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R. Kelly Is he an R B Icon or Culture Vulture

Writer

Institutional Affiliations

R. Kelly Is he an R B Icon or Culture Vulture

Introduction

Robert Sylvester Kelly or R. Kelly is an American musician. He is a famous singer, songwriter, composer, and record producer. Formerly, he has also been a professional basketball player. He was born in Chicago in 1967. He started his performances during the period of late along with an album 12 Play. A few of his most famous songs include I Believe I Can Fly, Gotham City, Your Bodys Callin, If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time etc. His most popular hip-hopera is the Trapped in the Closet. Kelly also received three Grammy Awards in 1998 for his marvelous work on I Believe I Can Fly. Kelly has the record of being the 55th best-selling music artist in America. He has over 32 million music album sales as per the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). He has sold more than 74 million records worldwide while he has released 112 solo albums so far. He was one of the most successful R B male music artists of the 90s. His greatest achievement was to refine the R B and hip-hop which earned him the titles King of R B and King of Pop-Soul. He also got her honor to be listed on the Billboard for being the most successful music artist for the years 1985-2010 and the best R B artist in history. He has earned many awards including BET, Soul Train, Billboard, NAACP, and American Music Awards.

However, all these laurels do not come without any controversial highlights. Kelly was subjected to severe allegations related to sexual assault and misconduct in the earliest years of the 1990s. He was accused of having intimate relationships with underage girls though he has been denying the accusations till now. At the start of 2002, Kelly was impeached of sexual charges with minors. It turned into propaganda and many controversies on social media. He was indicted with the 21 charges of child pornography. Nonetheless, he was dropped off of all the charges later when the alleged victims refused to testify. The trial lasted for over five years and he had been ridiculed and looked down since then. None of these things came in his way of writing, recording and selling new music.

In 2018, BBC aired documentaries entitled R Kelly Sex, Girls and Videotape and R Kelly The Sex Scandal Continues in course of his sex allegations. In 2019, a miniseries titled Surviving R. Kelly was aired on cable television and it depicted all the details of his allegations based on sexual abuse by several women. Kelly again publically denied that it ever happened. After his emasculation by the court of public opinions, his record label was dropped down as the social media stared an online campaign against him using the hashtag Mute R Kelly. The music streaming websites He was again indicted for the multiple charges of aggravated sexual assault and criminal activities on 22nd February 2019. His mugshots were posted on all the social media outlets, televisions, newspapers and magazines and it was an aggravated attempt for a public lynching. He has also been apprehended in the court of public opinions and then he decided to do a one on one interview with Gayle King in order to defend his honor.

Literature Review

Robert Kelly received incredible success and laurels in both pop as well as RB music records list. He has been the center of headlines along with his legal afflictions. He spent his childhood in a Chicago housing project with his single mother. As a child, he started singing in his churchs choir. Among the group of five children, Kelly was selected to attend the Kenwood Academy. His music teacher Lena McLin convinced him that he was gifted with very unique traits for performing and motivated him that he could become a big star. Kelly later recalled her as his second mother in one interview with Ebony magazine. He had been singing on the streets for quite a long time before he achieved his first milestone in 1990 when he signed a recording contract with Jive Records. In 1992, he released his album Born into the 90s with his RB group Public Announcement. This album was a successful hit while featuring hit RB Kellys lead vocals Honey Love and Slow Dance etc. As soon as his album gained tremendous success, he instantaneously became notorious for his lyrics featuring sexually implicit content. As his singles started gaining meteoric rise securing him top ranking, he suffered through a great trauma as he lost his mother. The sexual lyrics controversies kept rising as he released 12 Play where he made songs like Bump n Grind, Sex Me and Your Bodys Callin. The album was certified gold and eventually went six times platinum by 1994.

