist at the time. Although some criminal efforts to reduce crime aim to help the offender these theorists articulate their argument. Because of the naming that theorists give to individuals involved in crime behavior such criminals come closer to life. When members of a community instigate to process these persons on the foundation of their label, the person initiates to take this designation himself. In other words, a person conducts behavior that others consider unsuitable, while others classify that person as a pervert, and ultimately the individual assimilates and accepts it.

A restorative intervention can be used in criminal justice process, but in some cases may be adjustments to existing laws required. There are four main points that can make restoration process successful initiated:

Prosecution level which involves post charge before trial.

At the police level

At court level it can be either in sentencing stage or pretrial

Corrections

A restorative process can be originated in some cases rather than drawing the attention of criminal justice to a particular crime or conflict system in the first place. For example, in school programs that use arbitration or other restorative processes to deal with them, simple behavioral difficulties that occur within the school community ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"f54Nscwn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007)","plainCitation":"(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":439,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/9QP2FQ4R"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/9QP2FQ4R"],"itemData":{"id":439,"type":"book","title":"Handbook on restorative justice programmes.","publisher":"United Nations","publisher-place":"New York","source":"Open WorldCat","event-place":"New York","ISBN":"978-92-1-133754-9","note":"OCLC: 503479915","language":"en","author":[{"literal":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007). In the neighborhood mediation centers restorative programs can also work. Police officers can often integrate restorative principles of justice in making their own decisions when they are invited to them. Such as mediate on the street, in cases of minor disturbance or conflict or in specific contexts, such as schools. The main categories of restoration process are:

Family group and community conferencing

Victim offender mediation

Peacemaking circles

Circle sentencing

Panels and reparative probation and community boards.

There is a positive effects of restorative justice in reducing the severity of re-offending and the frequency. For offender reparation there are high level of support between communities and crime victims. If restoration process give opportunity many offenders and crime victims can participate in it. Restorative process can help reduce post-traumatic stress disorder in victims. Restoration process helped many courts, they reduced the costs, processing time of the court and improved delivery service. To repair the harm from criminal activity, restorative process can enhance the capacities of families and communities. Restorative outcomes involve programs and responses like, restitution, reparation, and community services. It also aimed at meeting people and duties of parties and collective needs. It also achieve reintegration of the offender and the victim. The quest for an agreement is important objective of restoration process.

Restorative justice processes can rise community participation and help the involvement of community inhabitants in the response to, and solve crime and social unrest problems. When community volunteers are properly trained, they can be effective aid restorative processes as criminal justice professionals. In constructing agreements and in the resolution of conflict, restorative process provides expanded role for community members. In criminal justice system, the restoration process involve all parties to the table and it also include justice process and court’s proceedings. The victim and the imprisoned criminal receive the help they need to reintegrate into their community. Mental health professionals, social workers, religious leaders, and peers form support networks designed to mitigate the negative effects of being a victim or help a criminal change his ways. Restorative justice allows students to resolve conflicts themselves and in groups, a rising exercise in schools across the country. Basically, the idea is to bring students into small, peer-mediated groups to speak, ask questions, and show their complaints. The rising number of areas using restorative justice, programs have aided strengthen campus communities, stop bullying, and decrease student clashes. Government research shows that 85% of victims who participate in restorative justice find the process useful. For many victims who meet the person who harmed them, can be a major step forward in recovering from crime. Restorative justice also helps to reduce crime - research has shown that it reduces resubmission by 14% ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"e9bQZmGx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Do you need restorative justice? | Restorative Justice Council,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Do you need restorative justice? | Restorative Justice Council,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":440,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/4Y4PHLRM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/WcSf8WB9/items/4Y4PHLRM"],"itemData":{"id":440,"type":"webpage","title":"Do you need restorative justice? | Restorative Justice Council","URL":"https://restorativejustice.org.uk/do-you-need-restorative-justice","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Do you need restorative justice? | Restorative Justice Council,” n.d.). Restorative justice programs should be used because they can occur at phases, in addition to conversion. For example, if the court confirms the case, a conciliatory process can be conducted to decide the verdict. Restorative justice techniques can also be used in detention facilities.

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Do you need restorative justice? | Restorative Justice Council. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2019, from https://restorativejustice.org.uk/do-you-need-restorative-justice

Reintegrative Shaming. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2019, from Criminology Wiki website: https://criminology.fandom.com/wiki/Reintegrative_Shaming

Rj brief.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.d.umn.edu/~jmaahs/Correctional%20Assessment/rj%20brief.pdf

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2007). Handbook on restorative justice programmes. New York: United Nations.