In 1994, Kelly wrote and produced Aaliyah Haughtons debut album titled Age Aint Nothing But A Number which sold over six billion copies worldwide. The same year, Kelly and Aaliyah, who was just fifteen years old at the time, were illegally and allegedly married though the marriage was annulled in 1995 ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDbsuqZ9RR,propertiesformattedCitation(Savage, 2019a),plainCitation(Savage, 2019a),noteIndex0,citationItemsid506,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/GYBFGTJB,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/GYBFGTJB,itemDataid506,typearticle-newspaper,titleJim DeRogatis The thorn in R. Kellys side,container-titleBBC News,sectionEntertainment Arts,sourcewww.bbc.com,abstractFor two decades, the journalist has made the case against R. Kelly. Does he think justice is coming,URLhttps//www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48497640,title-shortJim DeRogatis,languageen-GB,authorfamilySavage,givenMark,issueddate-parts2019,6,5,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Savage, 2019a). He continued to live up to his notoriety earned the title Prince of Pillowtalk as he released his album R. Kelly. He received his first Grammy nominations for writing, producing and composing Michael Jacksons hit song You Are Not Alone. According to the documentary series Surviving R. Kelly, the song was written for Lizet Martinez with whom Kelly had been having sex with since she was 17 years old. In 1996, Kelly came up with another crossover song I Believe I Can Fly and the same year he married Andrea Kelly who was his former backup dancer. They later had three kids together. A 1996 lawsuit stated that Tia Hawkins and Kelly met in 1991 when she was only fifteen years old and they started having sex and their relationship persisted for three years. It caused her severe psychological and emotional setback that it led her to attempt suicide.

In 2001, Tracy Sampson filed a lawsuit claiming that Kelly took her virginity when she was only 17 years old intern at Epic Records. In 2002, a video surfaced of Kelly having sex with underage girls and urinating on one. The girl being urinated on was allegedly his co-singer Sparkles niece who was fourteen years old at the time. Kelly, however, denied the allegation that it was not him in the video. The same year he was indicted for the 21 council child pornography charges. He was apprehended in Miami based on the Chicago arrest warrant by the Miami Police Department. They also searched his Florida home and found twelve images of an allegedly underage girl who was wrapped in a towel in a duffle bag. However, these charges were dropped in 2004 on the basis of a lack of probable cause for the search warrants. Patrice Jones in 2002, filed a lawsuit against Kelly that they were involved in a sexual relationship when she was only seventeen and when she got pregnant, Kelly forced her to have an abortion. Another woman Montina Woods sued him for secretly filming them while having sex in a music studio in Chicago. Both of these cases were settled outside the court for an undisclosed amount in exchange for their silence ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDZRD9UTIy,propertiesformattedCitation(Savage, 2019b),plainCitation(Savage, 2019b),noteIndex0,citationItemsid500,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/XV9XRYDP,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/XV9XRYDP,itemDataid500,typearticle-newspaper,titleThe history of allegations against R. Kelly,container-titleBBC News,sectionEntertainment Arts,sourcewww.bbc.com,abstractThe star has been charged with sexually abusing four females, the latest in a long line of allegations.,URLhttps//www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40635526,languageen-GB,authorfamilySavage,givenMark,issueddate-parts2019,8,6,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Savage, 2019b).

In 2005, Kellys wife Andrea filed for a protective order against Kellys alleged abuse. In 2008, the official trials started and after two weeks the trial was wrapped and took less than a day of deliberations to find R. Kelly not guilty of all the fourteen accounts. During the trial, Kelly met a fifteen-year-old Jerhonda Pace who stood outside the courthouse each day and just one year later, they were having sex. In 2009, Kellys divorce was officially finalized. In 2010, Billboard named R. Kelly as the number one RB artist of the past 25 years. By 2011, he had top 35 hits and 11 number one hits on his RB /hip-hop songs chart. He had been releasing his hit albums till 2016 including Love Letter, Write Me Back, The Buffet and 12 Nights of Christmas. R. Kelly had a very bright career and had seen enormous success and limelight all the while being the most controversial celebrity following all those allegations on him.

Since the start of the 21st century, the most famous phenomenon related to the Down-Low black men who keep men as well as women for excessive sexual gratification and are not identified as gays, bisexuals or queers have been the highlights of the news media and the widespread culture. It can be seen quite prominently in the black culture from Oprah Winfrey Show to the infamous R. Kellys hip opera Trapped in the Closet. Majority of the down-low tales involve the moral values of black culture. The black men are either predominantly the sex predators who intentionally infect their unsuspecting female sexual partners with sexually transmitted infections like HIV. While other times they are preys of the pathological black culture that openly rejects their gay identities. In any case, this narrative of the down-low culture presents black men sexually as the most dangerous, contaminated, immoral, and adulterated people.

C. Riley Snorton in In Nobody Is Supposed To know, identifies the appearance and exchange of the down-low contemporary media and the famous black culture in order to show the world that how these depictions emphasize the troublesome perceptions about the sexuality of eh black men and women. Snorton did a lot of redo on Eve Sedgwicks idea of the Glass Closet and represents new theories of the demonstration of the black sexuality which is mainly marked through the hypervisibility and incarceration, manifestations and assumptions. The thorough reading of the news, articles, blogs, listening to the gossips, talk shows and movies it can be explored that Nobody Is Supposed To Know exhibits the contemporary genealogy, connotation, and purpose of the down-low culture. Sonoton explains that how the down-low tales link the black culture with the queerness in the famous notion of the general masses. It has also been examined that it depicts how the down-low is just another example of the perception of media and popular culture about surveillance and policing of the black sexuality ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDjMVp0m4G,propertiesformattedCitation(Snorton, 2014),plainCitation(Snorton, 2014),noteIndex0,citationItemsid508,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/HTTJJ3VZ,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/HTTJJ3VZ,itemDataid508,typebook,titleNobody Is Supposed to Know,sourcewww.upress.umn.edu,abstractHow the down low media phenomenon reinforces troubling representations of black sexuality,URLhttps//www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/nobody-is-supposed-to-know,languageen,authorfamilySnorton,givenC. Riley,issueddate-parts2014,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Snorton, 2014).

The younger brother of R. Kelly, Carey Kelly was also featured on the lifetime documentary series Surviving R. Kelly. During the making of the series, it was revealed that both R. Kelly and Carey were molested and sexually abused in their childhood though they could never reveal information about their abuser. In an interview with Tasha in Unwine With Tasha K., Carey opened up about their story of molestation and said that it was their older sister, Theresa Kelly, who used to sexually abuse them. He said that at the time Theresa was 16 years old while he was 6 and Robert was 10. Carey told that his sister would grab his head as a child and then would force him to perform her sexual favors. Carey said that Theresa would let our oldest brother Bruce play outside, however, Carey and Robert were forced to stay with her inside the home, one at a time, so she could abuse them separately. Carey and Robert did not know about each others treatment that she used to do it with each one of them, however, Carey believes that she used to molest Robert in the same way. But he believes that Robert particularly enjoyed it as he once overheard him telling Bruce that he was not a virgin anymore and he was basically bragging about it. It was like a rush for him and he enjoyed his time spent with their sister and that was another reason why both got along quite well after that. Carey believes that she grew up to be a self-proclaimed Woman of God as she shunned him and their older brother Bruce while she would attend R. Kellys shows while maintaining her pastor and congregation. She then moved to Illinois, about half an hour away from Chicago, and the abuse continued for the next six years. Carey, however, never told their mother about these incidents ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationID8yX5h95U,propertiesformattedCitation(Janai, 2018),plainCitation(Janai, 2018),noteIndex0,citationItemsid514,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/QYNKBUGP,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/QYNKBUGP,itemDataid514,typepost-weblog,titleEXCLUSIVE R.Kelly Carey Kelly were TOUCHED at age 6 10 by their Older Sister Theresa Kelly.,container-titleunwinewithtashak,abstractR. Kellys brother, Carey Kelly, flies all the way out from Chicago to Atlanta to tell a very deep story Tasha K. sits down with Carey Kelly for an exclusive interview about his and R. Kellys childhood abuse and family molestation. This is not the first time Carey Kelly has exposed his own brothe,URLhttps//www.unwinewithtashak.com/new-blog/2018/12/20/exclusive-rkelly-amp-carey-kelly-were-touched-at-age-6-amp-10-by-their-older-sister-theresa-kelly,languageen-US,authorfamilyJanai,givenKia,issueddate-parts2018,12,20,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Janai, 2018).

Among many of R. Kellys victims, one young woman has written a tell-all book Sex Me Confessions of Daddys Little Freak in which she claims that how R. Kelly used her as a sex slave. She published the book under a fake name, Daddys Girl, however, mentioned all her experiences in detail about her relationship with R. Kelly. While many of the readers called this relationship as consensual, others say that this young woman was finessed into entering in a freak and abusive relationship. She claimed that she was only a 16 years old girl when she met R. Kelly and soon after they were involved in a sexual relationship. She also claimed that she eventually fell in love with him. Nonetheless, the way she has depicted the graphical details about their intimacies, makes the readers feel that she actually glamorized their relationship. She has also mentioned the details of inappropriate sexual activities in their relationship as a young woman and the great RB artist R. Kelly. She wrote in her prologue which depicts her complicated relationship with Kelly ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDFAiXyiQD,propertiesformattedCitation(Writer, 2018),plainCitation(Writer, 2018),noteIndex0,citationItemsid504,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/4WIC9DP7,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/4WIC9DP7,itemDataid504,typewebpage,titleR Kellys UNDERAGE Victim . . . Wrote A GRAPHIC Tell-All BOOK (FULL BOOK),container-titleWoke America,genreWoke America,URLhttps//wokeamerica.com/news/r-kellys-underage-victim-wrote-a-graphic-tell-all-book-full-book,languageen,authorfamilyWriter,givenStaff,issueddate-parts2018,10,10,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Writer, 2018).

It was his. It is his I still smell his scent. I still hear his voice his footsteps. I feel his body on top of mine. I wake up in cold sweats from dreams about him..the pleasure the terror. I may never understand how I can still be in love with the very thing that brought me so much pain, be pissed whenever I hear others speak ill of his name yet have moments of disgust all the same time.

Analysis, Criticism, and Argumentation

The legal system has ruled in favor of R. Kelly in his case of alleged abuse of young black women. Apart from the legal system, the media has also either sensationalized such allegations in favor of Kelly or lessened its importance. Most of the black community has also acted as a facilitator for Kelly and devalued girls involved in the case. It is important to notice that Lifetime network also released a documentary named Surviving R. Kelly, the focus of which was on his survival from victimhood. It was a six hours series that revolved around the sexual abuse faced by Kellys wife and his victim. The sections and stories of R. Kellys conduct are very old and was in his nature since 1994. His controversies also include marriage with songstress and Protg Aaliyah, at the time of the wedding, she was only 15, but at her certificate, it was allegedly shown that she is 18. R. Kellys affairs with underage girls continued to circulate at that time. However, in the late 90s, this issue surfaced and became a national headline when several women from Chicago accused R. Kelly of sexual intimidation when they were in their juvenile. The cases were settled with huge money at that time one is reported to be settled for at least 2500,000. When he was at the height of his career, his videos were leaked involving intimate activities with minor girls. R. Kelly was also accused of releasing those tapes and further humiliating the victims. He was prosecuted for more than 21 cases of child pornography. He then strategically prolonged all of his cases and delayed many trials. Many of his cases stretched at the span of more than 8 years and in the end, he was cleared of all the accusations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDNi9b9Uqh,propertiesformattedCitation(Harris, 2019),plainCitation(Harris, 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid510,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/K9QW9NNV,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/K9QW9NNV,itemDataid510,typewebpage,titleR. Kellys Victims Were Ignored for 30 Years. It Has Everything to Do With the Fact That They Are Black Women.,container-titleELLE,abstractA conversation with dream hampton, executive producer of Surviving R. Kelly.,URLhttps//www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/a25756816/r-kelly-lifetime-documentary-dream-hampton-interview/,languageen-US,authorfamilyHarris,givenIda,issueddate-parts2019,1,5,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Harris, 2019).

It is important to note that these allegations are not random cases and allegations, their behavior, and timing is very systematic and organized. These cases show properly planned the transportation of underage girls through the states and then involving them in the production of Child Pornography. Not only that but in almost all of his cases, he systematically evaded justice by bribing and threatening his opponents and witnesses. Kellys lawyer Steve Greenberg said that his client knew all along that such allegations will appear to tarnish his reputation and fame in the society. He further added that his client R. Kelly will be looking forward to his day in the court and will wait for the truth to prevail because he knows that some people are defaming him for his personal gains. He later appeared in the court and pleaded not guilty but was denied any bail. He pleaded on the basis that he will pose a flight risk during his prosecution. Several days later a persecutor in Minnesota also filed a charge against R. Kelly, this meant that the star was now facing cases in three different states of United States.

R. Kelly faced different allegations in his entire career and was not an alien to any rape and sexual assault allegations. The allegations he faced in his career were mostly rape abuses and child pornography. His long career of almost a quarter of a century was filled with lawsuits, investigations, and prosecutions and throughout all of it, he has mostly managed to bypass himself from any wrongdoings ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDDWmHK3Fl,propertiesformattedCitation(Tsioulcas Dwyer, 2019),plainCitation(Tsioulcas Dwyer, 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid512,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/EYYP6L3P,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/EYYP6L3P,itemDataid512,typewebpage,titleThe Allegations Against R. Kelly An Abridged History,container-titleNPR.org,abstractThe case laid out in Lifetimes Surviving R. Kelly represents just one more milestone in a quarter-century of controversy surrounding the RampB superstar. Heres a timeline of the major moments.,URLhttps//www.npr.org/2019/01/11/683936629/r-kelly-allegations-an-abridged-history,title-shortThe Allegations Against R. Kelly,languageen,authorfamilyTsioulcas,givenAnastasia,familyDwyer,givenColin,issueddate-parts2019,1,11,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Tsioulcas Dwyer, 2019).

Discussion

Robert Kelly, commonly renowned as R. Kelly had millions of music fans all over the world had a global audience. Kellys albums have been purchased by 75 million won and he also won three Grammy awards for his amazing music success. Besides his familiarity with the music he has produced, he is infamous for allegations of sexually abusing multiple women. Although Kelly denies all those allegations, many reports and interviews have proven the opposite. The exclusive interview CBS This Morning co-host Gayle King had with Kelly has been discussed widely in America. It has to do with ferocity, honor, the legal rights of women and with the behavior of public figures. King met with Kelly in Chicago about eight miles from the Cook County jail where he ended up after a few days. R Kelly was freed from jail after someone paid his bail and this was for a second time within two weeks.

Kelly had also been sued for child support after his wife took divorce from him and took the custody of their three children. He owned his wife about 1.6 million for their children. Kelly was alleged for aggravated sexually abusing four victims, out of which three were underage. Kelly was prosecuted for abusing them for more than ten years. These allegations are disturbing, but these are not the only ones. Kelly has also been accused of sex-cult, holding, starving and beating other women against their will. When King talked to Kelly, it was quite understood that a lot of stress was getting to him. He responded to these allegations as he stood up and screamed ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDX5tKH1qb,propertiesformattedCitation(King, 2019),plainCitation(King, 2019),noteIndex0,citationItemsid502,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/XNPRT64D,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/XNPRT64D,itemDataid502,typewebpage,titleThe Gayle King Interview with R. Kelly,container-titleCBS NEWS,abstractInside Gayle Kings explosive and exclusive interview with the embattled singer R. Kelly and two women who live with him and whats behind the allegations of abuse against him,URLhttps//www.cbsnews.com/news/r-kelly-interview-full-coverage-of-the-gayle-king-interview-with-r-kelly-on-cbs-2019-03-08/,languageen-US,authorfamilyKing,givenGale,issueddate-parts2019,3,9,accesseddate-parts2019,10,29,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (King, 2019)

Believe me, man He is not me They lyin on me Theyre lyin on me Im cool, bro. Im cool. Im good. Im not afraid because Im telling the truth. Im not afraid because Im telling the truth

Kelly says that he has never abused any woman sexually, physically or help anyone against their will. He also has adamantly denied that he ever preyed on underage girls. He says that he is not alright, and under a lot of stress as his relation with his children along with his career is also being affected because of these false accusations on him. He has also pleaded for help and says that someone needs to believe him that he is not lying. He is only being victimized because he is black and a celebrity and these people are only lying on him in order to seek attention.

Conclusion

The famous cultural icon, R. Kelly had an eradicate behavior that made him fall from grace. Such behavior is common with people who are raised at the Southside (also called the murder capital of the world) as a kid, in a single-parent household whereas Kelly grew up in a church that honed his ability of singing. His upbringing has a dark side as he was physically, mentally, and emotionally molested by someone close to him. In one of his interviews, he declared that the close someone was nobody else but his own sister who used to molest him and his other brother. For many years the trauma was left undiagnosed that resulted in the manipulative, abusive, chaotic, criminal and illegal behavior which should not be spared and left unpunished. The cases against Kelly depict this background hand history of Kellys life that left him haunted and mentally disturbed. His colleague at the Glenwood Houses told that he was always seen harmonizing in the playground and everyone at the job knew that he would be a Big Star in the future by nobody noticed that he may have such a disturbing and eradicate behavior. A famous behaviorist Segway examined the case and history of Kelly and said that Kelly needs psychological and behavioral help. He said that Kelly is not psychologically, mentally, and emotionally well and needs much counseling and aid. The molestation he faced by his sister in childhood haunted him and it is reflected in the way he treats women and in the music that he writes.

Kelly tried his best to manipulate the public in his interview with Gayle King. Although the interview was very well choreographed and scripted, it didnt work well. The listeners and court of public found the story full of holes and fragments. A very narcissist ideology was displayed by Kelly because he was just trying to show himself a victim and further victimized the women who were abused and molested by him. He behaved as if he was hunted and victimized. The reports and stories were contradicted by him in the interview which seemed like he faced some kind of a witch hunt. His case dragged out for more than eight years and he was acquitted in the 2000s. It would get repeat again maybe and he would drag out things until he gets acquitted. No doubt, Kelly is a great music composer, singer, songwriter, and producer, but his iconic status has now fallen from the grace and he has become a Culture Vulture according to the public. He has produced and given us several great and appealing musical melodies but he is a person who does not care for anybody elses feelings. Whatever he composes for the music industry, he can never replace the harm he has caused to others. It is pitiful and sympathizing that he got molested by his own sister during his childhood and he might have faced much trauma due to that, but it doesnt mean that he should make others victim of the same abuse and harm that was caused to him. Rather, he would have adopted an opposite behavior to the one that he has and should have created awareness in the world to help other people get out of such issues so that no one else faces such a traumatic situation in life.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL uncited,omitted,custom CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Harris, I. (2019, January 5). R. Kellys Victims Were Ignored for 30 Years. It Has Everything to Do With the Fact That They Are Black Women. Retrieved October 29, 2019, from ELLE website https//www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/a25756816/r-kelly-lifetime-documentary-dream-hampton-interview/

Janai, K. (2018, December 20). EXCLUSIVE R.Kelly Carey Kelly were TOUCHED at age 6 10 by their Older Sister Theresa Kelly. Retrieved October 29, 2019, from Unwinewithtashak website https//www.unwinewithtashak.com/new-blog/2018/12/20/exclusive-rkelly-amp-carey-kelly-were-touched-at-age-6-amp-10-by-their-older-sister-theresa-kelly

King, G. (2019, March 9). The Gayle King Interview with R. Kelly. Retrieved October 29, 2019, from CBS NEWS website https//www.cbsnews.com/news/r-kelly-interview-full-coverage-of-the-gayle-king-interview-with-r-kelly-on-cbs-2019-03-08/

Savage, M. (2019a, June 5). Jim DeRogatis The thorn in R. Kellys side. BBC News. Retrieved from https//www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48497640

Savage, M. (2019b, August 6). The history of allegations against R. Kelly. BBC News. Retrieved from https//www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40635526

Snorton, C. R. (2014). Nobody Is Supposed to Know. Retrieved from https//www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/nobody-is-supposed-to-know

Tsioulcas, A., Dwyer, C. (2019, January 11). The Allegations Against R. Kelly An Abridged History. Retrieved October 29, 2019, from NPR.org website https//www.npr.org/2019/01/11/683936629/r-kelly-allegations-an-abridged-history

Writer, S. (2018, October 10). R Kellys UNDERAGE Victim. . . Wrote A GRAPHIC Tell-All BOOK (FULL BOOK) Woke America. Retrieved October 29, 2019, from Woke America website https//wokeamerica.com/news/r-kellys-underage-victim-wrote-a-graphic-tell-all-book-full-book

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